Design and Implementation of the Python-Driven Digital Horn System: A Novel Approach for Electric Vehicle Sound Systems

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dc.authorid0000-0003-2234-3453
dc.authorid0009-0001-2641-9788
dc.authorid0000-0002-5545-9746
dc.contributor.authorTekin, Hakan
dc.contributor.authorKarsiyaka, Hikmet
dc.contributor.authorErtekin, Davut
dc.date.accessioned2026-02-08T15:15:54Z
dc.date.available2026-02-08T15:15:54Z
dc.date.issued2024
dc.departmentBursa Teknik Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractElectric and hybrid vehicles are known for their significant reduction in road noise. However, concerns have emerged regarding their silent operation, potentially increasing risks for other road users. To mitigate this, the Acoustic Vehicle Alert System (AVAS) has been mandated by regulations such as R138 by UNECE in the USA and Europe. This regulation dictates the generation of sound in electric vehicles of categories M and N1 during normal, reverse, and forward motion without the internal combustion engine engaged. Compliance involves meeting specific sound requirements based on vehicle mode and condition. This paper introduces a Python-based approach to designing digital horn sounds, leveraging music theory and signal processing techniques to replace traditional mechanical horns in electric vehicles equipped with AVAS devices. The aim is to offer a practical and efficient means of generating digital horn sounds using this software. The software includes an application capable of producing and customizing horn sounds, with the HornSoundGeneratorGUI class providing a user-friendly interface built with the Tkinter library. To validate the digital horn produced sounds by the software and ensure compliance with AVAS regulations, comprehensive electrical and acoustic tests were conducted in a fully equipped quality laboratory. The results demonstrated that the sound levels achieved met the required 105-107 dB/2 m standard specified by the regulation.
dc.description.sponsorshipBursa Technical University, Faculty of Engineering; Natural Sciences and Seger A.S.
dc.description.sponsorshipThis study was conducted under the framework of an industry-university project development agreement established between Bursa Technical University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences and Seger A.S. The project reached its successful conclusion with the collaboration of two researchers from the R&D department of Seger A.& Scedil;., under the supervision of Associate Professor Davut Ertekin. Gratitude is extended to all employees and contributors who played a part in the project.
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/app142310977
dc.identifier.issn2076-3417
dc.identifier.issue23
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85211943056
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.3390/app142310977
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12885/6033
dc.identifier.volume14
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001376235700001
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ2
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherMdpi
dc.relation.ispartofApplied Sciences-Basel
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.snmzWOS_KA_20260207
dc.subjectelectric vehicles
dc.subjecthybrid electric vehicles
dc.subjectacoustic vehicle alert system
dc.subjectsound synthesis
dc.subjectoscillator coding
dc.titleDesign and Implementation of the Python-Driven Digital Horn System: A Novel Approach for Electric Vehicle Sound Systems
dc.typeArticle

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