Heavy Metal Accumulation and Human Health Risk in Mediterranean Mussels from the Southern Marmara Sea, Türkiye
Küçük Resim Yok
Tarih
2025
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Mdpi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
This study evaluated the accumulation of heavy metals (As, Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb, and Zn) in Mediterranean mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) collected from five coastal stations (K & uuml;& ccedil;& uuml;kkumla, Kur & scedil;unlu, G & uuml;zelyal & imath;, Mudanya, and Zeytinba & gbreve;& imath;; n = 20 mussels per station; composited into one sample per site) along the southern coast of the Marmara Sea (Bursa, T & uuml;rkiye), and assessed the associated potential health risks. Analyses using ICP-OES revealed spatial variations in metal concentrations among stations. Statistical analyses (p < 0.05) showed no significant differences in As levels, whereas Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb, and Zn concentrations differed significantly. Mudanya exhibited the highest levels of Zn and Hg, while Cd was particularly elevated in Mudanya and G & uuml;zelyal & imath;. Kur & scedil;unlu showed the highest Cu concentrations, and K & uuml;& ccedil;& uuml;kkumla had the highest Pb levels. Human health risk assessments for the adult population (EDI, EWI, THQ, HI) were all below 1.0, indicating no appreciable non-carcinogenic risk under the assumed adult dietary exposure scenario, based on internationally recognized toxicological reference values (FAO/WHO, JECFA, and EC Regulation 1881/2006). However, relatively higher HI values in Mudanya (0.695) and K & uuml;& ccedil;& uuml;kkumla (0.646) suggest the need for closer monitoring. Overall, the findings demonstrate that mussels serve as effective bioindicators of coastal metal contamination in the southern Marmara Sea and underscore the importance of continuous biomonitoring to safeguard both ecosystem and public health.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Bursa, heavy metals, health risks assessment, Marmara Sea, Mytilus galloprovincialis, toxics
Kaynak
Toxics
WoS Q Değeri
Q1
Scopus Q Değeri
Q1
Cilt
13
Sayı
12
