Effectiveness of hydrogen enrichment strategy for Wankel engines in unmanned aerial vehicle applications at various altitudes

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dc.contributor.authorKucuk, Merve
dc.contributor.authorŞener, Ramazan
dc.contributor.authorSürmen, Ali
dc.date.accessioned2026-02-08T15:11:10Z
dc.date.available2026-02-08T15:11:10Z
dc.date.issued2024
dc.departmentBursa Teknik Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractThis study investigates the effectiveness of the hydrogen-enrichment strategy on a Wankel engine for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The primary motivation behind this study is to contribute to the Wankel-type rotary engine designs by revealing the influences of the hydrogen enrichment method on the Wankel engine performance at various altitudes. To achieve these objectives, CFD simulations were conducted by applying a hydrogen enrichment method to a neat gasoline Wankel engine model at sea level, 5000 ft and 15,000 ft altitudes. The hydrogen energy fraction at the intake was gradually increased from 0% to 10%. The decrease in ambient air temperature, pressure, density, and insufficient fresh charge with the increase in altitude leads to the reduced reference chamber temperature and pressure of the Wankel engine. Thus, the combustion worsens, the heat release rate (HRR) and performance decrease, also emissions deteriorate in these colder operating conditions. On the other hand, the unique physicochemical properties of hydrogen such as wide flammability limits, high homogeneity, relatively small quenching distance and high flame speed allow hydrogen-enriched mixture flames to propagate toward the narrower gaps in the combustion chamber and make up for some drawbacks of Wankel engines. As a result, flame propagation is accelerated and fuel burning rate, peak pressure and temperature values in the reference chamber are increased by hydrogen addition. For the cases at sea level with 5% and 10% hydrogen energy fraction, IMEP is increased by 6.59%, 8.50%, and the indicated power is increased by 35.51% and 52.47%. In the cases with the same energy fraction at 15,000 ft, IMEP is increased by 26.61% and 48.75%, and the indicated power is reduced by 26.61% and 48.75%, respectively. It has been proven that a small amount of hydrogen by energy fraction improves combustion efficiency and performance. The findings show that hydrogen has excellent compatibility with Wankel engines and hydrogen enrichment is a very practical concept for the improvement of the performance of these engines for UAVs. Thus, Wankel engines, which are already a very favorable power source for UAVs, become even more favorable by the hydrogen-blending strategy. © 2023 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC
dc.description.sponsorshipBursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, BUÜ
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.ijhydene.2023.08.304
dc.identifier.endpage1549
dc.identifier.isbn0080311393
dc.identifier.issn0360-3199
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85171258191
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1
dc.identifier.startpage1534
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2023.08.304
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12885/5267
dc.identifier.volume52
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001139356400001
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ1
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherElsevier Ltd
dc.relation.ispartofInternational Journal of Hydrogen Energy
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
dc.snmzScopus_KA_20260207
dc.subjectCFD
dc.subjectCombustion
dc.subjectHigh altitude
dc.subjectHydrogen enrichment
dc.subjectRotary engine
dc.subjectUAV
dc.titleEffectiveness of hydrogen enrichment strategy for Wankel engines in unmanned aerial vehicle applications at various altitudes
dc.typeArticle

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