CO2-Enhanced Synthesis of Trimethyl Borate from Ulexite: Innovations in Pervaporation Separation

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dc.authorid0000-0002-8574-1056
dc.contributor.authorOzekmekci, Mehtap
dc.contributor.authorCopur, Mehmet
dc.contributor.authorUnlu, Derya
dc.date.accessioned2026-02-08T15:15:29Z
dc.date.available2026-02-08T15:15:29Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.departmentBursa Teknik Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractThe primary objective of this research is to enhance a novel method for the eco-friendly production of trimethyl borate (TMB) from ulexite ore by utilizing carbon dioxide. Notably, CO2, a major greenhouse gas, is converted into thermodynamically stable CaCO3 following TMB synthesis. TMB, a significant organo-boron chemical, has a wide range of industrial applications. In this study, the trimethyl borate production process consists of three main steps: reaction, distillation, and pervaporation. Trimethyl borate was synthesized through the reaction of ulexite with methanol in a high-pressure reactor under a CO2 atmosphere. The obtained liquid product was subjected to distillation to produce the TMB-methanol azeotrope. Following the distillation process, the separation of TMB from the azeotrope mixture was achieved by utilizing pervaporation. The TMB-methanol azeotrope and pure TMB were characterized and confirmed by using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and gas chromatography (GC). In this research, hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) were used as the membrane materials. Blend membranes were prepared by the solution casting evaporation method. The morphologies of the membranes were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and contact angle assessment. The pervaporation performance of all blend membranes was evaluated for the separation of the TMB-methanol azeotrope. The effects of the operating temperature, methanol feed concentration, and PVP ratios on separation performance were investigated. The results demonstrated that a TMB purity of 97.71 wt % was achieved when the PVP-HEC-2 membrane was utilized in pervaporation. In conclusion, this study introduces an innovative and environmentally friendly process for producing valuable chemicals, highlighting its potential for industrial applications.
dc.description.sponsorshipScientific Research Project of Bursa Technical University (BAP) [172D30]
dc.description.sponsorshipThis work was supported by Scientific Research Project of Bursa Technical University (BAP), Grant No: 172D30.
dc.identifier.doi10.1021/acs.iecr.4c04384
dc.identifier.endpage2368
dc.identifier.issn0888-5885
dc.identifier.issn1520-5045
dc.identifier.issue4
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85215407542
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1
dc.identifier.startpage2354
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.4c04384
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12885/5798
dc.identifier.volume64
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001399162400001
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ2
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherAmer Chemical Soc
dc.relation.ispartofIndustrial & Engineering Chemistry Research
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
dc.snmzWOS_KA_20260207
dc.subjectHydroxyethyl Cellulose
dc.subjectDissolution Kinetics
dc.subjectBlend Membranes
dc.subjectDehydration
dc.subjectAcid
dc.subjectComposite
dc.subjectMethanol
dc.titleCO2-Enhanced Synthesis of Trimethyl Borate from Ulexite: Innovations in Pervaporation Separation
dc.typeArticle

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