Ammonia-responsive thermoplastic starch films incorporated with gallic acid-cobalt metal-organic frameworks (GA/Co-MOF) for real-time tracking of shrimp freshness

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dc.authorid0000-0003-2225-7993
dc.authorid0000-0003-0665-8041
dc.contributor.authorYilmaz, Mustafa Tahsin
dc.contributor.authorParlak, Mahmut Ekrem
dc.contributor.authorUzuner, Kubra
dc.contributor.authorYildiz, Zehra Irem
dc.contributor.authorDundar, Ayse Neslihan
dc.contributor.authorSahin, Oya Irmak
dc.contributor.authorSaricaoglu, Furkan Turker
dc.date.accessioned2026-02-08T15:15:18Z
dc.date.available2026-02-08T15:15:18Z
dc.date.issued2026
dc.departmentBursa Teknik Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractDeveloping ammonia-responsive biopolymer-based smart films with strong mechanical properties and reliable visual freshness indicators is a significant research focus. Integrating cobalt-based metal-organic frameworks (CoMOF) into a polymer matrix is a contemporary method for manufacturing intelligent packaging materials, primarily due to their rapid responsiveness to ammonia. This study successfully synthesized an ammonia-sensitive Co-MOF by using gallic acid as the ligand (GA/Co-MOF) and integrated them into a thermoplastic starch (TPS) matrix, creating high-performance, multifunctional TPS-based intelligent active composite films (TPS/Co-MOF). FTIR analysis indicates that cobalt exhibits a strong affinity for the carboxy and hydroxy groups of gallic acid, leading to the formation of spherical aggregates, which have diameters of between 600 and 1000 nm, as visualized using SEM. A thorough analysis assessed the impact of GA/Co-MOF on the films' physicochemical, water barrier, and morphological properties, as well as their color, optical, UV-blocking, and material characteristics (thermal, crystallographic, molecular, and mechanical) and ammonia-responsive performances. The GA/Co-MOF nanofillers were uniformly dispersed in the TPS matrix, significantly enhancing tensile strength (from 4.35 to 5.29 MPa), elongation at break (from 122.97 to 153.7 %), puncture force (from 612.78 to 1069.96 g), puncture deformation (from 3.78 to 4.87 mm), water resistance, and UV-blocking abilities. Additionally, the films exhibited improved thermal stability, toughness, elasticity, and ammonia-sensitive discoloration properties. Notably, the TPS/Co-MOF films enabled effective real-time visual monitoring of shrimp freshness, with a faster color response time than existing nanocomposite films, making them promising for active and intelligent food packaging. These findings highlight the significant potential of TPS/Co-MOF films to meet the demands of safe packaging solutions with superior mechanical performance and freshness monitoring.
dc.description.sponsorshipBursa Technical University - Deanship of Scientific Research (DSR) , King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah [IPP: 779-135-2025]
dc.description.sponsorshipAcknowledgments This study was supported by project number 242N009 by the Scientific Research Project Units of Bursa Technical University. The authors
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.149551
dc.identifier.issn0141-8130
dc.identifier.issn1879-0003
dc.identifier.pmid41380885
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-105024661238
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.149551
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12885/5691
dc.identifier.volume338
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001644131800002
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ1
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMed
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherElsevier
dc.relation.ispartofInternational Journal of Biological Macromolecules
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
dc.snmzWOS_KA_20260207
dc.subjectSmart packaging
dc.subjectThermoplastic starch
dc.subjectMetal-organic framework
dc.subjectAmmonia sensitive
dc.subjectMaterial characterization
dc.titleAmmonia-responsive thermoplastic starch films incorporated with gallic acid-cobalt metal-organic frameworks (GA/Co-MOF) for real-time tracking of shrimp freshness
dc.typeArticle

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