Organophosphate esters in house dust: A comparative study between Canada, Turkey and Egypt

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dc.authorid0000-0001-6737-3475en_US
dc.contributor.authorShoeib, Tamer
dc.contributor.authorWebster, Glenys M.
dc.contributor.authorHassan, Yasmeen
dc.contributor.authorTepe, Sedef
dc.contributor.authorYalcin, Melis
dc.contributor.authorKurt Karakuş, Perihan Binnur
dc.date.accessioned2021-03-20T20:12:42Z
dc.date.available2021-03-20T20:12:42Z
dc.date.issued2019
dc.departmentBTÜ, Mühendislik ve Doğa Bilimleri Fakültesi, Çevre Mühendisliği Bölümüen_US
dc.description.abstractOrganophosphate esters (OPEs) are commonly used as flame retardants (FRs) and plasticizers. The usage of OPEs has increased recently due to the ban of several brominated flame retardants, but information on levels in the environment, including the indoor environment is still limited. We investigated the occurrence and distribution of 12 OPEs in urban house dust from Vancouver, Canada; Istanbul, Turkey; and Cairo, Egypt. The medianSOPE concentration was 41.4 mu g/g in the Vancouver samples while median levels in Istanbul and Cairo were significantly lower. The median composition profiles of OPEs in Vancouver and Cairo were dominated by tris (2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBOEP), accounting for 56 and 92% of total OPEs respectively while it showed a detection frequency of only 14% in Istanbul. Tris (2-chloropropyl) phosphate (TCPP) was the most abundant chlorinated OPE representing 20 and 36% of the total OPEs in Vancouver and Istanbul respectively, but was below the detection limit in the Cairo dust samples. Consistent with other studies, SOPE concentrations were similar to 1 to 2 orders of magnitude higher than PBDEs and currently used flame retardants in the same dust samples. The mean estimated daily intakes (EDI) of SOPE from dust were 115, 38 and 9 ng/kg/bw/day in Vancouver, Cairo and Istanbul respectively for toddlers where adults were similar to 10 times lower. The total toddler OPE intake ranged from 115 to 2900, 38 to 845 and from9 to 240 ng/kg bw/day across the three cities. TBOEP had the largest contribution to the EDI in both toddler and adults, where toddler TBOEP exposures via dust represented 4% to 80%, 2% to 44% and 0.1% to 6% of the Reference Doses (RfD) in the mean and high intake scenarios for toddlers in Vancouver, Cairo and Istanbul respectively. Crown Copyright (C) 2018 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipHealth Canada; Environment Canada's Chemicals Management Plan (CMP); Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK)Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [114Y268]; graduate student grant by the American University in Cairoen_US
dc.description.sponsorshipWe thank all study participants and students involved in sample collection and extraction. This work was funded by Health Canada and Environment Canada's Chemicals Management Plan (CMP). Collection and analysis of dust samples in Turkey was funded by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) under the Grant#114Y268. The work was also partially funded by a graduate student grant provided by the American University in Cairo. The authors thank the Air Quality Research Division of Environment Canada for hosting Ms. Hassan and Dr. Mahiba Shoeib of the same Section for numerous fruitful discussions.en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.407en_US
dc.identifier.endpage201en_US
dc.identifier.issn0048-9697
dc.identifier.issn1879-1026
dc.identifier.pmid30196219en_US
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1en_US
dc.identifier.startpage193en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.407
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12885/670
dc.identifier.volume650en_US
dc.identifier.wosWOS:000447092700021en_US
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ1en_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Scienceen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopusen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMeden_US
dc.institutionauthorKurt Karakuş, Perihan Binnur
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherElsevier Science Bven_US
dc.relation.ispartofScience Of The Total Environmenten_US
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanıen_US
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessen_US
dc.subjectOrganophosphate estersen_US
dc.subjectHouse dusten_US
dc.subjectExposureen_US
dc.titleOrganophosphate esters in house dust: A comparative study between Canada, Turkey and Egypten_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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