Organophosphate ester (OPEs) flame retardants and plasticizers in air and soil from a highly industrialized city in Turkey

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dc.authorid0000-0001-6737-3475en_US
dc.contributor.authorKurt Karakuş, Perihan Binnur
dc.contributor.authorAlegria, Henry
dc.contributor.authorBirgül, Aşkın
dc.contributor.authorGungormus, Elif
dc.contributor.authorJantunen, Liisa
dc.date.accessioned2021-03-20T20:13:14Z
dc.date.available2021-03-20T20:13:14Z
dc.date.issued2018
dc.departmentBTÜ, Mühendislik ve Doğa Bilimleri Fakültesi, Çevre Mühendisliği Bölümüen_US
dc.description.abstractPassive air samples were collected at eight sites in Bursa, Turkey during five sampling periods between February-December 2014. Locations encompassed urban, suburban, industrial, rural and background environments. Soil samples (n = 8) were collected at each site during February 2014. Six OPEs were detected in samples: tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), tris(chloropropyl) phosphate (TCPP), triphenyl phosphate (TPHP), tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBOEP), tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (TEHP), and tris(2-isopropylphenyl) phosphate (T2-iPPP). Frequency of detection in air samples was TCPP and TPHP (100%) > TBOEP (88%) > TCEP (85%) > TEHP (78%) > T2iPPP (20%). Total OPEs in air per site by sampling period (excluding non-detects) ranged from 529 to 19,139 pg/m(3). In soil, total OPEs ranged from 38 to 468 ng/g dw. In air, alkylated OPEs dominated followed by halogenated and aryl OPEs. In air, annual mean concentrations were TBOEP > TCPP > TPHP > T2iPPP > TEHP > TCEP. In soils, alkylated OPEs were dominant at six sites and chlorinated OPEs at two sites. A comparison of OPE profiles between air and soil suggests that soils may be partly a source of OPEs to air. Mean concentrations in air were not directly proportional to temperature, and there were differences between alkylated compared to halogenated and aryl OPEs. In air, total and alkylated OPEs levels were fairly uniform, whereas more variability was found for the halogenated and aryl compounds. The relative contribution to total OPEs decreases for alkylated OPEs and increases for halogenated OPEs in samples going from background to suburban to urban and industrial sites. Levels of individual OPEs were all positively correlated between air and soils. In air, correlations between individual compounds were weak to moderate and were only statistically significant for TBOEP and TPHP. In soils, correlations were generally stronger and statistically significant only for TPHP and T2iPPP. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipScientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK)Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK); TUBITAKTurkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [112Y315, 21514107-221.01-8290, TUBITAK 2221]en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipWe thank Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) for financial support. Dr. Henry Alegria was financially supported by TUBITAK under the support programme "TUBITAK 2221-Fellowships for Visiting Scientists and Scientists on Sabbatical Leave" (grant number 21514107-221.01-8290) during his visit to laboratories of Bursa Technical University in 2014. Elif Gungormus received her fellowship from TUBITAK under grant number 112Y315.en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.307en_US
dc.identifier.endpage565en_US
dc.identifier.issn0048-9697
dc.identifier.issn1879-1026
dc.identifier.pmid29291570en_US
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1en_US
dc.identifier.startpage555en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.307
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12885/821
dc.identifier.volume625en_US
dc.identifier.wosWOS:000426356600056en_US
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ1en_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Scienceen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopusen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMeden_US
dc.institutionauthorKurt Karakuş, Perihan Binnur
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherElsevier Science Bven_US
dc.relation.ispartofScience Of The Total Environmenten_US
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanıen_US
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessen_US
dc.subjectOrganophosphate ester flame retardantsen_US
dc.subjectPlasticizersen_US
dc.subjectTurkeyen_US
dc.subjectEnvironmenten_US
dc.subjectUrbanen_US
dc.subjectSuburbanen_US
dc.subjectRuralen_US
dc.titleOrganophosphate ester (OPEs) flame retardants and plasticizers in air and soil from a highly industrialized city in Turkeyen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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