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Öğe Examination of Substrate Specificity of the First Adenylation Domain in mcyA Module Involved in Microcystin Biosynthesis(Pamukkale University, 2020) Yaman, Gözde; Yılmaz, MeteThe cyanotoxin microcystin (MC) is a secondary metabolite, synthesized by nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) and polyketide synthase (PKS) enzymes. It has many isoforms and the mechanism of its diversity is not well understood. One of the MC synthetase genes, mcyA, codes for the McyA module containing two adenylation (A) domains. The first domain, McyA-A1, generally binds to L-serine (L-ser). Then the N-methyl transferase (NMT) domain converts L-Ser into N-methyldehydroalanine (Mdha), which usually occupies position 7 on the MC molecule. However, various other amino acids (AAs) might also be present at this position. In this study, bioinformatic analyses of selected cyanobacteria were performed to understand whether genetic information in the first adenylation domain of mcyA could explain incorporation of different AAs at position 7 of the MC molecule. Binding pocket signatures of McyA-A1 and putative activated AAs were determined via various bioinformatics tools. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic trees of full length mcyA, mcyA-A1 and 16S rRNA genes were prepared in Mega 6. Phylogenetic analysis of mcyA-A1 nucleotide sequences was in agreement with the predictions of activated AAs by McyA-A1. In comparison with the 16S rRNA and full length mcyA gene trees, mcyA-A1 phylogenetic trees suggested horizontal transfer of the A domain in either Planktothrix agardhii (Gomont) Anagnostidis & Komárek or Planktothrix rubescens (De Candolle ex Gomont) Anagnostidis & Komárek strains. Predictions of activated AAs were generally in agreement with the chemically determined position 7 AAs. However, there were exceptions suggesting the multispecificity of the first A domain of McyA in some cyanobacteria.Öğe Isolation, identification and characterization of three new strains of Bacillus sphaericus as mosquito pathogen(Field Crops Central Research Institute, 2020) Çağal, Münevver Müge; Doğan, Ali Umman; Çakar, Fatih; Şahin, FikrettinIn the present study, three entomopathogenic strains of Bacillus sphaericus (MBI5, MBI6, and MBI7) were isolated from greenhouse pest and larval habitat of Istanbul, Turkey. All of the MBI groups tested in laboratory bioassays were able to kill larvae, but not pupae and adults of Culex spp. in water. The most efficient larvicidal activity of the strains was found in the presence of two toxin genes, binA and binB for MBI5, MBI6, and MBI7 strains. Each B. sphaericus strains identified in this study were characterized as unique and novel in terms of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profiles and 16S rRNA sequencing data. The results of this study suggest that the three strains of B. sphaericus may be new sources of potential biocontrol agent of mosquito.Öğe Evaluation of oxidative stress levels as biomarkers in vitiligo patients(WOLTERS KLUWER MEDKNOW PUBLICATIONS, 2023) İnce, Zeynep; Kutlu, Büşra; Yılmaz, Nazan; Cengiz, Fatma; Güler, ErayObjective: Vitiligo is a skin disease that causes the loss of melanocyte cells, which produce pigment in the skin. There is evidence that oxidative stress plays an important role in vitiligo disease of unknown pathogenesis. Evidence suggests that there is increased oxidative stress in melanocytes in patients with vitiligo. The aim of this study is to investigate oxidative stress markers in patients with vitiligo. Materials and Methods: Blood samples were taken from 23 vitiligo patients and 23 healthy control groups without any disease in Bezmialem Vakif University Hospital Dermatology and Venereal Diseases Outpatient Clinic. Total antioxidant levels (TAS) and total oxidant levels (TOS) were measured photometrically method with blood samples. The oxidative stress index (OSI) was calculated as the TOS to TAS level ratio. Results: When the results of the vitiligo patient group were compared with the control group, TOS and OSI were found to be significantly higher than the control group (P < 0.05). No statistically significant result was found in TAS. Conclusions: Our results show that oxidative stress plays a role in the pathogenesis of vitiligo.Öğe Algae and Their Metabolites as Potential Bio-Pesticides(MDPI, 2022) Asimakis, Elias; Shehata, Awad A.; Eisenreich, Wolfgang; Acheuk, Fatma; Yılmaz, MeteAn increasing human population necessitates more food production, yet current techniques in agriculture, such as chemical pesticide use, have negative impacts on the ecosystems and strong public opposition. Alternatives to synthetic pesticides should be safe for humans, the environment, and be sustainable. Extremely diverse ecological niches and millions of years of competition have shaped the genomes of algae to produce a myriad of substances that may serve humans in various biotechnological areas. Among the thousands of described algal species, only a small number have been investigated for valuable metabolites, yet these revealed the potential of algal metabolites as bio-pesticides. This review focuses on macroalgae and microalgae (including cyanobacteria) and their extracts or purified compounds, that have proven to be effective antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, nematocides, insecticides, herbicides, and plant growth stimulants. Moreover, the mechanisms of action of the majority of these metabolites against plant pests are thoroughly discussed. The available information demonstrated herbicidal activities via inhibition of photosynthesis, antimicrobial activities via induction of plant defense responses, inhibition of quorum sensing and blocking virus entry, and insecticidal activities via neurotoxicity. The discovery of antimetabolites also seems to hold great potential as one recent example showed antimicrobial and herbicidal properties. Algae, especially microalgae, represent a vast untapped resource for discovering novel and safe biopesticide compounds.Öğe Influence of some knitting and finishing parameters on the snag resistance of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) knit fabric(SAGE Publications Ltd, 2022) Yibar, Mehmet Fahri; Öǧüt, Hamdi; Cingu, Neslihan; Cetin, Suna; Yatikci, Tugce Koroglu; Yıldırım, KenanTo assess the effects of fabric take-up, yarn tension, feeder position, and yarn feeder material on the occurrence of snagging, fabrics produced with two different finishing processes, were subjected to longitudinal or transversal 100, 300, and 600 revolutions, and the degree of snagging was measured and compared afterwards with gray fabric. Our results showed that, during the knitting process, the use of ceramic yarn feeders resulted in significantly fewer snags compared with metal yarn feeders. The gray fabric, having no finishing, was fragile and easily snagged, whereas the fabric treated by a finishing process – either drying in relaxed condition (Treatment A) or under stress conditions (Treatment B) – was more resistant to snagging. Moreover, the snagging property of the gray fabric tended to increase with increasing longitudinal or transversal 100, 300, or 600 revolutions. Slight increases in snagging were also present in fabrics having Treatment A or Treatment B at the same revolutions, but the differences were not statistically important (P > 0.05). Frequency of snags was higher when revolutions were transversal rather than on longitudinal direction. Yarn tension and feeder position had no effect on snagging degree, while fabric take-up had limited effect. For acquiring a fabric resistant to snagging, the gray fabric produced with ceramic yarn guiders during the knitting process should be subjected to drying under relaxed condition. We also suggest that quality control tests be carried out taking the results of our study into consideration.Öğe Characterization and antibacterial activity of gelatin–gellan gum bilayer wound dressing(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2022) Özkahraman B.; Özbaş Z.; Bayrak G.; Tamahkar, Emel; Perçin I.; Kılıç Süloğlu A.; Boran F.Bilayer wound dressing systems consisting of various biopolymers have been preferred in biomedical applications due to its enhanced advantages in comparison with conventional systems. The aim of this research was to develop a novel bilayer wound dressing based on gelatin (G) and gellan gum (GG). The bilayer was composed of an upper layer impregnated with antibiotic drug sodium ampicillin and a drug-free lower sponge layer. The bilayer hydrogels were characterized by FTIR, TGA, DSC and SEM analyses including swelling behaviors and hydrolytic degradation tests. To achieve faster healing of the wound by prevention of the bacterial infection, the bilayer hydrogels were developed as antibiotic-releasing vehicles. Herein, release study of sodium ampicillin was performed in PBS to simulate the physiological micro-environment. Additionally, cyto-compatibility tests of L929 fibroblast cells showed the high proliferation and survival through drug-loaded GG and G hydrogels (GG-G-D) after 24h, 48h and 72h incubation. This novel GG-G bilayer hydrogel could be a good candidate as wound dressing.Öğe Bacterial cellulose/poly vinyl alcohol based wound dressings with sustained antibiotic delivery(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2021) Tamahkar, EmelThe current work was aimed to prepare bacterial cellulose/poly vinyl alcohol (BC/PVA) wound dressings loaded with antibiotic which were prepared via freeze-thawing. The swelling ratio of BC/PVA hydrogels was in the range of 188–240%. The water loss percentage of BC was improved with the addition of PVA. 30% of the cumulative ampicillin delivery from BC/PVA hydrogels was achieved during 120 h suggesting significant role of PVA incorporation since 50% of ampicillin was released from BC after 24 h. BC/PVA hydrogels showed great antibacterial activity against E.coli and S. aureus. The results revealed that BC/PVA hydrogels presented great potential as wound dressings with high swelling ratio, low water loss percentage and slow antibiotic release properties.Öğe An enzyme immobilized microreactor for continuous-flow biocatalysis of ginsenoside Rb1(John Wiley and Sons Ltd, 2021) Kazan, Aslıhan; Hu X.; Stahl A.; Frerichs H.; Smirnova I.; Yesil-Celiktas O.Ginsenoside Rb1 is one of the major bioactive components of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer (Araliaceae), a medicinal plant that has been used for therapeutic purposes for thousands of years in Asian countries. The pharmaceutical activity of ginsenoside Rb1 highly depends on molecular structure and its deglycosylated metabolites are known to be more potent bioactive compounds. However, these deglycosylated ginsenosides do not exist naturally so they are usually obtained by poorly selective methods, like chemical hydrolysis. RESULTS: In this study, the development and characterization of an alginate-based immobilized enzyme microreactor for the catalytic conversion of ginsenoside Rb1 to more bioactive metabolites have been reported. Enzyme kinetic parameters were calculated and characterization tests (such as determination of surface area of alginate matrix, long-term use, and effect of residence time on conversion yield) were conducted. The system was operated under continuous-flow conditions and compared with acidic and batch enzymatic hydrolysis experiments, as conventional approaches. The enzymatic microreactor showed an enhanced activity by producing 13-fold higher amount of ginsenoside F2 than batch enzymatic hydrolysis. CONCLUSION: Obtained results indicated that the newly developed enzymatic microreactor could successfully convert ginsenoside Rb1 to more active metabolites and have a potential for the biocatalysis of multiple ginsenosides, as well as pharmaceutically active compounds.Öğe Stratification strength and light climate explain variation in chlorophyll a at the continental scale in a European multilake survey in a heatwave summer(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2021) Donis D.; Mantzouki E.; McGinnis D.F.; Vachon D.; Gallego I.; Yılmaz, MeteTo determine the drivers of phytoplankton biomass, we collected standardized morphometric, physical, and biological data in 230 lakes across the Mediterranean, Continental, and Boreal climatic zones of the European continent. Multilinear regression models tested on this snapshot of mostly eutrophic lakes (median total phosphorus [TP] = 0.06 and total nitrogen [TN] = 0.7 mg L−1), and its subsets (2 depth types and 3 climatic zones), show that light climate and stratification strength were the most significant explanatory variables for chlorophyll a (Chl a) variance. TN was a significant predictor for phytoplankton biomass for shallow and continental lakes, while TP never appeared as an explanatory variable, suggesting that under high TP, light, which partially controls stratification strength, becomes limiting for phytoplankton development. Mediterranean lakes were the warmest yet most weakly stratified and had significantly less Chl a than Boreal lakes, where the temperature anomaly from the long-term average, during a summer heatwave was the highest (+4°C) and showed a significant, exponential relationship with stratification strength. This European survey represents a summer snapshot of phytoplankton biomass and its drivers, and lends support that light and stratification metrics, which are both affected by climate change, are better predictors for phytoplankton biomass in nutrient-rich lakes than nutrient concentrations and surface temperature.Öğe Denizel diatom izolasyonu, tanımlanması ve besin maddelerinin diatom büyümesi üzerine etkisinin incelenmesi(2019) Çınar, Sait; Özçimen, Didem; Yılmaz, MeteSon yıllarda oldukça dikkat çeken mikroalgler sağlık, gıda, kozmetik, çevre ve biyoyakıt üretimi alanlarında kullanım potansiyeli bulunan yeni nesil hammadde kaynaklarıdır. Bu çalışmada, hem bulunma miktarı hem de fonksiyonları bakımından önemli bir mikroalg sınıfı olan diatomların eldesi hedeflenerek, Marmara Denizi Mudanya kıyılarından toplanan su örnekleri üzerinde izolasyon çalışması gerçekleştirilmiş ve elde edilen izolatın moleküler analizi yapılarak Pleurosigma sp. olduğu tespit edilmiştir. İzole Pleurosigma sp. farklı konsantrasyonlarda azot, fosfor ve silisyum içeren besin solüsyonlarında yetiştirilip istatistiksel olarak yorumlandığında, diatomun hücre yoğunluğunun, silisyum ve azot artışı ile belirgin şekilde pozitif korelasyon gösterdiği, ancak hücre yoğunluğunun 0,0096 mM fosfat konsantrasyonunda maksimum seviyeye ulaştığı gözlenmiştir. Yapılan karakterizasyon çalışmalarında, diatomun önemli miktarda silisyumlu yapılar içerdiği ve kül içeriğinin yüksek olduğu, yağ asidi profilinin literatürde diatomlarda sıklıkla karşılaşılan yağ asitleriyle örtüştüğü görülmüştür.Öğe Dinoflagellate cyst assemblages in surface sediments of southwestern black sea and Çanakkale strait (dardanelles)(Parlar Scientific Publications, 2015) Aydin, H.; Balcı, Muharrem; Uzar, S.; Balkis, N.In order to document the distribution of dinoflagellate cyst assemblages, eight surface sediment samples were collected in surface sediments from southwestern Black Sea and Çanakkale Strait. A total of 25 cyst types and 1 unknown cyst type were identified. Samples displays low total cyst concentrations with values ranging from 8 to 346 cyst g-1 dry weight sediment. Autotrophic dinoflagellates highly and significantly contributes (p<0.01) to the total cyst concentration. Lingulodinium machaerophorum, cyst type of Al-exandrium minutum and Spiniferites bulloideus were dominant at the sampling points. Higher cyst concentration and diversity observed at stations in Black Sea could be linked to the type of sediment. Small-sized sediment (sand-silt) were mostly dominant at the Black Sea stations compare to the more sandy type sediment of Çanakkale Strait. Present study provides the first modern dinoflagellate cyst records from surface sediments of southwestern Black Sea and Çanakkale Strait. © by PSP.Öğe An alginate-poly(acrylamide) hydrogel with TGF-?3 loaded nanoparticles for cartilage repair: Biodegradability, biocompatibility and protein adsorption(Elsevier B.V., 2021) Saygili, E.; Kaya, E.; Ilhan-Ayisigi, E.; Saglam-Metiner, P.; Alarcin, E.; Kazan, Aslıhan; Girgic, E.Current implantable materials are limited in terms of function as native tissue, and there is still no effective clinical treatment to restore articular impairments. Hereby, a functionalized polyacrylamide (PAAm)-alginate (Alg) Double Network (DN) hydrogel acting as an articular-like tissue is developed. These hydrogels sustain their mechanical stability under different temperature (+4 °C, 25 °C, 40 °C) and humidity conditions (60% and 75%) over 3 months. As for the functionalization, transforming growth factor beta-3 (TGF-?3) encapsulated (NPTGF-?3) and empty poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles (PLGA NPs) are synthesized by using microfluidic platform, wherein the mean particle sizes are determined as 81.44 ± 9.2 nm and 126 ± 4.52 nm with very low polydispersity indexes (PDI) of 0.194 and 0.137, respectively. Functionalization process of PAAm-Alg hydrogels with ester-end PLGA NPs is confirmed by FTIR analysis, and higher viscoelasticity is obtained for functionalized hydrogels. Moreover, cartilage regeneration capability of these hydrogels is evaluated with in vitro and in vivo experiments. Compared with the PAAm-Alg hydrogels, functionalized formulations exhibit a better cell viability. Histological staining, and score distribution confirmed that proposed hydrogels significantly enhance regeneration of cartilage in rats due to stable hydrogel matrix and controlled release of TGF-?3. These findings demonstrated that PAAm-Alg hydrogels showed potential for cartilage repair and clinical application. © 2021 Elsevier B.V.Öğe DINOFLAGELLATE CYST ASSEMBLAGES IN SURFACE SEDIMENTS OF SOUTHWESTERN BLACK SEA AND CANAKKALE STRAIT (DARDANELLES)(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2015) Aydin, Hilal; Balcı, Muharrem; Uzar, Serdar; Balkis, NeslihanIn order to document the distribution of dinoflagellate cyst assemblages, eight surface sediment samples were collected in surface sediments from southwestern Black Sea and Canakkale Strait. A total of 25 cyst types and 1 unknown cyst type were identified. Samples displays low total cyst concentrations with values ranging from 8 to 346 cyst g(-1) dry weight sediment. Autotrophic dinoflagellates highly and significantly contributes (p<0.01) to the total cyst concentration. Lingulodinium machaerophorum, cyst type of Alexandrium minutum and Spiniferites bulloideus were dominant at the sampling points. Higher cyst concentration and diversity observed at stations in Black Sea could be linked to the type of sediment. Small-sized sediment (sand-silt) were mostly dominant at the Black Sea stations compare to the more sandy type sediment of Canakkale Strait. Present study provides the first modern dinoflagellate cyst records from surface sediments of southwestern Black Sea and Canakkale Strait.Öğe Dinoflagellate resting cysts in recent marine sediments from the Gulf of Gemlik (Marmara Sea, Turkey) and seasonal harmful algal blooms(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2016) Balkis, Neslihan; Balcı, Muharrem; Giannakourou, Antonia; Venetsanopoulou, Amalia; Mudie, PetraThirty-four dinoflagellate cyst taxa were found in surface sediment (0-2 cm) at five stations (60-100-m water depth) in the Gulf of Gemlik, Marmara Sea, during four seasons from August 2011 to May 2012. Lingulodinium machaerophorum, Operculodinium centrocarpum and Selenopemphix quanta dominated cyst assemblages in the polluted gulf, where nutrient-rich surface water was stratified during most seasons and bottom water was hypoxic. Twelve cyst taxa were incubated and produced motile cells that reproduced and survived 14-15 days. Highest cyst species number (33) occurred in summer; maximum number of cysts (living and empty) per cm 3 wet sediment was in spring, with the annual range from 1520 (fall) to 108,000 (spring). Nine taxa (Brigantedinium simplex, L. machaerophorum, O. centrocarpum, S. quanta, Spiniferites mirabilis, Spiniferites ramosus, cysts of Alexandrium sp., Scrippsiella trifida and S. trochoidea) were found in all seasons at all stations. The harmful dinoflagellates L. machaerophorum and cysts of S. trochoidea and Alexandrium sp. were the most abundant species. The cyst of the toxic species, Cochlodinium sp., is reported for the first time from Turkey. Other HAB species included A. tamarense, Protoceratium reticulatum, Heterocapsa triquetra and Gymnodinium catenatum/nolleri. Relative abundance of potentially toxic dinoflagellates (74%-92% of total cysts cm(-3)) was always higher than nontoxic species, and percentage abundance of cysts cm(-3) produced by autotrophs (19/34 total species) almost always exceeded those of heterotrophs. Although distributions of the resting cyst taxa were significantly influenced by surface temperature, dissolved oxygen and total water depth, surface salinity was the strongest predictor for cyst occurrences.Öğe Photobacterium damselae subsp damselae, an Emerging Fish Pathogen in the Black Sea: Evidence of a Multiclonal Origin(Amer Soc Microbiology, 2016) Terceti, Mateus S.; Öğüt, Hamdi; Osorio, Carlos R.Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae is considered to be an emerging pathogen of marine fish of importance in aquaculture, with a notable increase in its geographical distribution during the last several years. In this study, we carried out for the first time to our knowledge a genetic and pathobiological characterization of 14 strains isolated from sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) reared in the Southeastern Black Sea, where high mortalities were observed at two aquaculture farms during the summer and autumn of 2011. Heterogeneity was evidenced among strains in phenotypical traits, such as sucrose fermentation, motility, and hemolysis. Although 11 of 14 isolates were hemolytic, we found that all of the isolates lacked the pPHDD1 virulence plasmid that encodes the phospholipase-D damselysin (Dly) and the pore-forming toxin PhlyP, two hemolysins previously reported to constitute major virulence factors for turbot. Subsequent PCR and sequencing analyses demonstrated that the 11 hemolytic isolates harbored a complete hlyA(ch) gene, a chromosome I-borne gene that encodes HlyA(ch) hemolysin, whereas the three nonhemolytic isolates contained hlyA(ch) pseudogenes caused by insertion sequence elements. Virulence challenges with two representative strains revealed that, albeit less virulent than the pPHDD1-harboring strain RM-71, the plasmidless hlyA(ch)-positive and hlyA(ch)-negative Black Sea isolates were pathogenic for sea bass. A phylogenetic analysis based on the toxR gene sequence uncovered a greater diversity in the isolates, indicating that the presence of this pathogen in the Black Sea was not caused by the introduction and spread of a single virulent clone but by the proliferation of different clones.Öğe Evaluation of the in vitro antioxidant, cytotoxic and genotoxic/antigenotoxic effects of resveratrol(Elsevier Ireland Ltd, 2016) Taner, Gökçe; Aydin, S.; Aytac, Z.; Basaran, A. A.; Basaran, N.[No Abstract Available]Öğe Comparisons of antioxidant, cytotoxic and genotoxic/antigenotoxic effects of pycnogenol and rosmarinic acid(Elsevier Ireland Ltd, 2016) Taner, Gökçe; Aydin, S.; Aytac, Z.; Basaran, A. A.; Basaran, N.[No Abstract Available]Öğe Algal toxins and producers in the marine waters of Qatar, Arabian Gulf(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2016) Al Muftah, Abdulrahman; Selwood, Andrew I.; Foss, Amanda J.; Al-Jabri, Hareb Mohammed S. J.; Potts, Malcolm; Yılmaz, MeteHarmful Algal Bloom species are ubiquitous and their blooms occur in the Arabian Gulf. In this study, two cruises were performed in 2012 and 2013 to collect phytoplankton samples from 4 sites in the Arabian Gulf. Toxin analyses of phytoplankton samples for 32 algal toxins from 5 different toxin groups were conducted on the samples using both enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Results demonstrated, for the first time, the presence of paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs), diarrhetic shellfish toxin (DST), amnesic shellfish toxin (AST), cyclic imines (CIs) and polyether-lactone toxins in freeze-dried phytoplankton samples. Four Vulcanodinium rugosum cultures were established from field samples and these proved to contain between 603 and 981 ng pinnatoxin (PnTx) H per mg dry weight in addition to being positive for portimine. These strains from Qatar clustered with strains from Japan and Florida based on large subunit rRNA and rRNA internal transcribed spacer gene sequences. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Resveratrol Protects Sepsis-Induced Oxidative DNA Damage in Liver and Kidney of Rats(Galenos Yayincilik, 2016) Aydin, Sevtap; Sahin, Tevfik Tolga; Bacanli, Merve; Taner, Gökçe; Basaran, Arif Ahmet; Aydin, MehtapBackground: The increases of free radicals have been proposed to be involved in the pathogenesis of sepsis, which leads to multiple-organ dysfunction syndromes. The uses of antioxidants as a complementary tool in the medical care of oxidative stress-related diseases have attracted attention of researchers. Resveratrol (RV) has suggested being antioxidant, anti-proliferative, and anti-inflammatory effects in various experimental models and clinical settings. Aims: This study was undertaken to evaluate the protective effects of RV on oxidative DNA damage induced by sepsis in the liver and kidney tissues of Wistar albino rats. Study Design: Animal experimentation. Methods: Four experimental groups consisting of eight animals for each was created using a total of thirty-two male Wistar albino rats. Sham group was given 0.5 mL of saline intra-peritoneal (ip) only following laparatomy. Sepsis group was given 0.5 mL saline ip only following the induction of sepsis. RV-treated group was given a dose of 100 mg/kg ip RV in 0.5 mL saline following laparatomy. RV-treated sepsis group was given 100 mg/kg ip RV in 0.5 mL saline following the induction of sepsis. A model of sepsis was created by cecal ligation and puncture technique. In the liver and kidney tissues, oxidative stress parameters (malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX)) and a proinflammatory cytokine (tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha)), were evaluated spectrophotometrically and DNA damage was determined by the alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay) technique using formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase protein. Results: In the RV-treated sepsis group, the levels of MDA and TNF-alpha were lower and GSH levels, SOD and GPX activities were higher than in the septic rats (p<0.05). RV treatment significantly reduced the sepsis-induced oxidative DNA damage in the liver and kidney cells (p<0.05). Conclusion: It is suggested that RV treatment might reduce the sepsis-induced oxidative DNA damages in sepsis-related diseases; however, there is a need for more studies to clear up the protective mechanisms of RV against sepsis.Öğe Use of in vitro assays to assess the potential cytotoxic, genotoxic and antigenotoxic effects of vanillic and cinnamic acid(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2017) Taner, Gökçe; Vardar, Deniz Ozkan; Aydin, Sevtap; Aytac, Zeki; Basaran, Ahmet; Basaran, NursenVanillic acid (VA) found in vanilla and cinnamic acid (CA) the precursor of flavonoids and found in cinnamon oil, are natural plant phenolic acids which are secondary aromatic plant products suggested to possess many physiological and pharmacological functions. In vitro and in vivo experiments have shown that phenolic acids exhibit powerful effects on biological responses by scavenging free radicals and eliciting antioxidant capacity. In the present study, we investigated the antioxidant capacity of VA and CA by the trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assay, cytotoxicity by neutral red uptake (NRU) assay in Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells and also the genotoxic and antigenotoxic effects of these phenolic acids using the cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus (CBMN) and the alkaline comet assays in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. At all tested concentrations, VA (0.17-67.2 mu g/ml) showed antioxidant activity but CA (0.15-59.2 mu g/ml) did not show antioxidant activity against 2,2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenz-thiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS). VA (0.84, 4.2, 8.4, 16.8, 84 and 168 mu g/ml) and CA (0.74, 3.7, 7.4, 14.8, 74, 148 mu g/ml) did not have cytotoxic and genotoxic effects alone at the studied concentrations as compared with the controls. Both VA and CA seem to decrease DNA damage induced by H2O2 in human lymphocytes.
