Controlling unequal surface energy results caused by test liquids: the case of UV/O3 Treated PET

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dc.authorid0000-0002-9937-2124
dc.contributor.authorAltay, Bilge Nazli
dc.contributor.authorFleming, Paul D.
dc.contributor.authorRahman, Md Arifur
dc.contributor.authorPekarovicova, Alexandra
dc.contributor.authorMyers, Bruce
dc.contributor.authorAydemir, Cem
dc.contributor.authorKarademir, Arif
dc.date.accessioned2026-02-12T21:05:07Z
dc.date.available2026-02-12T21:05:07Z
dc.date.issued2022
dc.departmentBursa Teknik Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractUltraviolet/ozone (UV/O-3) treatment has been reported to be an effective method to modify properties such as wettability, adhesion or adsorption of plastic surfaces. The change in the surface is measured by contact angle analysis, which employs liquids and their surface tensions (ST) to estimate the surface energy (SE). We found two different practices in the scientific community: (1) the majority of researchers adopted the ST value of liquids from the literature, while (2) other researchers conducted real-time measurements in the lab under ambient conditions prior to SE estimation. To the best of our knowledge, there is no study that compares the difference between the two practices. One study was found to show different SE methods generating unequal SE values for the same substrate. However, there was no definitive conclusion backed by general thermodynamics rules. In this study, we presented (1) a statistical significance test that showed the literature and experimental ST values are significantly different, and studied (2) the effect of different liquid pairs on the SE estimation for UV/O-3 treated poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) substrate. Modification techniques such as atmospheric pressure plasma or chemical modification were studied previously to examine PET's wettability and the SE. The UV/O-3 treatment was studied to improve adhesion and to modify its chemical properties for adsorption. In contrast, we studied (3) the effect of UV/O-3 on wettability at different timeframes and addressed (4) how to control unequal SE based on a method that was refined on a rigorous thermodynamic three-phase system. It must be noted that this method can be generalized to other types of solid surfaces to estimate thermodynamically self-consistent SE values. This work also provides (5) a web-based calculator that complements computational findings available to the readership in the data availability section.
dc.description.sponsorshipScientific and Technological Research Council of Turkiye (TUBITAK); Flexographic Technical Association's Rossini North America Research Scholarship
dc.description.sponsorshipThis work was supported in part by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkiye (TUBITAK) under the 2214-A program and Flexographic Technical Association's Rossini North America Research Scholarship.
dc.identifier.doi10.1038/s41598-022-10816-6
dc.identifier.issn2045-2322
dc.identifier.issue1
dc.identifier.pmid35474087
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85128941382
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-10816-6
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12885/6804
dc.identifier.volume12
dc.identifier.wosWOS:000787775900052
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ2
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMed
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherNature Portfolio
dc.relation.ispartofScientific Reports
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.snmzKA_WoS_20260212
dc.subjectContact-Angle Measurements
dc.subjectVan-Der-Waals
dc.subjectInterfacial-Tensions
dc.subjectWettability
dc.subjectFilms
dc.subjectPolypropylene
dc.subjectAdhesion
dc.subjectForces
dc.subjectPolar
dc.subjectPerformance
dc.titleControlling unequal surface energy results caused by test liquids: the case of UV/O3 Treated PET
dc.typeArticle

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