Properties of Pine Bark Tannin-based Adhesive Produced with Various Hardeners

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dc.authorid0000-0002-2132-4667en_US
dc.contributor.authorGönültaş, Oktay
dc.date.accessioned2021-03-20T20:13:28Z
dc.date.available2021-03-20T20:13:28Z
dc.date.issued2018
dc.departmentBTÜ, Orman Fakültesi, Orman Endüstri Mühendisliği Bölümüen_US
dc.description.abstractTannin-based adhesives are alternative bio-based products that can be used in the wood panel industry instead of synthetic adhesives that contain formaldehyde. For the production of these adhesives, formaldehyde is utilized generally as a hardener as in its synthetic counterparts. In this study, adhesive formulations were prepared using eight different hardeners and tannin powder from Turkish red pine (Pinus brutia) barks. While the shortest gel time values in the adhesive formulations were identified in the samples prepared with formaldehyde and paraformaldehyde, the longest gel time was obtained in the formulation prepared with tris(hydroxymethyl)nitromethane. As a result of the dry bonding tests, the values closest to the commercial UF adhesive were found in descending order as paraformaldehyde, formaldehyde, hexamine glyoxal, and poly[(phenyl isocyanate)-co-formaldehyde] (pMDI). According to the wet bonding strength test results, the adhesive samples in which furfural, tris(hydroxymethyl)nitromethane, and benzaldehyde were used as hardeners did not achieve wet bonding strength. As a result of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), commercial UF adhesive samples had dramatically lower thermal stability than all of the formulations prepared with tannin. Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectral analysis revealed that new chemical bonds were established between the tannin and hardeners.en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.15376/biores.13.4.9066-9078en_US
dc.identifier.endpage9078en_US
dc.identifier.issn1930-2126
dc.identifier.issue4en_US
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ3en_US
dc.identifier.startpage9066en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://doi.org/10.15376/biores.13.4.9066-9078
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12885/874
dc.identifier.volume13en_US
dc.identifier.wosWOS:000454215100137en_US
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ2en_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Scienceen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopusen_US
dc.institutionauthorGönültaş, Oktay
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherNorth Carolina State Univ Dept Wood & Paper Scien_US
dc.relation.ispartofBioresourcesen_US
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanıen_US
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessen_US
dc.subjectTurkish red pineen_US
dc.subjectBark tanninen_US
dc.subjectFormaldehydeen_US
dc.subjectBio-based adhesiveen_US
dc.subjectShear strengthen_US
dc.subjectTGAen_US
dc.subjectFTIRen_US
dc.titleProperties of Pine Bark Tannin-based Adhesive Produced with Various Hardenersen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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