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Öğe A Thorough Investigation Into the ENF Reconstruction in Videos Exposed by Rolling Shutter(Ieee-Inst Electrical Electronics Engineers Inc, 2023) Vatansever, SaffetIn electric network frequency (ENF)-based video forensics, the analysis of videos captured by rolling shutter systems, where each row of a frame is exposed at different time instances, is critical. To gain the advantage of increased sampling frequency in these videos, in contrast to those captured by the global shutter where an entire frame is exposed at a time, the ENF-related luminance signal that is essential for ENF estimation is built by concatenating ENF-related luminance estimates across consecutive frames. However, this approach brings about some issues or phenomena owing to an idle period at the end of each frame. First, the ENF harmonics may be replaced by new ENF components and attenuated, thereby affecting the reliability of the ENF estimates from these videos. Another critical phenomenon is ENF reversal, which is yet to receive much research. This study comprehensively investigates this phenomenon to explore how and under what conditions the ENF is reversed. Further investigations led this study to examine how the ENF in the emerging components is mainly reconstructed from multiple ENF-related luminance harmonics, depending on the idle period. This helps identify reliable ENF components from which the ENF signal can be accurately estimated. In addition, it reveals the optimal idle periods for any ENF component. Using this outcome, this study also proposes a technique to enhance the effectiveness of an ENF component based on idle period modification. The experimental results show that the proposed method may boost the efficiency of an unreliable ENF component, outperforming the existing techniques.Öğe An alternative assessment for transit-oriented developments (TODs) with land use/land cover (LULC)(Springer, 2023) Yildirim, Yalcin; Akin, AnilCities experience rapid growth, and various drivers shape this growth. Notably, developing countries experience challenges on land use and transportation conflict. The idea of transit-oriented developments (TODs) is a solution for this concern of urbanization while there is no consensus on defining and identifying them. This study concentrated on the dynamics of land use/land cover (LULC) effects on transit-oriented developments (TODs) by utilizing light rail stations from a metropolitan area in Turkey, as this is the first attempt in this geography. Spatial data covers of high-resolution Sentinel 2A remotely sensed data and Google Earth images acquired in 2021. The study performed the analyses within a 500-m light rail train station buffer. The results reveal that TODs include more urbanized, open space, street connection, commercials, and dense population as expected from the TOD concept. Local officials, practitioners, and developers should be involved with the TOD implementation and policy phases to establish tangible developments in urbanization.Öğe An iterated greedy algorithm for the planning of yarn-dyeing boilers(Wiley, 2024) Demir, YunusYarn dyeing is a critical link in the textile production chain that consumes the most time and energy. Today's dyeing shops receive hundreds of demands with thousands of different colors, different due dates, and different production requirements. This situation has made it very difficult for the human brain to create a minimum-cost production plan by complying with the due dates. In this study, a real-life problem of a company operating in the textile industry is discussed and a solution has been developed for the planning of yarn-dyeing boilers. The application was held in Bursali Textile, which is the major towel manufacturer operating in Turkey. The problem dealt with is basically in the nature of the variable-size bin-packing problem (VSBPP). The limited availability of bins (boilers) of different sizes and the packing of the items (yarn work orders) with due date constraints are the original aspects of this study. Multi-objective mixed integer programming model is developed to minimize two objectives. For the solution, the preemptive method called the lexicographic approach, in which the objectives are solved in order, is preferred. As the first objective, the overcapacity usage is minimized and then the second objective, which is the boiler usage cost, is minimized. Given that the VSBPP is strongly NP-hard, an iterated greedy algorithm with two different decoding approaches is proposed. Computational experiments were conducted on 20 randomly generated benchmark instances and a real-world industrial dataset. The numerical results show that good solutions can be obtained in seconds using the proposed approaches.Öğe Linguistic Su-Field engineering: Turkish sentence patterns and TRIZ standard solutions for semantic repair(Emerald Group Publishing Ltd, 2026) Altun, KorayPurposeThis study introduces Linguistic Su-Field Engineering, a TRIZ-based approach for diagnosing and repairing semantic inconsistencies in Turkish sentences. By applying Su-Field logic to natural language, the study proposes a functional bridge between engineering problem solving and linguistic clarity enhancement.Design/methodology/approachTurkish sentences were modeled as functional systems composed of subject (S1), action (F) and object (S2), reflecting Su-Field structures rather than Turkish SOV syntax. Thirty-five linguistic Su-Field patterns were derived from common ambiguity types and paired with relevant TRIZ Standard Solutions. A quasi-experimental study with 20 non-native learners compared comprehension of original versus TRIZ-repaired text passages. Improvements were evaluated using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test.FindingsTRIZ-repaired sentences yielded statistically significant gains in comprehension and perceived clarity. Learners reported that the explicit functional roles and clarified interactions reduced cognitive load and improved interpretability. The results indicate that TRIZ-based semantic repair enhances sentence-level coherence and instructional usefulness.Research limitations/implicationsAlthough evaluated on Turkish, the method is applicable to other morphologically rich and structurally flexible languages, providing a conceptual foundation for future rule-based and interpretable NLP tools.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors knowledge, the study is the first to integrate Su-Field logic into natural language systems, offering a transparent and interpretable mechanism for semantic repair. It extends TRIZ beyond engineering applications toward linguistic analysis and explainable NLP.Öğe QueryTrack: identifying and tracking a person of interest using clothing-based hybrid features(Springer, 2026) Ortac kosun, Gizem; Yilmaz, Seckin; Samli, RuyaLocating and tracking a specific person of interest in a single visual query remains a significant challenge in complex surveillance environments. Current paradigms fall short: generic multi-object trackers suffer from identity loss over time, while existing person search methods, designed for static image galleries, lack robustness against the dynamic complexities of video streams, especially occlusions. This paper introduces QueryTrack, a comprehensive framework designed specifically for this query-based tracking task. The core novelty lies in a powerful re-identification engine that fuses four distinct feature types-HOG, Gabor, Color, and VGG16-into a highly discriminative signature for the target. This signature drives a hybrid tracking algorithm that synergizes motion prediction and visual tracking to maintain identity continuity. Furthermore, we propose a new post-occlusion recovery technique to handle long-term disappearances. Experimental evaluations validate our method's superior performance, achieving F1 scores of 97.20%\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$97.20\%$$\end{document} in crowded scenarios and 96.35%\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$96.35\%$$\end{document} with minimal occlusion, confirming its significant contribution to accurate and persistent person tracking under realistic conditions. Additionally, we provide a transparent computational cost analysis, confirming the system's viability for offline forensic investigation where accuracy is paramount.Öğe ON THE CONSTRUCTION OF T-NORMS (T-CONORMS) BY USING INTERIOR (CLOSURE) OPERATOR ON BOUNDED LATTICES(Kybernetika, 2022) As, EmelRecently, the topic of construction methods for triangular norms (triangular conorms), uni-norms, nullnorms, etc. has been studied widely. In this paper, we propose construction methods for triangular norms (t-norms) and triangular conorms (t-conorms) on bounded lattices by us-ing interior and closure operators, respectively. Thus, we obtain some proposed methods given by Ertugrul, Kara,cal, Mesiar [15] and C,ayli [8] as results. Also, we give some illustrative ex-amples. Finally, we conclude that the introduced construction methods can not be generalized by induction to a modified ordinal sum for t-norms and t-conorms on bounded lattices.Öğe Removal of acetic acid from aqueous post-fermentation streams and fermented beverages using membrane contactors(Wiley, 2022) Kaya, Ezgi; Hasanoglu, AycaBACKGROUND: The removal of volatile organic acids from aqueous post-fermentation wastewater streams and spoiled fermented liquid food was investigated using hollow-fiber membrane contactors. Acetic acid, being the most common volatile acid in post-fermentation products, was used to prepare acidic feed solutions. 1200-4000 ppm of aqueous acetic acid solutions with and without ethanol were prepared to assess the acid removal. Aqueous acetic acid solutions were used as model wastewater, while ethanol was included in the feed solutions to simulate the fermented beverages. Furthermore, the experiments were carried out using real spoiled wine to remove the excess acid. The feed solution was circulated through the shell side of the membrane contactor, while a reactive stripping solution of NaOH was circulated on the lumen side. Thus the acetic acid was transferred to the stripping solution by chemical absorption. RESULTS: The effect of several process parameters including feed and stripping solution concentrations, temperature and solution flow rates on acid removal rate was investigated. Temperature had the most important effect on mass transfer. Experiments showed that acetic acid can be removed from aqueous solutions and recovered in the stripping phase efficiently. Up to 86% of the acetic acid could be removed from the feed solution. CONCLUSION: This process is found to be effective for volatile organic acid removal from both industrial aqueous post-fermentation waste streams and spoiled fermented liquid food. The theoretical model developed for the acetic acid transfer allows a flexible and predictable design of the system for further scale-up studies. (c) 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).Öğe A green approach to the development of novel antibacterial cinnamon oil loaded-PVA/egg white foams via Pickering emulsions(Springer, 2023) Parin, Fatma NurCinnamon essential oil (CEO) has a low water solubility as a bioactive antibacterial agent with a good fragrance. Pickering emulsion template approach was presented for producing the wound dressing to enhance CEO loading in water-based polymer foams. In this scope, beta- cyclodextrin/cinnamon oil (beta-CD/CEO) inclusion complexes have been utilized as an emulsion stabilizer, whereas CEO and Polyvinyl alcohol/egg white (PVA/EW) polymer blends have been used as an internal and outer phase, respectively. The amounts of the beta-CD/CEO inclusion complexes were introduced into the PVA/EW foams at four different ratios (1.5, 3, 4.5, and 6) and their microstructural, optic, physical, swelling, hydrolytic degradation, and hydrophilicity properties were studied. SEM micrographs showed all PVA/EW/CEO foams open and close cell morphologies, while the stereo-microscope showed foams containing in the ratio of beta-CD/CEO 1: 6 have a porous surface without shrinkage on its surface. The existence of beta-CD/CEO inclusion complexes and physical interaction between polymer matrixes and the inclusion complexes confirmed by FT-IR spectroscopy. Moreover, the obtained foams have ideal hydrophilicity compatible with the skin with contact angle values ranging from 62.5 & DEG; & PLUSMN; 3.1 & DEG; to 70 & DEG; & PLUSMN; 3.5 & DEG;. Hydrolytic degradation of the foams decreased as the amount of CEO increased, and the values of more than 80% was seen in the foams at the end of 28 days. Even if CEO volatilized during the process, CEO-loaded PVA/EW foams indicated good antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria with 10-20 mm zone inhibition values. Consequently, the produced PVA/EW/CEO polymer foams with Pickering emulsion approach demonstrated promising results for wound dressings.Öğe Design, finite element analysis, fabrication and electroacoustic characterization of transducer arrays from piezoceramics with hollow cylindrical shell form(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2022) Boz, Muhammet; Kaya, Mustafa Yunus; Ozdemir, Omer; Alkoy, SedatElectroacoustic transducers arrays operating in the 50-100 kHz frequency range are currently being investigated for underwater applications such as target detection transducers installed on underwater autonomous vehicles (UAV) and detection of underwater intruders to protect and secure economically and strategically critical coastal areas and facilities. However, the frequency range is such that it prevents the use of monolithic piezoceramics operating in the thickness mode due to the unacceptably high voltages that are required to drive them. Whereas the alternative such as Langevin-type transducer solutions have certain other assembly difficulties that arise due to the size limitations imposed on the transducer from the half-wavelength (lambda/2) arrangement requirement of the units. In our study, an entirely new alternative was proposed to overcome these difficulties. A piezoceramic transducer constructed from a hollow cylindrical shell form poled in the radial direction was designed and developed to operate at the longitudinal length extension mode. Since the hollow cylindrical piezoceramics were designed and produced with one end closed, this closed end was used as a passive cap with the transducer operating in a piston mode. ATILA finite element analysis code was used to design, analyze and fine-tune the dimensional requirements of the transducer. The center frequency of the transducer was fixed to 70 kHz. Commercial lead zirconate titanate (PZT) composition with hard piezoelectric character (PZT-4) was used as the starting powder. The slip casting method was used to obtain the cylindrical shell form. Single element transducers, as well as a hexagonal close-packed array consisting of seven units and arranged with a distance of half-wavelength (lambda/2) to obtain constructive interference at 70 kHz were constructed and tested for underwater electroacoustic performance.Öğe A GIS-based FAHP and FEDAS analysis framework for suitable site selection of a hybrid offshore wind and solar power plant(Elsevier, 2023) Karipoglu, Fatih; Ozturk, Samet; Efe, BurakThis study presents a Geographic Information System (GIS) based suitable site selection methodology for a hybrid system that includes offshore wind and solar PV. The methodology utilizes open source databases about decision criteria and applies this data using GIS to determine suitable sites for offshore wind and solar PV systems. For the assessment of multi-criteria which affect the potential hybrid energy power plants and the determination of the best suitable areas, Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (FAHP) and Fuzzy Evaluation based on Distance Average Solution (FEDAS) are used in the study. Results show that technical criteria has the priority weight of 0.60 while the weight of social criteria is about 0.07. Among sub-criteria, the wind speed has the highest priority weight while distance to port and visibility are the highest criteria of priority weight under economic and social main criteria, respectively. Among the alternatives, Area 2 (A-2) is determined as the best alternative for hybrid offshore power plants in the study area. This proposed methodology can be utilized by decision-makers to determine the best suitable locations for hybrid offshore wind and solar PV systems at any location. This paper suggests a new approach integrating GIS, fuzzy setbased AHP and EDAS as a novelty.Öğe Exergetic performance analysis and comparison of oxy-combustion and conventional gas turbine power cycles(Yildiz Technical Univ, 2023) Ozsari, Ibrahim; Ust, Yasin; Karakurt, Asim SinanOxy-combustion technologies are green energy systems and an impressive solution to climate change and global warming. This study presents a detailed exergy analysis obtained for oxy-combustion power systems in comparison with a conventional gas turbine power system. The results include net power, overal thermal efficiency, exergy destruction, exergy efficiency, power density, exergetic performance coefficient (EPC), ecological performance coefficient (ECOP), effective ecological power density (EFECPOD), and mean exergy density (MED), and cost of power density (COPD), which are calculated as functions of pressure and oxygen ratios. The conventional gas turbine power system obtained a pressure ratio for maximum net power of 20.8. Similarly, oxy-combustion power cycles at 26%, 28%, and 30% oxygen ratios have respective pressure ratios for maximum net power of 23.3, 27.4, and 29.7. Results from 24%-30% oxygen ratios are displayed to show the reactant oxygen's effect on the oxy-combustion power cycles. Increases in the pressure ratio show decreases in the total exergy destruction in both the conventional gas turbine power system and the oxy-combustion power systems. Meanwhile, increases in the pressure ratio show increases in the total efficiency, power density, exergy efficiency, EPC, EFFECPOD, and MED in both the conventional gas turbine and the oxy-combustion power systems. In addition, increases in the oxygen ratio in the oxy-combustion power systems show different characteristics for these parameters based on the pressure ratio of the cycle. In terms of COPD, conventional gas turbine power systems are more advantageous than oxy-combustion power systems. Optimum COPD is obtained at a pressure ratio of 25.6.Öğe A survey of the maximal and the minimal nullity in terms of omega invariant on graphs(Sciendo, 2023) Oz, Mert Sinan; Cangul, Ismail NaciLet G = (V, E) be a simple graph with n vertices and m edges. nu(G) and c(G) = m - n + theta be the matching number and cyclomatic number of G, where theta is the number of connected components of G, respectively. Wang and Wong in [18] provided formulae for the upper and the lower bounds of the nullity eta(G) of G as eta(G) = n - 2 nu(G) + 2c(G) and eta(G) = n - 2 nu(G) - c(G), respectively. In this paper, we restate the upper and the lower bounds of nullity eta(G) of G utilizing omega invariant and inherently vertex degrees of G. Also, in the case of the maximal and the minimal nullity conditions are satisfied for G, we present both two main inequalities and many inequalities in terms of Omega invariant, analogously cyclomatic number, number of connected components and vertex degrees of G.Öğe Comprehensive survey of the solving puzzle problems(Elsevier, 2023) Yilmaz, Seckin; Nabiyev, Vasif V.Solving puzzle problems using computer-aided methods is becoming more common with applications in forensic science, restoration, banking system, and multimedia. However, only a few surveys have been published on this topic, the most recent being more than a decade old. The scope of 2D puzzle problems is extensive, and the number of computer-aided methods has increased in recent years. In this paper, we have presented a comprehensive survey to pave a roadmap for researchers dealing with puzzle problems. This study classifies 2D puzzle problems in a novel way, considering many examples such as dissection, combinatorial and double-sided puzzles and reclassifies computer-aided methods to cover the studies carried out in recent years. Various strategies (pre-grouping and global consistency approach) have been investigated to solve the puzzle problem effectively. The computer-aided methods have been examined deeply, including many recent methods related to squared jigsaw puzzles, torn photographs, banknotes, and fragmented documents, and they are compared to each other. In addition, new topics such as combining mosaic pieces and Islamic architectural motif puzzle problems have been proposed to the interest of researchers. In conclusion, our study shows many research opportunities that are not yet solved by any computer-aided method. (c) 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Öğe Comparative evaluation and selection of submarines with air-independent propulsion system(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2022) Bashan, VeysiConventional submarines produced to date can be more easily detected and exposed to attacks due to their visible, infrared, and radar signatures. Diesel-electric submarines need to come to a close surface at certain time intervals to charge their batteries and power their diesel generators with snorting systems. This situation causes submarines to face threats from land, sea, and air war elements. In order to reduce these threats, it is clear that there is a need for an innovative system in which the need for submarines to the surface is minimized and the timing of emergence is more flexible. To ensure this situation, airindependent propulsion systems have come to the fore from past to present and have gained more and more strategic importance. These air-independent systems significantly improve silent underwater time, and maneuverability and greatly contribute to maintaining the submarine's military stealth strategy. In this context, in this study, six different power system alternatives used as air-independent propulsion (AIP) submarine systems were evaluated, their advantages and disadvantages were compared, and alternatives were sorted by five experts in terms of nine important technical and economic criteria with the fuzzy VIKOR method. It has been seen that the propulsion power with the fuel cell system comes to the fore. The choice of a high power density fuel cell system for a submarine AIP system can allow for superior underwater range and durability and a minimal rate of instability and thermal signature than would be achievable from any heat engine. This will greatly expand the strategic advantage of AIP submarines. In this respect, this article can be a guide in understanding the critical technical features of submarines and in deciding between alternatives in submarine system selection. (C) 2022 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe CONVERGENCE THEOREMS IN ORLICZ AND BOGEL CONTINUOUS FUNCTIONS SPACES BY MEANS OF KANTOROVICH DISCRETE TYPE SAMPLING OPERATORS(Amer Inst Mathematical Sciences-Aims, 2023) Ayan, Serkan; Ispir, NurhayatIn this study, we prove the convergence theorems on the space of compactly supported functions and in the general setting of Orlicz spaces for a general class of Kantorovich type discrete operators defined by Carlo Bardaro and Ilaria Mantellini. We also define the generalized Boolean sum (GBS) operator for the class of bivariate Kantorovich type discrete operators and examine the approximation properties of GBS operators in the space of Bogel functions.Öğe Sociopetality or sociofugality? The effects of post-pandemic on public open space(Palgrave Macmillan Ltd, 2023) Ersoz, Nazli Deniz; Yildirim, YalcinTo reduce the virus spread during the COVID-19, new norms of daily life were adopted. With urban design strategies characterizing one such norm, public spaces experienced transformations. This study examines the post-pandemic public space uc Fidan Park in Bursa, Turkey. The study performed a mixed-methods research, including 40 visits to observe behaviors in the selected public spaces in the park during the pandemic. To enforce social distancing, new spatial behavior typologies, i.e., using additional equipment or just the human body itself, were recorded.Öğe Establishing reduced thermal mathematical model (RTMM) for a space equipment: an integrative review(Emerald Group Publishing Ltd, 2022) Akbulut, Mustafa; Ertas, Ahmet H.Purpose The purpose of this study is to, first, provide an overview of the previously conducted works related to thermal analysis of space equipment, including battery packages, especially lithium (Li)-ion ones. Second, the need for a reduced thermal mathematical model (RTMM) and a procedure devising it is defined. Finally, an experimental steady-state temperature distribution test is conducted to finalize the RTMM study. Design/methodology/approach This study was carried out as part of a development project for thermal analysis of Li-ion battery packages used in a space equipment. The study presents certain stages of the design of the battery pack in parallel with battery technology development. Following a literature review, a numerical thermal analysis is conducted; then interface thermal conductance values are found out by means of the first law of thermodynamics; and the study is completed with the help of an experimental test. Findings The study provides key aspects for a successful battery-package thermal design for a space equipment. Additionally, the study summarizes the experimental results used in the RTMM process and the computed thermal conductance values between node couples. Practical implications Thermal analysis is important and vital in space equipment considering their harsh working conditions and environments. Hence, the study provides a RTMM for the thermal analysis of Li-ion battery packages, instead of a full finite element model, to save computational time and CPU usage. The findings are supported by experimental results. Hence, presented details can be used as guidelines for enterprises having a goal of battery package technology achievement, including design and manufacturing. Originality/value After providing a literature review of studies conducted on satellite subsystems including Li-ion batteries, this study presents a clear, complete and verified process of a RTMM for a Li-ion battery package in aero/space structures design. It presents details of building up a model and calculation methodology through an iterative procedure in which an optimization algorithm known as particle swarm optimization (PSO) was benefitted. In the RTMM, additionally, experimental temperature distributions obtained through thermal vacuum test were presented. It has been shown that the model can be used reliably in designing space equipments.Öğe Intermediate Role of Presenteeism in Relationship Between Organizational Stress and Organizational Silence: A Research on Forest Industry Employees(Zagreb Univ, Fac Forestry, 2023) Ersen, Nadir; Usta, Ugur Can; Bayram, Bahadir Cagri; Akyuz, IlkerBULL; The purpose of this study is to investigate the mediating role of presenteeism in the relationship between organizational stress and organizational silence of 305 forest products employees in Istanbul and Ko-caeli, Turkey. According to our literature review, although some important studies about presenteeism, stress, and silence can be found, this study is the first to explore the mediating role of presenteeism in the relationship between organizational stress and organizational silence in forest products sector. The research was designed as a field study and conducted using a questionnaire. The questionnaire involved forest industry employees' demographic data, Organizational Stress Scale, Organizational Silence Scale, and Stanford Presenteeism Scale. Data were analyzed in SPSS and AMOS, incorporating statistical tests such as exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, correlation analysis, and structural equation modeling. Results of the analyzed data showed that presenteeism had a significant moderating effect on the relationship between organizational stress and organizational silence. Moreover, organizational stress had a positive effect on presenteeism, while organizational silence had a negative effect. Organizational stress had no effect on organizational silence. Therefore, managers should develop strate-gies for coping with stress to reduce presenteeism behavior of their employees and identify organizational stress factors causing organizational silence.Öğe Does play-based experience provide for inclusiveness? A case study of multi-dimensional indicators(Springer, 2022) Yildirim, Yalcin; Keshavarzi, Golnaz; Aman, Amanda R.Playgrounds are not only for play and fun; they are places that offer diverse experiences for all groups of children. Outdoor playgrounds have been studied as an element of public space for their ability to offer an array of amenities and attributes. In addition to design and planning aspects, inclusiveness is a vital attribute of playgrounds. Inclusiveness within playgrounds provides accessibility for all children regardless of age, gender, and ethnicity, as both physical and social access are considered. Given the rapidly changing global agenda affected dramatically by the COVID-19 pandemic and Black Lives Matter movement, playgrounds have gained even more attention and the importance of inclusiveness has become more prevalent. This study examined the inclusiveness of play-based experiences within a playground in San Antonio, Texas, using mixed methods. The study utilized observational methods, behavior mapping, secondary data for spatial mapping, and a survey conducted in order to understand the perception of playground users. This study evaluated the inclusiveness of the playground and analyzed social and physical accessibility relative to the playground by assessing the diversity of users in terms of age, gender, ethnicity, and disability. The findings of this study show that there is a need for additional studies yielding proposed improvements revolving around playground inclusivity. The study results show that urban designers, urban planners, and policymakers need to collaborate in order to create opportunities that work to eliminate social and physical disparities and that ultimately enhance inclusiveness in playgrounds.Öğe Predicting main engine power and emissions for container, cargo, and tanker ships with artificial neural network analysis(Univ Zagreb Fac Mechanical Engineering & Naval Architecture, 2023) Ozsari, IbrahimThe most significant aspect of international shipping is sea transportation, and the developments to be made in maritime transport will inspire and predict all other fields. Therefore, determining a ship's main engine power has great importance in terms of both energy efficiency and environmental factors. The maritime transport and shipping industry has currently begun to understand the importance of artificial intelligence technology. This study uses an artificial neural network (ANN) model to predict the main engine power and pollutant emissions of container, cargo, and tanker ships over 14 parameters: maximum speed, average speed, breadth, year built, ship type, status, length overall (LOA), light displacement, summer displacement, fuel type, deadweight tonnage (DWT), gross tonnage, engine cylinder size, and engine stroke length. In order to provide accurate results, the ANN analysis was trained with data from 3,020 ships, which is quite high compared to the studies in the literature. Many ANN models have been developed and compared to achieve minimal errors and highest accuracy in the results. The regression values, which involve the training, validation, and test values for the different ship types, were obtained as 0.99773 for container ships, 0.98964 for cargo ships, and 0.97755 for tanker ships, with a value of 0.97189 for all ships. The ANN structure was tested using many variations for hidden neuron counts, with the ANN analysis made with 30 neurons obtaining the best results. The ANN analysis results were compared with real values, which showed that very accurate results had been obtained according to the mean squared error (MSE), regression, and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) results. The MSE value had exceeded 20,000 in the two-input ANN model, but decreased to 0.03, 0.081, and 0.13 with the 14-input model for container, cargo, and tanker ships, respectively. In order to make accurate predictions with maximum precision in the ANN analyses, the study attempted to use different values for the numbers of hidden neurons and inputs and then presented the performance results. The developed model can be used in future studies to be done on fuel consumption and energy efficiency for ships in maritime transport.
