Atmospheric wet deposition monitoring of PCDD/Fs in an urban site: Fluxes, rain concentrations and washout ratios?

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dc.authorid0000-0003-2437-0527
dc.authorid0009-0008-9283-6281
dc.contributor.authorNoori, Abdul Alim
dc.contributor.authorGulegen, Berke
dc.contributor.authorBirgul, Askin
dc.contributor.authorTasdemir, Yuecel
dc.date.accessioned2026-02-08T15:15:12Z
dc.date.available2026-02-08T15:15:12Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.departmentBursa Teknik Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractThe fate of atmospheric pollutants can partly be explained by deposition phenomena occurring either wet or dry. This investigation reported the wet deposition flux values of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) utilizing a wet deposition sampler (WDS) in a densely populated urban center in T & uuml;rkiye between June 2022 and July 2023. The particulate phase in precipitation was captured on a filter, while the dissolved phase was sorbed onto the XAD-2 resin in the WDS. The experimental findings revealed that the average total PCDD/F (& sum;17PCDD/F) wet deposition flux, measured on a monthly basis, exhibited values of 2030 f 660 pg/m2-day (n = 12) and 397 f 186 pg/m2-day (n = 11) for the particulate and dissolved phases, respectively. These results demonstrated that PCDD/Fs were significantly removed from the atmosphere through rainfall. Among the compounds, the most dominant congener was OCDD (744 f 463 pg/m2-day in particulate and 107 f 45 pg/m2-day dissolved phase). However, regarding TEQ units, the highest flux belonged to 2,3,7,8TCDD (3.9 f 1.2 pg I-TEQ/m2-day for particulate and 4.3 f 3.0 pg I-TEQ/m2-day for dissolved phase). Rainwater samples revealed that & sum;17PCDD/F concentrations in the particulate phase (68.5 f 44.3 pg/L) significantly exceeded those in the dissolved phase (12.4 f 5.7 pg/L). The washout ratios for particulate and dissolved phases were calculated using the rainwater and atmospheric concentrations of PCDD/Fs. These ratios ranged between 1.44 x 104 and 3.76 x 105 for particulate phases and from 8.41 x 103 to 8.75 x 105 for dissolved phases. Consequently, the washout rates of 4- and 5-chlorinated compounds were lower than those of 7- and 8-chlorinated compounds. During the winter months, an increase in the PCDD/F pollution level was observed, leading to higher detections of PCDD/Fs in wet deposition compared to other seasons. However, this situation was not mirrored in the concentrations found in rainwater. The frequency of precipitation and the high volume of rainwater during the colder months resulted in lower concentrations.
dc.description.sponsorshipScientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) , Turkiye [121Y473]
dc.description.sponsorshipThis research was supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) , Turkiye under project number 121Y473. The authors express gratitude to TUBITAK, the Environmental Reference Lab., and BUTAL for their contributions to this study.
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.envpol.2025.126224
dc.identifier.issn0269-7491
dc.identifier.issn1873-6424
dc.identifier.pmid40221119
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-105002766757
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2025.126224
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12885/5665
dc.identifier.volume374
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001476118400001
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ1
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMed
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherElsevier Sci Ltd
dc.relation.ispartofEnvironmental Pollution
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
dc.snmzWOS_KA_20260207
dc.subjectPOPs
dc.subjectRainwater
dc.subjectPrecipitation
dc.subjectScavenging
dc.subjectWashout
dc.subjectT & uuml;rkiye
dc.titleAtmospheric wet deposition monitoring of PCDD/Fs in an urban site: Fluxes, rain concentrations and washout ratios?
dc.typeArticle

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