Organophosphate ester (OPEs) flame retardants and plasticizers in air and soil from a highly industrialized city in Turkey
dc.authorid | 0000-0001-6737-3475 | en_US |
dc.contributor.author | Kurt Karakuş, Perihan Binnur | |
dc.contributor.author | Alegria, Henry | |
dc.contributor.author | Birgül, Aşkın | |
dc.contributor.author | Gungormus, Elif | |
dc.contributor.author | Jantunen, Liisa | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2021-03-20T20:13:14Z | |
dc.date.available | 2021-03-20T20:13:14Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2018 | |
dc.department | BTÜ, Mühendislik ve Doğa Bilimleri Fakültesi, Çevre Mühendisliği Bölümü | en_US |
dc.description.abstract | Passive air samples were collected at eight sites in Bursa, Turkey during five sampling periods between February-December 2014. Locations encompassed urban, suburban, industrial, rural and background environments. Soil samples (n = 8) were collected at each site during February 2014. Six OPEs were detected in samples: tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), tris(chloropropyl) phosphate (TCPP), triphenyl phosphate (TPHP), tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBOEP), tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (TEHP), and tris(2-isopropylphenyl) phosphate (T2-iPPP). Frequency of detection in air samples was TCPP and TPHP (100%) > TBOEP (88%) > TCEP (85%) > TEHP (78%) > T2iPPP (20%). Total OPEs in air per site by sampling period (excluding non-detects) ranged from 529 to 19,139 pg/m(3). In soil, total OPEs ranged from 38 to 468 ng/g dw. In air, alkylated OPEs dominated followed by halogenated and aryl OPEs. In air, annual mean concentrations were TBOEP > TCPP > TPHP > T2iPPP > TEHP > TCEP. In soils, alkylated OPEs were dominant at six sites and chlorinated OPEs at two sites. A comparison of OPE profiles between air and soil suggests that soils may be partly a source of OPEs to air. Mean concentrations in air were not directly proportional to temperature, and there were differences between alkylated compared to halogenated and aryl OPEs. In air, total and alkylated OPEs levels were fairly uniform, whereas more variability was found for the halogenated and aryl compounds. The relative contribution to total OPEs decreases for alkylated OPEs and increases for halogenated OPEs in samples going from background to suburban to urban and industrial sites. Levels of individual OPEs were all positively correlated between air and soils. In air, correlations between individual compounds were weak to moderate and were only statistically significant for TBOEP and TPHP. In soils, correlations were generally stronger and statistically significant only for TPHP and T2iPPP. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. | en_US |
dc.description.sponsorship | Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK)Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK); TUBITAKTurkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [112Y315, 21514107-221.01-8290, TUBITAK 2221] | en_US |
dc.description.sponsorship | We thank Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) for financial support. Dr. Henry Alegria was financially supported by TUBITAK under the support programme "TUBITAK 2221-Fellowships for Visiting Scientists and Scientists on Sabbatical Leave" (grant number 21514107-221.01-8290) during his visit to laboratories of Bursa Technical University in 2014. Elif Gungormus received her fellowship from TUBITAK under grant number 112Y315. | en_US |
dc.identifier.doi | 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.307 | en_US |
dc.identifier.endpage | 565 | en_US |
dc.identifier.issn | 0048-9697 | |
dc.identifier.issn | 1879-1026 | |
dc.identifier.pmid | 29291570 | en_US |
dc.identifier.scopusquality | Q1 | en_US |
dc.identifier.startpage | 555 | en_US |
dc.identifier.uri | http://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.307 | |
dc.identifier.uri | https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12885/821 | |
dc.identifier.volume | 625 | en_US |
dc.identifier.wos | WOS:000426356600056 | en_US |
dc.identifier.wosquality | Q1 | en_US |
dc.indekslendigikaynak | Web of Science | en_US |
dc.indekslendigikaynak | Scopus | en_US |
dc.indekslendigikaynak | PubMed | en_US |
dc.institutionauthor | Kurt Karakuş, Perihan Binnur | |
dc.language.iso | en | en_US |
dc.publisher | Elsevier Science Bv | en_US |
dc.relation.ispartof | Science Of The Total Environment | en_US |
dc.relation.publicationcategory | Makale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı | en_US |
dc.rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess | en_US |
dc.subject | Organophosphate ester flame retardants | en_US |
dc.subject | Plasticizers | en_US |
dc.subject | Turkey | en_US |
dc.subject | Environment | en_US |
dc.subject | Urban | en_US |
dc.subject | Suburban | en_US |
dc.subject | Rural | en_US |
dc.title | Organophosphate ester (OPEs) flame retardants and plasticizers in air and soil from a highly industrialized city in Turkey | en_US |
dc.type | Article | en_US |
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