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Öğe Prediction of Rheological Parameters of Asphalt Binders with Artificial Neural Networks(ISRES Publishing, 2021) Özdemir, Ahmet Münir; Yalçın, Erkut; Yılmaz, MehmetRecycling of industrial, agricultural etc. wastes is economically and environmentally important. In recent years, researchers was focused on the using wastes in structural materials. In this study, modified asphalt binders were obtained by adding 7 different ratios waste engine oil (2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10%, 12% and 14%), which released as a result of routine maintenance of automobiles, to the pure asphalt binder. Then, Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR) experiments were applied on pure and modified asphalt binders. The rheological properties of asphalt binders at different temperatures and frequencies (loading rates) were evaluated by performing the DSR Test at 4 different temperatures (40°C, 50°C, 60°C and 70°C) and 10 different frequencies (0.01-10Hz). Then, the obtained complex shear modulus and phase angle values were estimated with Artificial Neural Networks. The results showed that the addition of 2% waste mineral (engine) oil improved the elastic properties of the asphalt binder by increasing the complex shear modulus and decreasing the phase angle values. In addition, it was concluded that the rheological parameters of asphalt binders can be successfully obtained with Artificial Neural Networks, by estimating the results with low error rate and high accuracy.Öğe The effects of drying process on bioactive compounds of fruits and vegetables(Nova Science Publishers, 2021) Yıldız, Gülçin; İzli, GökçenMany bioactive compounds consist of antioxidants, vitamins, carotenoids, flavonoids, and other phenolics that exist in fruits and vegetables in appreciable amounts. Bioactive compounds have different biological activities such as scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS), inhibiting oxidation and microbial growth, and reducing the risk of chronic diseases such as cancers and cardiovascular disorders. However, they have low stability against environmental conditions. Therefore, the drying process emerged to decrease their sensitivity and present a target delivery system. Dried fruits and vegetables can be easily stored and transported at a relatively low cost. They have reduced packing costs, and their low moisture content delays microbial spoilage. This review provides an overview of recent findings on the effects of different drying techniques on major bioactive compounds of fruits and vegetables. In particular, changes in ascorbic acids, carotenoids, flavonoids, phenolic acids, total phenolics, and antioxidant capacities are discussed in detail.Öğe Structure Preserving Algorithm for the Logarithm of Symplectic Matrices(Murat TOSUN, 2021) Arslan, BaharThe current algorithms use either the full form or the Schur decomposition of the matrix in the inverse scaling and squaring method to compute the matrix logarithm. The inverse scaling and squaring method consists of two main calculations: taking a square root and evaluating the Padé approximants. In this work, we suggest using the structure preserving iteration as an alternative to Denman-Beavers iteration for taking a square root. Numerical experiments show that while using the structure preserving square root iteration in the inverse scaling and squaring method preserves the Hamiltonian structure of matrix logarithm, Denman-Beavers iteration and Schur decomposition cause a structure loss.Öğe Bioactive compounds and their importance(Nova Science Publishers, 2021) Yıldız, Gülçin; İzli, GökçenBioactive compounds are found in the natural environment and in food, and can act in the body to promote good health. As such, research on these compounds is valuable for optimizing human well-being. This book includes eleven chapters that explore various aspects of bioactive compounds. Chapter One provides an overview of recent findings on the effects of different drying techniques on major bioactive compounds of fruits and vegetables. Chapter Two evaluates the effects of different drying temperatures and cutting types on the total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of red capia pepper during storage. Chapter Three gives an overview on the principal applications related to encapsulation of bioactive compounds from herbal extracts with special attention on the choice of encapsulation agent on the quality of final dry extract. Chapter Four focuses on the role of bioactive compounds present in agro-industrial byproducts, innovative feeds and biotechnologically processed derivatives on animal performance, the quality of the derived animal products, the livestock health status, and the associated environmental benefits. Chapter Five disseminates knowledge of traditional flora using discrete formulations treated for wound healing. Chapter Six highlights the biodiversity of plant sesquiterpenoids as well as their health effects, focusing mainly on modern health problems. Chapter Seven links the importance of phytochemicals in plants to bioactive compounds in the human diet. Chapter Eight describes the most relevant information on bioactive polysacchardies reported in tropical fruits and their relationship with potential beneficial health effects. Chapter Nine collects the significance of marine organisms in natural product research and the application of emerging drugs to this field. Chapter Ten examines the enrichment of eggs and meat with bioactive compounds. Finally, Chapter Eleven reviews the role of lycopene in improving health and highlights the most valuable natural sources of this molecule.Öğe An Implementation with Low Impact Development (LID) Techniques within the Scope of Sustainable Stormwater Management: An Example of Mass Housing Project(Peter Lang Publishing Group, 2021) Müftüoğlu, Volkan; Perçin, HalimStormwater, which is tried to be rapidly collected from urban lands, is transferred to receiving waters in an uncontrolled manner, and this situation causes the receiving waters, and thus the entire water cycle to be negatively affected in terms of pollution, especially with the sediment and heavy metals carried by runoffs. Traditional stormwater management solutions in our cities are often inadequate in terms of size and capacity, and even fail to fully accomplish their purpose because of accumulated sediment and pollutants, as a result of excessive rainfall in a short amount of time due to global warming in recent years. On the other hand, sustainable stormwater management approaches, in which natural solutions are prioritized, aim to solve the stormwater problem at its source as much as possible and to store the water that will pass through the runoff or infiltrate it to groundwater. The widespread use of sustainable stormwater management solutions in our cities will provide rain harvesting, which can be a solution to water shortages due to drought, and will support traditional stormwater management solutions during excessive rainfalls. In this context, this study aims to propose appropriate stormwater solutions on a mass housing project with the lid approach one of sustainable stormwater management approaches, and to reveal the contribution of these solutions in stormwater management. It was concluded that the continuation of the sample area, which is managed with integrated management practices within the scope of lid approach, by preserving the pre-development hydrological conditions, is very important in terms of ensuring safer habitats and the sustainability of the waterstormwater cycle in the sample area.Öğe Examination of Substrate Specificity of the First Adenylation Domain in mcyA Module Involved in Microcystin Biosynthesis(Pamukkale University, 2020) Yaman, Gözde; Yılmaz, MeteThe cyanotoxin microcystin (MC) is a secondary metabolite, synthesized by nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) and polyketide synthase (PKS) enzymes. It has many isoforms and the mechanism of its diversity is not well understood. One of the MC synthetase genes, mcyA, codes for the McyA module containing two adenylation (A) domains. The first domain, McyA-A1, generally binds to L-serine (L-ser). Then the N-methyl transferase (NMT) domain converts L-Ser into N-methyldehydroalanine (Mdha), which usually occupies position 7 on the MC molecule. However, various other amino acids (AAs) might also be present at this position. In this study, bioinformatic analyses of selected cyanobacteria were performed to understand whether genetic information in the first adenylation domain of mcyA could explain incorporation of different AAs at position 7 of the MC molecule. Binding pocket signatures of McyA-A1 and putative activated AAs were determined via various bioinformatics tools. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic trees of full length mcyA, mcyA-A1 and 16S rRNA genes were prepared in Mega 6. Phylogenetic analysis of mcyA-A1 nucleotide sequences was in agreement with the predictions of activated AAs by McyA-A1. In comparison with the 16S rRNA and full length mcyA gene trees, mcyA-A1 phylogenetic trees suggested horizontal transfer of the A domain in either Planktothrix agardhii (Gomont) Anagnostidis & Komárek or Planktothrix rubescens (De Candolle ex Gomont) Anagnostidis & Komárek strains. Predictions of activated AAs were generally in agreement with the chemically determined position 7 AAs. However, there were exceptions suggesting the multispecificity of the first A domain of McyA in some cyanobacteria.Öğe Isolation, identification and characterization of three new strains of Bacillus sphaericus as mosquito pathogen(Field Crops Central Research Institute, 2020) Çağal, Münevver Müge; Doğan, Ali Umman; Çakar, Fatih; Şahin, FikrettinIn the present study, three entomopathogenic strains of Bacillus sphaericus (MBI5, MBI6, and MBI7) were isolated from greenhouse pest and larval habitat of Istanbul, Turkey. All of the MBI groups tested in laboratory bioassays were able to kill larvae, but not pupae and adults of Culex spp. in water. The most efficient larvicidal activity of the strains was found in the presence of two toxin genes, binA and binB for MBI5, MBI6, and MBI7 strains. Each B. sphaericus strains identified in this study were characterized as unique and novel in terms of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profiles and 16S rRNA sequencing data. The results of this study suggest that the three strains of B. sphaericus may be new sources of potential biocontrol agent of mosquito.Öğe Water absorption, anti-shrink efficiency and decay resistance of treated wood by silica based solutions(Yildiz Technical University, 2020) Dizman Tomak, Eylem; Şam Parmak, Ebru Devrim; Arpacı, Şebnem SevilIn this study, the effect of two different silica (SiO2) based solutions on water absorption, anti-shrink efficiency and decay resistance of Scots pine wood was studied. Sol-gel process was used in order to prepare SiO2 based solutions. One of the SiO2 based solutions (Sol-gel 1) was prepared by using tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and de-ionized water (TEOS:H2O=1:1/2). The same precursors was used for preparing the other solution (Sol-gel 2) but with a different molar ratio of TEOS:H2O=1:4. Scots pine wood specimens were first vacuum impregnated with the solutions and then cured. The level of water absorption and anti-shrink efficiency were determined with cyclical wetting tests, total of 14 days. Specimens were exposed to brown rot fungus, Coniophora puteana attack according to modified EN 113 standard to determine the best SiO2 based solution for sufficient decay resistance. Leached specimens were also suspected to decay test in order to evaluate any loss in effectiveness in decay resistance due to possibility of silica leaching. Both solutions had similar weight percent gains in wood, around 25%. SiO2 treated specimens decreased water absorption of wood as 20% in comparison with un-treated controls. Anti-shrink efficiency of wood was found as 26% for Sol-gel 1 solution and 35% for Sol-gel 2 solution at the end of the test. Decay resistance of treated specimens was in the range of 63-91% in comparison with controls. Sol-gel 2 solution were found efficacious in suppressing Coniophora puteana attack when no leaching prior the decay test was used, however, Sol-gel 1 solution seemed to be ineffective against fungus attack that exhibited more than 3% weight loss. Leached specimens had higher weight loss than un-leached specimens. The silica in leached wood supposed to be not sufficient to prevent brown rot fungus attack on wood. Results clearly showed that Sol-gel 2 solution had better water absorption and anti-shrink efficiency rates, and decay resistance than Sol-gel 1 solution.Öğe Palestinian Conflict and Turkey: A Policy of Balance(2019) Sarıaslan, FatmaTurkey, as a country built on the heritage of the Ottoman Empire dominated most of the Middle East region for a quite a big part time, has always been interested in Palestinian conflict which has been a chronic problem in the region until today and this issue has always been a priority in its foreign policy. Although Turkey finds the claims of Arab countries more acceptable in the Palestinian conflict, Turkey has avoided damaging relations with both the West and Israel in the events regarding the issue. Despite siding with Palestine in times of crises between two countries, Turkey has maintained its relations of nearly all dimensions including economic and social interactions with Israel, which is the only non-Muslim state in the region. In this article, it is claimed that the policy of Turkey towards Palestinian conflict has primarily been designated upon a balance between the parts of the question. The study also provides a general projection of the development of relations with Israel, in parallel with the ongoing process of Turkey's position on Palestinian conflict and the fluctuant policy pursued on this issue.Öğe Forest Fire Risk Mapping by using GIS Techniques and AHP Method: A Case Study in Bodrum (Turkey)(2019) Akay, Abdullah Emin; Şahin, HalilIn Turkey, forest areas located along the coastline of the Marmara, the Aegean and the Mediterranean regions are very sensitive to fire. As a result of forest fires, about 10000 hectares of forest area is damaged annually. One of the key elements in firefighting is early detection and quick intervention. In order to achieve this goal, first of all, the forest areas with fire risk should be determined especially for fire sensitive forest areas. The forest fire risk can be evaluated considering various risk factors such as stand structures, topographic factors, proximity to some features (roads, settlements, and water resources), and climatic factors. In this study, GIS techniques and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method was used to produce forest fire risk map for the first degree fire sensitive forest land located in Bodrum province of Muğla in Turkey. The results indicated that 11.83% and 21.98% of the forest area was categorized as very high and high fire risk, respectively, while 22.28% and 25.93% was moderate and low fire risk, respectively. The fire risk was found to be very low at the rest of the study area (17.98%). To compare the fire risk map with actual forest fire occurrences in the study area, it was overlapped with the fire map indicating forest components where previous forest fires (>1.0 ha) occurred in the study area in last five years. It was found that 38.32% of the areas damaged by the previous fires were categorized as high and very high fire risks zones in fire risk map, while 28.44% was moderate fire risk zones. The result showed that tree species was the most effective risk factor, followed by tree stages and proximity to water resources. This study revealed that the combination of GIS techniques and AHP method is very advantageous approach to map forest areas with fire risk in short time.Öğe Nanomaterials with potential EMI shielding properties(2019) Altın, Yasin; Bedeloğlu, AyşeNanomaterials exhibit unexpected superior properties such as electrical, magnetic, optical, etc., compared with bulk materials. In this chapter, electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding properties of different nanomaterials based on metal, metal oxide, ceramic, conductive polymer-modified, and their hybrids are reviewed. The effects of size, shape, structure, and morphology of nanomaterials on EMI shielding properties were also discussed. EMI shielding is mainly realized by three mechanisms, which are absorption, reflection, and multiple reflections. In recent years, academic studies have mostly focused on hybrid nanostructures, which often combine absorption and reflection properties. Meanwhile, an evaluation covering most of the important advancements related to nanomaterials with potential EMI shielding properties is also provided.Öğe Using GIS Techniques for Modeling Noise Propagation from Mechanized Harvesting Equipment(2019) Akay, Abdullah Emin; Acar, H. HulusiThe noise is a kind of environmental pollutions that affects human health and decreases performance of people, education, and home life. Harvesting activities in forestry are one of working environments where noise effect is very intense. Noise is an element of environmental pollution that is effective on human health and needs to be controlled. To evaluate the noise effect, maps of noise propagation are used. The noise map is defined as numerical model of noise sources. The changes in sound level determined by measurements in certain points are shown in noise map. Noise maps are used in calculation of average sound level if it is within acceptable limits and in determination of risky areas where employees are adversely effected. Computer-aided systems have been used in modeling noise propagation in recent years. SPreAD-GIS is free program developed to estimate acoustic effects of anthropogenic noise propagation and adapted to ArcGIS software. In this study, it was aimed to introduce SPreAD-GIS program that can be used to model noise propagation caused by mechanized harvesting equipment. In addition, main factors affecting noise propagation in forest (elevation, land use type, temperature, humidity, wind direction and intensity, climate and weather conditions) were evaluated.Öğe Fault ride-through capability enhancement of hydrogen energy-based distributed generators by using STATCOM with an intelligent control strategy(Elsevier Ltd, 2023-12-25) Bayrak, Gökay; Yılmaz, Alper; Demirci, ErenThis paper presents an intelligent adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference (ANFIS)-based control method for increasing the Fault Ride-Through (FRT) capability of hydrogen energy-based distributed generators. The static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) system is integrated into the modeled power system with the Solid Oxide Fuel Cell system. To investigate the FRT capability of the proposed method, fault scenarios under different grid conditions are generated. The proposed ANFIS-based method is compared with the conventional PI-based STATCOM model and the system without any flexible AC transmission system devices. When the obtained results are analyzed, with the developed intelligent control method, an improvement of at least 8% and a maximum of 12.6% is achieved in the voltage value, depending on the type of failure that occurs. Besides, there is an improvement of at least 10% and at most 16.6% in the settling time values. The voltage fluctuations and sudden peaks in the system with the proposed method are less than in the other systems and it provides voltage support to the system successfully. The transient response of the Solid Oxide Fuel Cell system provides sustainable and stable reactive power support to the grid. Besides, the proposed method not only contributes to the FRT capability of system but also minimizes voltage changes that may reduce the life of the distributed generator or cause it to malfunctionÖğe Evaluation of oxidative stress levels as biomarkers in vitiligo patients(WOLTERS KLUWER MEDKNOW PUBLICATIONS, 2023) İnce, Zeynep; Kutlu, Büşra; Yılmaz, Nazan; Cengiz, Fatma; Güler, ErayObjective: Vitiligo is a skin disease that causes the loss of melanocyte cells, which produce pigment in the skin. There is evidence that oxidative stress plays an important role in vitiligo disease of unknown pathogenesis. Evidence suggests that there is increased oxidative stress in melanocytes in patients with vitiligo. The aim of this study is to investigate oxidative stress markers in patients with vitiligo. Materials and Methods: Blood samples were taken from 23 vitiligo patients and 23 healthy control groups without any disease in Bezmialem Vakif University Hospital Dermatology and Venereal Diseases Outpatient Clinic. Total antioxidant levels (TAS) and total oxidant levels (TOS) were measured photometrically method with blood samples. The oxidative stress index (OSI) was calculated as the TOS to TAS level ratio. Results: When the results of the vitiligo patient group were compared with the control group, TOS and OSI were found to be significantly higher than the control group (P < 0.05). No statistically significant result was found in TAS. Conclusions: Our results show that oxidative stress plays a role in the pathogenesis of vitiligo.Öğe Recovery of Biobutanol from Aqueous Streams by Pervaporation Using Ionic Liquid Based Membranes(SPRINGER HEIDELBERG, 2023) Erdoğan, Derya; Hasanoğlu, AyçaButanol as a biofuel, can be produced by ABE (acetone-butanol-ethanol) fermentation. Pervaporation is a promising process, especially for the separation of biofuels from aqueous mixtures such as ABE mixtures which consists of 3:6:1 ratio of ABE solvents and water around 97%. In this study, ionic liquid-based membranes were developed for the recovery of butanol from aqueous mixtures. The active layer providing the selectivity was formed by using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([bmim][Tf2N]) ionic liquid (IL). Porous polyvinylidenefluoride (PVDF) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) films were used as the support layers. Two different types of membranes were prepared, in which IL was mixed into PDMS and cast as a thin film on the support layer, and IL was impregnated into the pores of the support layers. The effects of feed concentration and temperature on separation performance were investigated. In addition, the membranes were prepared with and without IL, and the effect of IL on membrane performance was investigated. In general, an increase in flux and selectivity values was observed with the addition of IL in PDMS. Butanol selectivities in pervaporation experiments with different process parameters were found between 24.7 and 61.3 when PTFE support layer was used and between 22.5 and 48.6 when PVDF support layer was used. Especially with the use of IL in the membrane, the fluxes increased 2.5-5 times, resulting in a significant increase in fluxes. As a result, it has been shown that PDMS+IL/PVDF and PDMS+IL/PTFE membranes can be used for effective butanol recovery by pervaporation.Öğe Analysis of cyber security knowledge gaps based on cyber security body of knowledge (Sep, 10.1007/s10639-022-11261-8, 2022)(Springer, 2022) Catal, Cagatay; Ozcan, Alper; Donmez, Emrah; Kaşif, AhmetThe correct affiliation of Emrah Donmez is "Department of Software Engineering, Bandirma Onyedi Eylul University, Balikesir, Turkey".The original version has been corrected.Öğe Aesthetics of invisibility in Iranian women's identity and their domestic space during the 1980s(Taylor and Francis, 2022) Golabi, MaryamThis paper investigates the relationship between the gendered identities of Iranian women and their domestic space in the first post-revolutionary decade (1980s) at a time when the influence of Islamic tenets on people's lives was considerably higher than in the previous and subsequent decades. Contributing to feminist geography and providing an understanding of a regional reality, the aim of this article is to elaborate on how the redefined identities and bodies of Iranian women, which were considered central to the representation of the Islamic national identity in Iran during the 1980s, influenced the design and usage patterns of houses at that time. The paper adopts Pierre Bourdieu's conceptual framework related to 'social space' and 'physical space', conceptualizing a house (physical space) as a translated form of social space. The article proposes the concept of the 'aesthetics of invisibility' to comprehend the identity of Iranian women and the domestic space in the 1980s. It uncovers the connection between the invisibility of the female body and domestic space through critical readings of contemporary printed and visual media, and also a study of 30 houses built in Tabriz during the 1980s. The paper reveals that for both Iranian women's bodies and domestic space, their invisibility and seclusion from the public world are equated with aesthetics, which is often interwoven with morality in Iranian society. It shows that the redefinition of the identity of women, their appearance, and the codes of conduct and dress came with modifications to the street facades of houses, and the design, organization and use of interior spaces.Öğe Algae and Their Metabolites as Potential Bio-Pesticides(MDPI, 2022) Asimakis, Elias; Shehata, Awad A.; Eisenreich, Wolfgang; Acheuk, Fatma; Yılmaz, MeteAn increasing human population necessitates more food production, yet current techniques in agriculture, such as chemical pesticide use, have negative impacts on the ecosystems and strong public opposition. Alternatives to synthetic pesticides should be safe for humans, the environment, and be sustainable. Extremely diverse ecological niches and millions of years of competition have shaped the genomes of algae to produce a myriad of substances that may serve humans in various biotechnological areas. Among the thousands of described algal species, only a small number have been investigated for valuable metabolites, yet these revealed the potential of algal metabolites as bio-pesticides. This review focuses on macroalgae and microalgae (including cyanobacteria) and their extracts or purified compounds, that have proven to be effective antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, nematocides, insecticides, herbicides, and plant growth stimulants. Moreover, the mechanisms of action of the majority of these metabolites against plant pests are thoroughly discussed. The available information demonstrated herbicidal activities via inhibition of photosynthesis, antimicrobial activities via induction of plant defense responses, inhibition of quorum sensing and blocking virus entry, and insecticidal activities via neurotoxicity. The discovery of antimetabolites also seems to hold great potential as one recent example showed antimicrobial and herbicidal properties. Algae, especially microalgae, represent a vast untapped resource for discovering novel and safe biopesticide compounds.Öğe A new integrated methodology for constructing linguistic pythagorean fuzzy statements for decision making problems(IOS PRESS, 2022) Işık, Gürkan; Kaya, IhsanAs a combining concept of Pythagorean fuzzy sets (PFSs) and linguistic fuzzy sets (FSs), linguistic PFSs (LPFSs) has been suggested in the literature to deal with the uncertain and inconsistent information in multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) process. The LPFSs based procedure has been built by assuming that the experts make assessments suitable with PFS. It does not provide a mechanism to ensure the suitability of the assessments with theory of PFSs but there are other type of non-standard fuzzy sets such as Neutrosophic sets (NSs) used for modeling with inconsistent information. The main motivation of this study is to offer an assessment collection method to guarantee that the input statements will be Pythagorean fuzzy linguistic expressions. As a second motivation, it is aimed to extend the PFS method for the fuzzy modeling of the other type of decision-making problems apart from MCDM which do not require aggregation and comparison operations and continue with precise fuzzy modeling (PFM). The third motivation of this study is to offer enhancements on the LPFSs method to increase the sensitivity of the modeling while protecting the interpretability. For these purposes, a newmethodology based on LPFSs has been proposed and applied on a decision-making problem in a comparative way.Öğe A Novel Approach for Optimum Planning of Bobbin Boilers in Textile Industry(Ege Universitesi, 2022) Demir, Yunus; İnan, KemalAs in all sectors, the fierce competition in the world affects the textile sector deeply. It is an inevitable necessity for companies to reduce their costs in order to survive while maintaining their profitability. In this study, an applied efficiency study was conducted for the bobbin dyeing process, which is one of the important elements of the textile industry. In the application made in Bursah Tekstil Ltd. Sti., the problem of sequencing the lots waiting to be dyed in the bobbin dye boilers has been discussed. Integer linear model and iterative greedy-based heuristic are proposed to solve the problem. Sequencing made with the developed method resulted in an improvement of 17% in terms of the number of boiler washes and 13% in terms of total tardiness compared to the manual sequencing.
