Incorporatıon of carob pod powder on polyvınyl alcohol-based bıocomposıte hydrogel fılm

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dc.authorid0000-0001-5340-9609
dc.authorid0000-0002-9946-6729
dc.contributor.authorMutlu, Busra
dc.contributor.authorEroglu, Murat
dc.date.accessioned2026-02-08T15:14:58Z
dc.date.available2026-02-08T15:14:58Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.departmentBursa Teknik Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractCarob pod powder (CP), a neglected agro-waste material, provides a sustainable, cheap substitute for synthetic fillers, meeting the global demand for eco-friendly materials. In this context, this study investigates the incorporation of CP into polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based biocomposite hydrogel films to enhance their mechanical, structural, physicochemical, physical, and optical properties. The hydrogel films were prepared by dissolving PVA in distilled water, followed by the addition of CP powder at varying concentrations (5%, 10%, and 20% by weight). The mixtures were crosslinked using 6 M NaOH solution. Characterization of the prepared hydrogel samples was carried out by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), mechanical and optical testing. The results showed the addition of CP powder considerably improves the tensile strength and elongation at break of the hydrogel films, being most effective at 10% CP concentration. Hydrogel samples experienced decreasing moisture content and swelling ratios with increasing CP content, producing a more compact and hydrophobic structure. Optical properties, such as color and clarity, were affected by increased CP loadings, with darker films and reduced transparency at these higher CP levels. Thus, it can be stated that CP powder is a viable natural filler to enhance the properties of PVA-based hydrogel films for various biomedical and packing applications. We demonstrate the applicability of CP as a natural filler to facilitate sustainable hydrogel film design for biomedical and packaging applications. The work addresses both performance challenges and environmental concerns.
dc.description.sponsorshipCentral Research Laboratory at Bursa Technical University
dc.description.sponsorshipThe authors are thankful to the Central Research Laboratory at Bursa Technical University for providing the essential laboratory facilities required for this research.
dc.identifier.doi10.1007/s10965-025-04590-y
dc.identifier.issn1022-9760
dc.identifier.issn1572-8935
dc.identifier.issue10
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-105018055373
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ2
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1007/s10965-025-04590-y
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12885/5538
dc.identifier.volume32
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001586469200003
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ3
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherSpringer
dc.relation.ispartofJournal of Polymer Research
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
dc.snmzWOS_KA_20260207
dc.subjectPolyvinyl alcohol
dc.subjectCarob pod powder
dc.subjectBiocomposite hydrogel films
dc.subjectNatural fillers
dc.subjectMechanical properties
dc.subjectSwelling behavior
dc.titleIncorporatıon of carob pod powder on polyvınyl alcohol-based bıocomposıte hydrogel fılm
dc.typeArticle

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