Comparative Analysis of Bacterial and Algal Treatment in Attached and Suspended Systems for Egg-Washing Wastewater Treatment

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dc.authorid0000-0001-9031-5142
dc.contributor.authorShivaram, Karthik B.
dc.contributor.authorNakatsu, Cindy H.
dc.contributor.authorYakamercan, Elif
dc.contributor.authorEngel, Bernard A.
dc.contributor.authorHuwe, Adam P.
dc.contributor.authorBrunnquell, John
dc.contributor.authorSimsek, Halis
dc.date.accessioned2026-02-08T15:15:29Z
dc.date.available2026-02-08T15:15:29Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.departmentBursa Teknik Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractEgg-washing wastewater treatment is challenging due to high nutrients and organic matter from manure and broken eggs during washing. This study evaluated the performance of attached and suspended growth treatment systems, focusing on the impact of hydraulic retention time (HRT) on the treatment efficiency. Various rectangular and column reactors were employed, and moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) media and algae-bacteria consortia were used. Bacterial and bacterial-algal (Chlorella vulgaris) inocula, across different HRTs of 12, 24, and 48 h in column reactors and 2, 4, and 8 days in rectangular reactors, were tested. The reactors were aerated using a pump running at 5 psi (pounds per square inch) at room temperature. Algae-bacteria inoculum outperformed the standalone bacteria inoculum in removing both inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus. In the column reactor, total dissolved nitrogen removal peaked at 53.8% with bacterial inoculum at a 2 day HRT. Phosphorus removal exceeded 82% at a 4 day HRT in MBBR systems. Both reactor types demonstrated similar chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal rates, with up to 90% COD removal in MBBR at a 2 day HRT. When the COD loads reached 12,000 mg/L, attached growth systems showed greater resilience to these shock loads than suspended growth systems.
dc.description.sponsorshipNational Institute of Food and Agriculture [USDA-AMS-TM-SCMP-G-23-0020]; USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture
dc.description.sponsorshipThis project was supported by the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture under award number USDA-AMS-TM-SCMP-G-23-0020. The opinions, findings, conclusions, and recommendations presented in this study are the sole responsibility of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the perspectives of the funding agencies. The authors extend their sincere gratitude to the anonymous reviewers and the editor for their valuable and constructive input, which greatly contributed to the enhancement of this paper.
dc.identifier.doi10.1021/acsestwater.5c00699
dc.identifier.endpage6029
dc.identifier.issn2690-0637
dc.identifier.issue10
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-105018755508
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1
dc.identifier.startpage6018
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.5c00699
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12885/5800
dc.identifier.volume5
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001572387000001
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ1
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherAmer Chemical Soc
dc.relation.ispartofAcs Es&T Water
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
dc.snmzWOS_KA_20260207
dc.subjectegg washing wastewater
dc.subjecthydraulic retention time
dc.subjectsolids retention time
dc.subjectChlorella vulgaris
dc.subjectMBBR
dc.subjectalgae
dc.subjectbacteria
dc.titleComparative Analysis of Bacterial and Algal Treatment in Attached and Suspended Systems for Egg-Washing Wastewater Treatment
dc.typeArticle

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