Characteristics and seasonal variation of microplastics in the wastewater treatment plant: The case of Bursa deep sea discharge

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dc.authorid0000-0003-4717-801X
dc.authorid0000-0002-7126-6792
dc.contributor.authorCan, Tugba
dc.contributor.authorUstuen, Gokhan Ekrem
dc.contributor.authorKaya, Yunus
dc.date.accessioned2026-02-12T21:04:52Z
dc.date.available2026-02-12T21:04:52Z
dc.date.issued2023
dc.departmentBursa Teknik Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractMicroplastics (MPs) are an emerging pollutant that can be detected in all ecosystems, especially aquatic ecosystems. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are important point sources of MP release into the sea. In this study, the characteristics of MPs in wastewater and sludge samples taken from different units of WWTP in BursaGemlik district for 12 months were investigated. Wastewater and sludge samples collected from 7 different points were classified as size, shape, color, and counted. The amount of MP in the influent and effluent of the WWTP, respectively; 107.1 & PLUSMN; 40.2 MP/L and 4.1 & PLUSMN; 1.1 MP/L. Although the MP removal efficiency of the WWTP is 96.17 %, approximately 74,825,000 MP is discharged into the Marmara Sea every day. The amount of MP in the sludge is 14.3 & PLUSMN; 7.1 MP/g. The amount of MP accumulated in 22tons of waste sludge formed daily in WWTP was calculated as 314,600,000 MP, and the annual accumulated amount was calculated as approximately 1.15 x 1011 MP. The MPs in the WWTP were mainly 1-0.5 mm in size. Fibers were the dominant MP shape in both the wastewater and sludge samples. Black and transparent were the dominant MP colors. Seven different polymer types of MPs were detected, which were mainly types of polyethylene, polypropylene, and polyethylene terephthalate. Despite the high removal efficiency in the investigated WWTP, it has been shown that it acts as an important source of MPs to the sea ecosystem due to the high discharge rates.
dc.description.sponsorshipBursa Uludag~University [BAP FGA-2022-1281]
dc.description.sponsorshipWe acknowledge financial support from the Research Fund of The Bursa Uludag & nbsp;University (No: BAP FGA-2022-1281). We would like to thank Bursa Water and Sewerage Administration (BUSKI) for their help in collecting the wastewater and sludge samples during the experimental runs and Dr. Ahmet Ayguen, for their help in ATR-FTIR analyses.
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115281
dc.identifier.issn0025-326X
dc.identifier.issn1879-3363
dc.identifier.pmid37454472
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85164750429
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115281
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12885/6697
dc.identifier.volume194
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001045715300001
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ1
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMed
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherPergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd
dc.relation.ispartofMarine Pollution Bulletin
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
dc.snmzKA_WoS_20260212
dc.subjectMicroplastics
dc.subjectWastewater treatment plant
dc.subjectSludge
dc.subjectCharacteristics
dc.subjectSeasonal variation
dc.titleCharacteristics and seasonal variation of microplastics in the wastewater treatment plant: The case of Bursa deep sea discharge
dc.typeArticle

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