Integrating hydrogen-powered fuel cell electric buses into grid-forming microgrids: A solution for emergency energy needs

Basit Öğe Kaydı
dc.authorid0000-0002-5136-0829
dc.authorid0000-0003-4895-9109
dc.authorid0000-0001-9613-6620
dc.contributor.authorBayrak, Gokay
dc.contributor.authorBasaran, Kivanc
dc.contributor.authorLazaroiu, Alexandra Catalina
dc.date.accessioned2026-02-08T15:15:28Z
dc.date.available2026-02-08T15:15:28Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.departmentBursa Teknik Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractFuel cell electric (FCE) buses have high-capacity batteries reaching up to 250-300 kW and high energy densities with hydrogen, so they can be used as a Mobile Microgrid (MoMG) by being supported by renewables. In this study, an FCE bus comprising a SOFC fuel cell stack and a battery is modeled as a Mobile Microgrid (MoMG) using MATLAB/Simulink to deliver mobile electrical energy support to regions inaccessible during disaster situations. To develop the V2L, V2V, and V2G functions of the MoMG, an Enhanced Grid Forming Control (EGFC) method is proposed, considering the IEEE 2800-2022 standards to ensure inverter-grid synchronization. In the proposed model, sudden changes in hydrogen power, evaluation of battery energy storage system (BESS) response during sudden load change, islanding conditions, and temporary and permanent faults are investigated. EGFC enables the FCE bus to maintain operation under both steady-state and transient conditions, achieving +1.5 % in grid voltage and current, +3 % grid active power and reactive power, and +0.01 Hz in frequency. The obtained results show that the proposed EGFC provides a reliable and stable grid integration of an FCE bus, providing the MoMG with low-voltage ride-through (LVRT) and fault ride-through (FRT) capabilities.
dc.description.sponsorshipMinistry of Research, Innovation and Digitalization [PNRR-C9-I8-760111]
dc.description.sponsorshipThis work was supported by a grant from the Ministry of Research, Innovation and Digitalization, project number PNRR-C9-I8-760111/May 23, 2023, code CF 48/November 14, 2022.
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.renene.2025.123363
dc.identifier.issn0960-1481
dc.identifier.issn1879-0682
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-105004423032
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2025.123363
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12885/5776
dc.identifier.volume250
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001492907700001
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ1
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherPergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd
dc.relation.ispartofRenewable Energy
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
dc.snmzWOS_KA_20260207
dc.subjectHydrogen
dc.subjectFuel cell electric bus
dc.subjectMobile microgrid
dc.subjectSolid oxide fuel cells (SOFC)
dc.subjectGrid forming control
dc.subjectV2G
dc.titleIntegrating hydrogen-powered fuel cell electric buses into grid-forming microgrids: A solution for emergency energy needs
dc.typeArticle

Dosyalar

Koleksiyon

WoS İndeksli Yayınlar Koleksiyonu
Scopus İndeksli Yayınlar Koleksiyonu