Hydrothermal liquefaction of olive mill solid waste using transition metal doped montmorillonite catalyst via biorefinery approach

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dc.authorid0000-0002-6699-666X
dc.authorid0000-0002-3112-5784
dc.authorid0000-0002-7548-3102
dc.contributor.authorOzcan, Burak
dc.contributor.authorHosgun, Emir Zafer
dc.contributor.authorHosgun, Halit Levent
dc.contributor.authorBozan, Berrin
dc.date.accessioned2026-02-08T15:15:36Z
dc.date.available2026-02-08T15:15:36Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.departmentBursa Teknik Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractThe olive oil industry produces significant waste that contributes to escalating environmental damage. In this study, catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of solid olive mill waste with clays (montmorillonite, kaolin, and bentonite) was carried out at 300 degrees C for 30 min to recover the bio-oil. The yield of the bio-oil without a catalyst was 23.92%. The highest bio-oil yield of 28.56% was obtained with montmorillonite (MMT). Subsequently, various transition metals (chromium, cobalt, zinc, manganese, and nickel) were loaded on MMT by pillaring method and characterized by XRD, XRF, BET, and SEM methods. The yield of bio-oil products increased significantly with the addition of transition metals to MMT catalysts. The Ni/MMT catalyst showed the highest bio-oil yield (38.23%). The elemental analysis shows that the oxygen content of the bio-oil was reduced by the catalysts. The maximum calorific value of the bio-oil (36.13 MJ/kg) was achieved with the MMT catalyst, which was significantly higher than that of the feedstock (19.92 MJ/kg). The energy balance results showed that Ni/MMT had the best positive effect on energy recovery and energy consumption, although the MMT catalyst had the highest HHV. Furthermore, the catalyst significantly affected the composition of hydrocarbons, acids, esters, amides, and heterocyclic compounds in the bio-oil.
dc.description.sponsorshipEskiscedil;ehir Technical University Scientific Research Projects Commission [21GAP069]
dc.description.sponsorshipThis study was supported by Eski & scedil;ehir Technical University Scientific Research Projects Commission under grant no: 21GAP069.
dc.identifier.doi10.1080/15435075.2025.2587821
dc.identifier.issn1543-5075
dc.identifier.issn1543-5083
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-105021982344
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ2
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1080/15435075.2025.2587821
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12885/5866
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001614687600001
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ2
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherTaylor & Francis Inc
dc.relation.ispartofInternational Journal of Green Energy
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
dc.snmzWOS_KA_20260207
dc.subjectHydrothermal liquefaction
dc.subjectmontmorillonite
dc.subjectolive mill solid waste
dc.subjectbio-oil
dc.titleHydrothermal liquefaction of olive mill solid waste using transition metal doped montmorillonite catalyst via biorefinery approach
dc.typeArticle

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