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Öğe A Qualitative Study on Digital Aesthetics and Sound Interaction(Mdpi, 2024) Yildirim, Yalcin; Arefi, MahyarMany disciplines-from science to art and education-engage with the postdigital concept, where human activities transform into digital activities. The post-COVID-19 era has involved new consequences for societies, where education has increasingly utilized online platforms. Having said that, online pedagogy, with the directions and discourses of the senses, particularly visual and aural, remains under-explored. Studies have addressed the educational implications of the aural sense, but this study explores the nexus between digital aesthetics and sound pedagogy and delves deeper into students' primarily descriptive learning outcomes. A multi-disciplinary class covered aesthetic terminologies, followed by a series of digital arts that envisioned digital, aesthetic, and listening practices. Considering the global agenda's recent new norms, this study contributes to the postdigital era of sound and acoustic-related sciences.Öğe Acquiescence of UNESCO Cultural Heritage and Acoustic Environments: Assessment of Hanlar District(Mdpi, 2023) Yildirim, YalcinSeveral natural and historical areas around the world are listed as UNESCO Cultural Heritage Sites. Hanlar District, located in Bursa, is the fourth biggest city in Turkey, its history includes the Ottoman, Roman, and Byzantine Empires, and it is an area with unique environmental features that represent various historical periods. Scholars at institutions worldwide have already recognized that such an environment has unique characteristics, and so local authorities should preserve the soundscape of the district as the sounds reflect the urban identity of the city. This study aims to evaluate the sounds of this unique district and recommends ways to preserve the historical and cultural heritage of the site in terms of its sounds. After collecting more than seven hundred pieces of data on sound pressure levels (SPLs) at twenty-one locations, the SPLs were statistically analyzed (an ANOVA was used for different time intervals, and a t-test was used for different days). Noon and weekend measurements varied among the sites, and these variations were statistically significant. Furthermore, the SPLs were above the WHO's suggested levels. The study findings show the importance of reducing sounds to create better acoustic environments. The local government should include all stakeholders, including residents, employees, and urban designers, in participatory approaches and action plans to preserve the sounds of cultural heritage sites.Öğe An alternative assessment for transit-oriented developments (TODs) with land use/land cover (LULC)(Springer, 2023) Yildirim, Yalcin; Akin, AnilCities experience rapid growth, and various drivers shape this growth. Notably, developing countries experience challenges on land use and transportation conflict. The idea of transit-oriented developments (TODs) is a solution for this concern of urbanization while there is no consensus on defining and identifying them. This study concentrated on the dynamics of land use/land cover (LULC) effects on transit-oriented developments (TODs) by utilizing light rail stations from a metropolitan area in Turkey, as this is the first attempt in this geography. Spatial data covers of high-resolution Sentinel 2A remotely sensed data and Google Earth images acquired in 2021. The study performed the analyses within a 500-m light rail train station buffer. The results reveal that TODs include more urbanized, open space, street connection, commercials, and dense population as expected from the TOD concept. Local officials, practitioners, and developers should be involved with the TOD implementation and policy phases to establish tangible developments in urbanization.Öğe Are socio-demographic and building characteristics associated with noise complaints?(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2023) Yildirim, Yalcin; Arefi, MahyarThis study explores the nexus between socio-demographics and building attributes on the one hand, and the 311 non-emergency services - a state-of-the-art self-reported data source reflecting the residents' noise complaints on the other. While inevitable and bothersome regardless of the location or lifestyle, noise demonstrates people's exposure to it on different scales. This study performs various spatial and statistical analyses integrating spatial, socio-demographic and building factors associated with noise complaints in Dallas, Texas. These analyses reveal the broader environmental and urban planning implications associated with noise. The results confirm that socio-demographic characteristics show different relationships at various degrees. Vulnerable populations do not opt for reporting noise complaints while building-related attributes, particularly the number of building permits and businesses better explain the association between noise complaints and building characteristics. The study also proposes the key takeaways for developers, planning practitioners and local authorities.Öğe Does play-based experience provide for inclusiveness? A case study of multi-dimensional indicators(Springer, 2022) Yildirim, Yalcin; Keshavarzi, Golnaz; Aman, Amanda R.Playgrounds are not only for play and fun; they are places that offer diverse experiences for all groups of children. Outdoor playgrounds have been studied as an element of public space for their ability to offer an array of amenities and attributes. In addition to design and planning aspects, inclusiveness is a vital attribute of playgrounds. Inclusiveness within playgrounds provides accessibility for all children regardless of age, gender, and ethnicity, as both physical and social access are considered. Given the rapidly changing global agenda affected dramatically by the COVID-19 pandemic and Black Lives Matter movement, playgrounds have gained even more attention and the importance of inclusiveness has become more prevalent. This study examined the inclusiveness of play-based experiences within a playground in San Antonio, Texas, using mixed methods. The study utilized observational methods, behavior mapping, secondary data for spatial mapping, and a survey conducted in order to understand the perception of playground users. This study evaluated the inclusiveness of the playground and analyzed social and physical accessibility relative to the playground by assessing the diversity of users in terms of age, gender, ethnicity, and disability. The findings of this study show that there is a need for additional studies yielding proposed improvements revolving around playground inclusivity. The study results show that urban designers, urban planners, and policymakers need to collaborate in order to create opportunities that work to eliminate social and physical disparities and that ultimately enhance inclusiveness in playgrounds.Öğe Does scale matter? An overview of the smart cities literature(Elsevier, 2021) Keshavarzi, Golnaz; Yildirim, Yalcin; Arefi, MahyarThe idea of smart cities emerged from the contemporary technological advancements and with the aim of enhancing cities' performance and improving the quality of life. As it turns out, the emerging theories and definitions have not kept up with the speed of technological innovations and their utilities in urban lifestyles. This paper provides a comprehensive definition of smartness and its scope apropos of different geographic scales by conducting an extended literature review. The study concludes that the smart combination of technologybased and non-technology-based resolutions not only enhance the urban performance but also increase the quality of life of inhabitants.Öğe Evaluation of Different Housing Typologies with a Design Pedagogy(Mdpi, 2025) Yildirim, Yalcin; Cakil, Elif Altas; Ersoy, MerveDesign studios generally concentrate on some critical concerns of urban life to overcome, and housing is one of those. Rapid development and advanced technology increase the need for and problems with housing. Such concerns should be addressed in theory, practice, and pedagogy. This study assesses the sophomores' design output and their understanding of housing typologies based on real-world project sites to contribute to pedagogical aspects. Our study results show that students' villa typologies generally focus on specific social groups with central themes, including health and recreation, while apartment complex designs converge on community life, urban identity, and tranquility. Based on the survey, students were part of it; they had difficulty with the scale and site-related grading problems, while most wished to work on the other typology theme. This study eventually calls attention to housing problems based on the design students' perspectives on different residential typologies.Öğe HAYVAN HAKLARI VE YABAN HAYATI GEÇİTLERİ(Recep KÜLCÜ, 2021) Zeybek, Osman; Keser, Abdulsamet; Yildirim, YalcinTürkiye’de 5199 sayılı Hayvan Hakları Koruma Kanunu bulunmaktadır. İlgili kanuna istinaden, hayvanlara işkence etmek ya da hayvanları öldürmek gibi eylemlere karşı sadece idari para cezasına hükmedilmektedir. Son yıllarda hayvanlara karşı yapılan olumsuz davranışlara yönelik kamuoyu farkındalığında artış görülmekte ve söz konusu ihlallerin kabahat olmasından ziyade suç olarak düzenlenmesine yönelik ciddi bir toplumsal talep oluşmaya başlamıştır. Kent içi ve şehirlerarası karayollarında hayvanların karıştığı trafik kazaları sonucu yaralanma ya da can kaybının olduğu çok sayıda vaka ile karşılaşılmaktadır. Bu vakalar neticesinde kentsel ve/veya kırsal ekosistemde ciddi sorunlar ortaya çıkabilmektedir. Kırsal alanda antropojen etkiler nedeniyle bölünmüş ekosistemleri tekrar birbirine bağlayarak sorunları en aza indirmeye çalışan yaban hayatı geçitleri, çok disiplinli araştırma ve uygulama süreçlerine sahiptir. Bu araştırmada çeşitli ülkelerin örnek teşkil edebilecek hayvan hakları yasaları incelenmiş, hayvan hakkı ihlalleri ile ilgili bölümler irdelenmiş, habitat bölünmesine neden olan şehirlerarası karayollarında uygulanabilecek yaban hayatı geçitlerinin tesis öncesi araştırma süreçleri, tesis aşamasındaki zorluklar ve tesis sonrası beklenen faydalar üzerinde durulmuştur. Bu sürecin nasıl yönetilmesi gerektiği hukuki zeminde ve planlama & tasarım aşamalarında ele alınmış ve öneriler geliştirilmiştir.Öğe How can research-based studio experience assist in tackling natural disasters?(Springer, 2024) Yildirim, Yalcin; Cirak, Buse Nur; Akin, AnilNatural disasters threaten human life in various ways, and a better understanding of their components reduces environmental and societal ramifications. This study seeks a pedagogical approach to contribute to such knowledge at a junior landscape architecture studio by concentrating on research-based experience. Assigning five disaster categories, including flood, drought and food, climate change, earthquake, and disaster-resilient society, the students obtained enriched knowledge on the studio process while they had difficulty in applying theoretical aspects of natural disasters to their projects, mainly gearing from analysis (upper scale) to design (lower scale) solutions. The study results propose that natural disaster education and awareness efforts should be integrated into design- and planning-related disciplines sooner rather than later.Öğe Investigation of Indoor Noise Pollution Level and Air Quality of Furniture Manufacturers(North Carolina State Univ Dept Wood & Paper Sci, 2024) Tasdemir, Cagatay; Yildirim, Yalcin; Uysal, Mesut; Angin, Naile; Ertas, MuratIndoor air quality has become a more prominent concern since the arrival of the COVID-19 pandemic. Manufacturing industries have always been prone to occupational health risks, which depend on the dynamics of the production shop floors. The furniture industry is one of these sectors with a unique work environment. Although a typical furniture manufacturing facility involves physical, chemical, and noise pollution-producing elements, this industry has been studied relatively less for indoor air quality and noise-related risks. This study investigated nine fumiture manufacturing organizations' indoor air quality and noise pollution levels through comprehensive quantitative techniques. The results of the measurements were compared against reference values set by specific guidelines to explore the degree of occupational health risk associated with the World Health Organization's (WHO) suggested levels. Repetitive measurements from five pre-designated workstations were taken at each facility. The study's results indicated that organization size and department were significant factors for PM 2.5 and HCHO parameters, while only department type was substantial for noise exposure levels. However, across all departments and organization sizes, LAeq noise levels were below the safety threshold of 85 dB(A). Most organizations presented a lack of proper use of personal protective equipment and poor ventilation across shop floors.Öğe Noise complaints, the COVID-19 pandemic, and compact developments: evidence from five American cities(Springer Heidelberg, 2023) Yildirim, Yalcin; Keshavarzi, Golnaz; Arefi, MahyarThe COVID-19 continues to take its toll on human life. Even though to a less threatening extent, and insignificant to some, noise turns out to be one of its consequences without consensus. While individuals experience multiple restrictions and restrain from exuberant activities by spending most of their time at home, reducing public transportation and personal vehicles, overall, they end up reduce anthropogenic noise pressure. On another level, people continue reporting noise concerns at various degrees during the COVID-19 pandemic. To draw a bigger picture as to whether or not these complaints have increased during the COVID-19 compared to the same period last year, this research examines them in five major American cities: New York, Chicago, San Francisco, Phoenix, and Dallas. Furthermore, the study also assessed the complaint patterns, whether reported in compact or sprawled areas. The findings highlight that either the noise complaints increased or decreased during the COVID-19 crisis. Accordingly, four of the five selected cities, except San Francisco, showed a decrease in reported noise. As it turns out, compact developments correlate significantly and positively with noise complaints in all study areas, except in Phoenix. These findings call for regulating and prioritizing noise-related policies. Planners and urban designers can thus advise to sustain environmental planning and public health issues, especially in planning compact developments.Öğe Seeking the Nexus Between Building Acoustics and Urban Form: A Systematic Review(Springer Heidelberg, 2023) Yildirim, Yalcin; Arefi, MahyarPurpose of ReviewNoise is penetrating urban life pervasively and is imperative for demonstrating the factors behind it regarding built environment, aka buildings and urban form. So, this review aims to provide a better understanding of the association between building acoustics and urban form characteristics.Recent FindingsThere is a growing attention for building acoustics, including materials and simulation aspects with various increasing urban form attributes, i.e., the built and natural environment and transportation.Building acoustics is a key aspect of urban life and falls within the interface of various urban form characteristics. While these two main attributes are not sufficiently addressed, they may adversely affect individuals; thus, all the more reason to explore this nexus. This study has evaluated 67 peer-reviewed journal articles after systematically reviewing the triple resources in assessing building acoustics and urban form between 2016 and 2022. This review separates the indoor and outdoor categories within the simulation, theory, building materials, facade, and the built environment sub-categories. The study does not only review the overall scope of present studies but also direct future directions of their associations.Öğe Sense of Place and Sound: Revisiting from Multidisciplinary Outlook(Mdpi, 2022) Yildirim, Yalcin; Arefi, MahyarThis study revisits the sense of place and sound nexus in the literature. Along with that, it seeks to explore the approaches that influential urban theorists, landscape architects, and planners have recommended. How these concepts converge within the allied disciplines of urban planning, urban design, geography, and landscape architecture remains at the forefront of this investigation. This research proposes a conceptual framework by identifying sounds in three key categories-auditory experience, sound, and silence-to address the gap between sound and urban studies. The study reveals decisive patterns in urban studies' interface between the sense of place and the sound context.Öğe Sociopetality or sociofugality? The effects of post-pandemic on public open space(Palgrave Macmillan Ltd, 2023) Ersoz, Nazli Deniz; Yildirim, YalcinTo reduce the virus spread during the COVID-19, new norms of daily life were adopted. With urban design strategies characterizing one such norm, public spaces experienced transformations. This study examines the post-pandemic public space uc Fidan Park in Bursa, Turkey. The study performed a mixed-methods research, including 40 visits to observe behaviors in the selected public spaces in the park during the pandemic. To enforce social distancing, new spatial behavior typologies, i.e., using additional equipment or just the human body itself, were recorded.Öğe Sounds of sustainability: acoustic characterization and soundscape assessment of an ecovillage(Springer, 2025) Zeybek, Osman; Yildirim, YalcinThis study explores how soundscapes can be used as indicators of environmental quality and sustainability in rural ecological settlements. Drawing on a mixed-method approach combining soundwalks and sound pressure level (SPL) measurements, we assess the acoustic environment of Eskikaraağaç, a Turkish ecovillage located on the banks of Lake Uluabat, a UNESCO-listed Ramsar site. The research aims to characterize the village’s acoustic profile, identify the sources and temporal patterns of environmental noise, and evaluate the implications for spatial planning and policy. Findings show that although the village benefits from a relatively tranquil natural soundscape, it is increasingly affected by anthropogenic noise, including road traffic and seasonal tourism. Average SPL levels during daytime ranged from 47.1 dB(A) in peripheral green areas to 52.8 dB(A) in the village center, which may affect both ecological health and community well-being. The soundwalk data further revealed the subjective dimensions of acoustic comfort and the local perception of environmental change. This paper argues for the inclusion of soundscape assessment in sustainability planning frameworks for rural areas and ecovillage developments. It offers evidence-based recommendations for integrating acoustic criteria into local land-use planning, thereby enhancing environmental conservation and the quality of life in ecologically sensitive communities. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025.Öğe Soundscape Assessment of Green and Blue Infrastructures(Mdpi, 2022) Yildirim, Yalcin; Dilman, Merve; Muftuoglu, Volkan; Demir, SaraGreen and blue infrastructures provide economic, environmental, and social benefits to urban life. Various areas that are passing through such infrastructures have implications for those benefits. For instance, urban, rural, agricultural, and industrial zones extend the services and disservices of green and blue infrastructures. Such extensions also have various implications on the environment and public health. Sound is one of those under-examined aspects of aggregated effects of green and blue infrastructures. This study aims to contribute to whether soundscape is affected by three pillars of urban, industrial, and rural areas among green and blue infrastructures. The study result shows no significant difference among those zones; however, urbanized areas include the highest sound levels. Industrial and rural zones show similar patterns. The study also identified that green infrastructure has more effects on the soundscape paradigm. The results also imply that green and blue infrastructures should be designated in harmony to produce a more sound-friendly environment considering the current major uses of the areas.Öğe The Role of Auditory Landscape in Evaluation of Acoustic Comfort in Stream Corridors, Ayvalı Dere Sample(Taki Can METİN, 2022) Eşbah, Hatice; Demir, Sara; Yildirim, YalcinStream corridors provide recreational services that keep the citizens away from the noisy and stressful environment of the city and allow them to rest in peacefully. Thus identifying the noise sources in these areas and then providing natural/artificial solutions is one of the purposes of the soundscape. Within the scope of the study, Ayvalı Stream passing through the Nilüfer district of Bursa, and its surroundings, which are under the pressure of industry and agriculture, were determined and it was aimed to propose the design and engineering services of the city that remove the disturbing and unwanted sounds and focus on natural sounds. In order to achieve this aim, the researches and projects that have been carried out in the world and in Turkey regarding the soundscape have been examined and compared with each other. As a result, the use of water, sound barrier, plant material and urban reinforcement has been suggested around the study area.Therefore solutions have been developed that provide acoustic comfort around Ayvalı Stream, which passes through the agricultural, settlements and industrial areas and provides a natural environment for the urban people.For this purpose, it is calibrated with OKTAVA 110A-PRO, which is a noise measurement tool in the analysis of sounds the phone application called “dB meter lite”, which was used to measure sound, was used.Öğe Transit-oriented development (TOD) or development-oriented transit (DOT): how does it matter for sustainable urban growth?(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2025) Yildirim, Yalcin; Akin, AnilUrban growth patterns occur in various ways with tangible practical consequences. A key dilemma with regard to development and transportation revolves around whether the former follows the latter or vice versa. This study assessed this nexus with transit-oriented development (TOD) and development-oriented development (DOT) cases by using the land use/land cover (LU/LC) classification technique in a developing country example of a city in Turkey. Spatial data included high-resolution Sentinel 2A, Rapid Eye, and two SPOT satellite images and CORONA air photos acquired in 2021, 2013, 2000, 1989, and 1979, respectively, within three buffer zones (500, 750, and 1000 m) for both development forms. While the study acknowledges unorthodox TOD selection criteria and generalizability concerns, the results demonstrate that the TOD drastically reduced green areas (as opposed to ideal TOD requirements), while the DOT excessively grew commercial land uses and street networks. Both developments commonly impaired agricultural, vacant, and water land use. Such transformations direct local governments, transit agencies, and city planners to resolve ideal sustainable urban growth patterns by using remote sensing data and quantitative analysis.Öğe What can first-year undergraduate students “envision” from a pandemic?(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2024) Yildirim, Yalcin; Müftüo?lu, Volkan; Ersoz, Nazli Deniz; Arefi, MahyarThe COVID-19 pandemic has further compounded the inherent complexities of design pedagogy. At the same time, offering an online teaching method made it imperative to incorporate the pandemic’s implications in the design process upon experiencing its adverse impacts. This study investigates landscape architecture students’ design approaches and understandings in a real-world studio based on the before and after COVID-19 scenarios. The findings show that most students designed multi-functional public open spaces before the COVID-19 period while they envisioned post-pandemic uses after the COVID-19 period. The study results not only offer insights for online or distance learning for design students, but also prepare design-oriented solutions for the pandemic-related episodes. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2023.
