Diplodia Tip Blight on Its Way to the North: Drivers of Disease Emergence in Northern Europe

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dc.authorid0000-0002-0367-0849en_US
dc.contributor.authorBrodde, Laura
dc.contributor.authorAdamson, Kalev
dc.contributor.authorJulio Camarero, J.
dc.contributor.authorCastano, Carles
dc.contributor.authorDrenkhan, Rein
dc.contributor.authorLehtijaervi, Asko Tapio
dc.date.accessioned2021-03-20T20:12:44Z
dc.date.available2021-03-20T20:12:44Z
dc.date.issued2019
dc.departmentBTÜ, Orman Fakültesi, Orman Mühendisliği Bölümüen_US
dc.description.abstractDisease emergence in northern and boreal forests has been mostly due to tree-pathogen encounters lacking a co-evolutionary past. However, outbreaks involving novel interactions of the host or the pathogen with the environment have been less well documented. Following an increase of records in Northern Europe, the first large outbreak of Diplodia sapinea on Pinus sylvastris was discovered in Sweden in 2016. By reconstructing the development of the epidemic, we found that the attacks started approx. 10 years back from several isolated trees in the stand and ended up affecting almost 90% of the trees in 2016. Limited damage was observed in other plantations in the surroundings of the affected stand, pointing to a new introduced pathogen as the cause of the outbreak. Nevertheless, no genetic differences based on SSR markers were found between isolates of the outbreak area and other Swedish isolates predating the outbreak or from other populations in Europe and Asia Minor. On a temporal scale, we saw that warm May and June temperatures were associated with higher damage and low tree growth, while cold and rainy conditions seemed to favor growth and deter disease. At a spatial scale, we saw that spread occurred predominantly in the SW aspect-area of the stand. Within that area and based on tree-ring and isotope (delta C-13) analyses, we saw that disease occurred on trees that over the years had shown a lower water-use efficiency (WUE). Spore traps showed that highly infected trees were those producing the largest amount of inoculum. D. sapinea impaired latewood growth and reduced C reserves in needles and branches. D. sapinea attacks can cause serious economic damage by killing new shoots, disrupting the crown, and affecting the quality of stems. Our results show that D. sapinea has no limitations in becoming a serious pathogen in Northern Europe. Management should focus on reducing inoculum, especially since climate change may bring more favorable conditions for this pathogen. Seedlings for planting should be carefully inspected as D. sapinea may be present in a latent stage in asymptomatic tissues.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipSwedish Research Council FORMASSwedish Research CouncilSwedish Research Council Formas [2016-02021, 215-2012-1255]; Estonian Science Foundation [PSG136, IUT21-04]; Suleyman Demirel UniversitySuleyman Demirel University [BAP 3826-YL1-13]; Turkish Scientific Council (TUBITAK - TOVAG Project) [114O138]en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipThis research was partly funded by the grants 2016-02021 and 215-2012-1255 from the Swedish Research Council FORMAS and by the Estonian Science Foundation grants PSG136 and IUT21-04. Financial support for SO by Suleyman Demirel University (grant BAP 3826-YL1-13) and Turkish Scientific Council (TUBITAK - TOVAG Project No: 114O138) is gratefully acknowledged.Hen_US
dc.identifier.doi10.3389/fpls.2018.01818en_US
dc.identifier.issn1664-462X
dc.identifier.pmid30687338en_US
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2018.01818
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12885/682
dc.identifier.volume9en_US
dc.identifier.wosWOS:000455304700001en_US
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ1en_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Scienceen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopusen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMeden_US
dc.institutionauthorLehtijaervi, Asko Tapio
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherFrontiers Media Saen_US
dc.relation.ispartofFrontiers In Plant Scienceen_US
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanıen_US
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessen_US
dc.subjectcarbon isotopesen_US
dc.subjectdendroecologyen_US
dc.subjectwater-use efficiencyen_US
dc.subjectlatewooden_US
dc.subjectearlywooden_US
dc.subjectvascular wilt pathogenen_US
dc.titleDiplodia Tip Blight on Its Way to the North: Drivers of Disease Emergence in Northern Europeen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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