Multi-instrument study of a spread-F event at Arecibo linked to solar wind variations

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dc.authorid0000-0001-6281-4905
dc.authorid0000-0003-2209-6966
dc.contributor.authorBostan, Salih Mehmed
dc.contributor.authorUrbina, Julio, V
dc.contributor.authorMathews, John D.
dc.contributor.authorDinsmore, Ross L.
dc.contributor.authorRobinson, Robert M.
dc.date.accessioned2026-02-12T21:04:57Z
dc.date.available2026-02-12T21:04:57Z
dc.date.issued2023
dc.departmentBursa Teknik Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractUsing five diverse data sets, we demonstrate that apparently local ionospheric spread-F activity, observed with an HF radar and the Arecibo Observatory (AO) Incoherent Scatter Radars (ISR) under geomagnetically quiet conditions, is likely the local manifestation of a mesoscale or larger ionospheric response to relatively weak solar wind activity. The solar wind activity included a weak pressure pulse and Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF) realignment events. The mid-latitude spread-F activity was observed with a 4.42 MHz radar located near AO and the dual-beam 430 MHz AO ISRs. Additionally, the Coupling, Energetics and Dynamics of Atmospheric Regions (CEDAR) Madrigal Global Navigation Satellite System-Total Electron Content (GNSS-TEC), the NASA OMNI, and the SuperMAG datasets were used to establish the (mesoscale/global) wide-context of the local, deep-context radar results. While the ISR event appears to be classicallocal spread-F, often attributed to Perkins-like plasma instabilities, the HF radar reveals large ionospheric structures coincident with the ISR event. However, that the apparently AO-local event was part of a very dynamic mesoscale event that lasted for over ten hours, is shown via independent AO-sector and AO-conjugate sector keograms constructed using detrended vertical TEC (delta-vTEC) data. The keograms reveal a prominent F-region feature that appears to propagate from west-to-east and then back to the west passing over AO twice. The ISR manifestation of this mesoscale event is indistinguishable from decades of similar ISR results which were assumed to be strictly local. The strong non-local (mesoscale) properties revealed by the delta-vTEC keograms suggest a possible space weather influence. Study of the relevant NASA OMNI solar wind and superMAG magnetometer data points to modest solar wind features including IMF realignment that may have electrodynamically launched, with little time delay, the observed mesoscale ionospheric events. Given the apparent rapid ionospheric response to the solar wind features, we suggest that limited latitudinal scale, prompt penetration electric fields (PPEF), associated with highly-localized partial ring current activity, be considered in the system-of-systems context of our observations. In any case, the need to examine magnetospheric/ionospheric electrodynamics across a wide range of instruments and data sets is demonstrated.
dc.description.sponsorshipNational Science Foundation [AGS 1241407]
dc.description.sponsorshipThis work partially supported by a National Science Foundation grant AGS 1241407 to The Pennsylvania State University, USA. We thank PI Anthea Coster for the Madrigal TEC data and PI Cesar Valladares for Low-Latitude Ionospheric Sensor Network (LISN) TEC data. Data for the TEC processing is provided from the following organizations: UNAVCO, Scripps Orbit and Permanent Array Center, Institut Geographique National, France, International GNSS Service, The Crustal Dynamics Data Information System (CDDIS) , National Geodetic Survey, Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatistica, RAMSAC CORS of Instituto Geografico Nacional de la Republica Argentina, Arecibo Observatory, Low-Latitude Ionospheric Sensor Network (LISN) , Topcon Positioning Systems, Inc., Canadian High Arctic Ionospheric Network, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China Meteorology Administration, Centro di Ricerche Sismologiche, Systeme d'Observation du Niveau des Eaux Littorales (SONEL) , RENAG : REseau NAtional GPS permanent, GeoNet -the official source of geological hazard information for New Zealand, GNSS Reference Networks, Finnish Meteorological Institute, SWEPOS -Sweden, Hartebeesthoek Radio Astronomy Observatory, Crustal Dynamics Data Information System (CDDIS), Astronomical Institute of the University of Bern, TrigNet Web Application, South Africa, Australian Space Weather Services, RETE INTEGRATA NAZIONALE GPS, Estonian Land Board, and Virginia Tech Center for Space Science and Engineering Research. The Low Latitude Ionospheric Sensor Network (LISN) is a project led by the Uni-versity of Texas at Dallas in collaboration with the Geophysical Institute of Peru and other institutions that provide information to benefit the space weather scientific community. For the ground magnetometer data we gratefully acknowledge: INTERMAGNET, Alan Thomson; CARISMA, PI Ian Mann; CANMOS, Geomagnetism Unit of the Geological Survey starting of Canada; The S-RAMP Database, PI K. Yumoto and Dr. K. Shiokawa; The SPIDR database; AARI, PI Oleg Troshichev; The MACCS program, PI M. Engebretson; GIMA; MEASURE, UCLA IGPP and Florida Institute of Technology; SAMBA, PI Eftyhia Zesta; 210 Chain, PI K. Yumoto; SAMNET, PI Farideh Honary; IMAGE, PI Liisa Juusola; Finnish Meteoro-logical Institute, PI Liisa Juusola; Sodankylae Geophysical Observatory, PI Tero Raita; UiT the Arctic University of Norway, TromsoGeophysical Observatory, PI Magnar G. Johnsen; GFZ German Research Centre For Geosciences, PI Juergen Matzka; Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, PI Anne Neska and Jan Reda; Polar Geophysical Institute, PI Alexander Yahnin and Yarolav Sakharov; Geological Survey of Sweden, PI Gerhard Schwarz; Swedish Institute of Space Physics, PI Masatoshi Yamauchi; AUTUMN, PI Martin Connors; DTU Space, Thom Edwards and PI Anna Willer; South Pole and McMurdo Magnetometer, PI's Louis J. Lanzarotti and Alan T. Weatherwax; ICESTAR; RAPIDMAG; British Artarctic Survey; McMac, PI Dr. Peter Chi; BGS, PI Dr. Susan Macmillan; Pushkov Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere and Radio Wave Propagation (IZMIRAN); MFGI, PI B. Heilig; Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, PI Anne Neska and Jan Reda; University of L'Aquila, PI M. Vellante; BCMT, V. Lesur and A. Chambo-dut; Data obtained in cooperation with Geoscience Australia, PI Andrew Lewis; AALPIP, co-PIs Bob Clauer and Michael Hartinger; MagStar, PI Jennifer Gannon; SuperMAG, PI Jesper W. Gjerloev; Data obtained in cooperation with the Australian Bureau of Meteorology, PI Richard Marshall.r We additionally thank NASA's Space Physics Data Facility in Goddard Space Flight Center for the OMNIWeb service that provided OMNI data (https://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/ow_min.html)
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.jastp.2023.106099
dc.identifier.issn1364-6826
dc.identifier.issn1879-1824
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85164229053
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ2
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2023.106099
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12885/6740
dc.identifier.volume249
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001039934600001
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ3
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherPergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd
dc.relation.ispartofJournal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
dc.snmzKA_WoS_20260212
dc.subjectMid-latitude spread-F
dc.subjectIonospheric irregularities
dc.subjectSolar wind pressure pulses
dc.subjectGNSS delta-vTEC keograms
dc.titleMulti-instrument study of a spread-F event at Arecibo linked to solar wind variations
dc.typeArticle

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