Gaseous elemental mercury emissions from informal E-Waste recycling facilities in Pakistan

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dc.authorid0000-0001-7163-2679
dc.authorid0000-0002-7718-0340
dc.authorid0000-0002-8008-750X
dc.authorid0000-0001-7108-9776
dc.contributor.authorKazim, Mureed
dc.contributor.authorSyed, Jabir Hussain
dc.contributor.authorKurt-Karakus, Perihan Binnur
dc.contributor.authorAkcetin, Merve Ozkaleli
dc.contributor.authorAkram, Sumaira
dc.contributor.authorBirgul, Askin
dc.contributor.authorWania, Frank
dc.date.accessioned2026-02-12T21:04:58Z
dc.date.available2026-02-12T21:04:58Z
dc.date.issued2023
dc.departmentBursa Teknik Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractDetrimental effects of mercury (Hg) on ecosystems and human health have been well-documented. Whereas emissions of gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) from e-waste recycling have been reported in developed countries, much less is known about the situation in the Global South. Using a total of 132 passive air samplers, seasonally resolved concentrations of GEM in air were measured continuously at 32 informal e-waste recycling facilities and background location in Pakistan for a period of one year between September 2020 and December 2021. Annual average GEM concentrations at the studied locations ranged from 1.8 to 92 ng m- 3. Among the studied cities, higher concentrations were measured in Karachi (mean +/- s.d: 17 +/- 22, range: 4.2-92 ng m-3), Lahore (16 +/- 4.2, 8.2-22 ng m-3) and Peshawar (15 +/- 17, 4.9-80 ng m-3), while lower levels were measured in Hyderabad (6.9 +/- 6.2, 3.1-25 ng m-3), consistent with a higher rate of informal recycling activities in metropolitan areas. Seasonally, higher GEM levels occurred during autumn (15 +/- 16: 3.3-92 ng m-3) and summer (13 +/- 8.7: 1.8-80 ng m-3) than in winter (12 +/- 8.4: 2.5-49 ng m-3) and spring (9.2 +/- 7.3: 1.8-80 ng m-3), possibly reflecting enhanced volatilization at higher temperatures and/or varying magnitude of recycling operations in different seasons. Policies and strict regulations related to e-waste management should be developed and implemented urgently in the country.
dc.description.sponsorshipPakistan Science Foundation (PSF) [PSF-TUBITAK/Env/C-COMSATS-Isb (14)]
dc.description.sponsorshipThe work has been supported by Pakistan Science Foundation (PSF) #PSF-TUBITAK/Env/C-COMSATS-Isb (14) .
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.wasman.2023.09.014
dc.identifier.endpage269
dc.identifier.issn0956-053X
dc.identifier.issn1879-2456
dc.identifier.pmid37729843
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85171611198
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1
dc.identifier.startpage261
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2023.09.014
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12885/6744
dc.identifier.volume170
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001149795000001
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ1
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMed
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherPergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd
dc.relation.ispartofWaste Management
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
dc.snmzKA_WoS_20260212
dc.subjectGEM
dc.subjectE-waste
dc.subjectInformal recycling
dc.subjectPassive sampling
dc.subjectSpatio-temporal variations
dc.titleGaseous elemental mercury emissions from informal E-Waste recycling facilities in Pakistan
dc.typeArticle

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