Spatial Forecasting of Dissolved Oxygen Concentration in the Eastern Black Sea Basin, Turkey

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dc.authorid0000-0002-7553-9313en_US
dc.contributor.authorNacar, Sinan
dc.contributor.authorBayram, Adem
dc.contributor.authorBaki, Osman Tugrul
dc.contributor.authorKankal, Murat
dc.contributor.authorAras, Egemen
dc.date.accessioned2021-03-20T20:09:30Z
dc.date.available2021-03-20T20:09:30Z
dc.date.issued2020
dc.departmentBTÜ, Mühendislik ve Doğa Bilimleri Fakültesi, İnşaat Mühendisliği Bölümüen_US
dc.description.abstractThe aim of this study was to model, as well as monitor and assess the surface water quality in the Eastern Black Sea (EBS) Basin stream, Turkey. The water-quality indicators monitored monthly for the seven streams were water temperature (WT), pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), and electrical conductivity (EC), as well as luminescent dissolved oxygen (LDO) concentration and saturation. Based on an 18-month data monitoring, the surface water quality variation was spatially and temporally evaluated with reference to the Turkish Surface Water Quality Regulation. First, the teaching learning based optimization (TLBO) algorithm and conventional regression analysis (CRA) were applied to three different regression forms, i.e., exponential, power, and linear functions, to predict LDO concentrations. Then, the multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS) method was employed and three performance measures, namely, mean absolute error (MAE), root means square error (RMSE), and Nash Sutcliffe coefficient of efficiency (NSCE) were used to evaluate the performances of the MARS, TLBO, and CRA methods. The monitoring results revealed that all streams showed the same trend in that lower WT values in the winter months resulted in higher LDO concentrations, while higher WT values in summer led to lower LDO concentrations. Similarly, autumn, which presented the higher TDS concentrations brought about higher EC values, while spring, which presented the lower TDS concentrations gave rise to lower EC values. It was concluded that the water quality of the streams in the EBS basin was high-quality water in terms of the parameters monitored in situ, of which the LDO concentration varied from 9.13 to 10.12 mg/L in summer and from 12.31 to 13.26 mg/L in winter. When the prediction accuracies of the three models were compared, it was seen that the MARS method provided more successful results than the other methods. The results of the TLBO and the CRA methods were very close to each other. The RMSE, MAE, and NSCE values were 0.2599 mg/L, 0.2125 mg/L, and 0.9645, respectively, for the best MARS model, while these values were 0.4167 mg/L, 0.3068 mg/L, and 0.9086, respectively, for the best TLBO and CRA models. In general, the LDO concentration could be successfully predicted using the MARS method with various input combinations of WT, EC, and pH variables.en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/w12041041en_US
dc.identifier.issn2073-4441
dc.identifier.issue4en_US
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://doi.org/10.3390/w12041041
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12885/444
dc.identifier.volume12en_US
dc.identifier.wosWOS:000539527500118en_US
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ2en_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Scienceen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopusen_US
dc.institutionauthorAras, Egemen
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherMdpien_US
dc.relation.ispartofWateren_US
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanıen_US
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessen_US
dc.subjectdissolved oxygenen_US
dc.subjectEastern Black Sea Basinen_US
dc.subjectmultivariate adaptive regression splinesen_US
dc.subjectstream water qualityen_US
dc.subjectteaching learning based optimizationen_US
dc.titleSpatial Forecasting of Dissolved Oxygen Concentration in the Eastern Black Sea Basin, Turkeyen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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