Analysis of Rolling Shutter Effect on ENF-Based Video Forensics

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dc.authorid0000-0002-4680-1263en_US
dc.contributor.authorVatansever, Saffet
dc.contributor.authorDirik, Ahmet Emir
dc.contributor.authorMemon, Nasir
dc.date.accessioned2021-03-20T20:12:32Z
dc.date.available2021-03-20T20:12:32Z
dc.date.issued2019
dc.departmentBTÜ, Mühendislik ve Doğa Bilimleri Fakültesi, Mekatronik Mühendisliği Bölümüen_US
dc.descriptionDirik, Ahmet Emir/0000-0002-6200-1717en_US
dc.description.abstractElectric network frequency (ENF) is a time-varying signal of the frequency of mains electricity in a power grid. It continuously fluctuates around a nominal value (50/60 Hz) clue to changes in the supply and demand of power over time. Depending on these ENF variations, the luminous intensity of a mains-powered light source also fluctuates. These fluctuations in luminance can he captured by video recordings. Accordingly, the ENF can he estimated from such videos by the analysis of steady content in the video scene. When videos are captured by using a rolling shutter sampling mechanism, as is done mostly with CMOS cameras, there is an idle period between successive frames. Consequently, a number of illumination samples of the scene are effectively lost due to the idle period. These missing samples affect the ENF estimation, in the sense of the frequency shift caused and the power attenuation that results. This paper develops an analytical model for videos captured using a rolling shutter mechanism. This model illustrates how the frequency of the main ENF harmonic varies depending on the idle period length, and how the power of the captured ENF attenuates as idle period increases. Based on this, a novel idle period estimation method for potential use in camera forensics that is able to operate independently of video frame rate is proposed. Finally, a novel time-of-recording verification approach based on the use of multiple ENF components, idle period assumptions, and the interpolation of missing ENF samples is also proposed.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipDefense Advanced Research Projects AgencyUnited States Department of DefenseDefense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA); Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8750-16-2-0173]en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipThis work was supported in part by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency and in part by the Air Force Research Laboratory under Grant FA8750-16-2-0173.en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.1109/TIFS.2019.2895540en_US
dc.identifier.endpage2275en_US
dc.identifier.issn1556-6013
dc.identifier.issn1556-6021
dc.identifier.issue9en_US
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1en_US
dc.identifier.startpage2262en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://doi.org/10.1109/TIFS.2019.2895540
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12885/602
dc.identifier.volume14en_US
dc.identifier.wosWOS:000469836900002en_US
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ1en_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Scienceen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopusen_US
dc.institutionauthorVatansever, Saffet
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherIeee-Inst Electrical Electronics Engineers Incen_US
dc.relation.ispartofIeee Transactions On Information Forensics And Securityen_US
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanıen_US
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessen_US
dc.subjectElectric network frequency (ENF)en_US
dc.subjectvideo forensicsen_US
dc.subjectmultimedia forensicsen_US
dc.subjectcamera forensicsen_US
dc.subjectrolling shutteren_US
dc.subjectidle perioden_US
dc.subjectcamera verificationen_US
dc.subjecttime-of-recordingen_US
dc.subjecttime-stampen_US
dc.titleAnalysis of Rolling Shutter Effect on ENF-Based Video Forensicsen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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