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Öğe ANALYSIS OF DOCUMENTATION OPPORTUNITIES OF CULTURAL HERITAGE SAMPLES WITH TERRESTRIAL PHOTOGRAMETRY METHODS(Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, 2021) Bilici, Ebru; Uçar, Zennure; Akay, Abdullah Emin; Genç, MusaNowadays, as in many sectors, natural and cultural resources face the danger of extinction due to misuse and consumption-oriented life in tourism. Within the framework of the sustainability tourism principle, these resources should be determined, protected, and developed. With the advance technology, the use of photogrammetry offers new methods for surveying natural and cultural resources. In this study, the photographs of two historical sites were taken with a high-resolution handheld camera in order to evaluate the potential of terrestrial photogrammetry approach in the cultural heritage. Then, these photographs were used to develop three-dimensional models of the two sites using two different software-Agisoft Metashape and 3D Zephyr Free. For this study, two important cultural and historical heritages were selected; both located in the center of Giresun province in Turkey. The 3D models of the heritages developed using two software were compared to evaluate the capability of the software. In the evaluation process, 13 photographs for the historical door and 50 photographs for the shrine were used to generate 3D models. According to the evaluation of the models, it was observed that the model generated for the front surface of the Public Garden door provided more detailed and accurate results in both software. When these two programs are compared for the shrine, Agisoft Metashape produced a better 3D model than 3D Zephyr. The results also showed that the photographs obtained from a low-cost handheld camera could provide highly accurate and precise data for documentation of historical and cultural heritages.Öğe Assessing the effects of site factors on the productivity of a feller buncher: a time and motion analysis(Northeast Forestry Univ, 2019) Bilici, Ebru; Akay, Abdullah Emin; Abbas, DaliaWe evaluated, for the first time in Turkey, the productivity of a feller buncher during clear-cut operations of two Brutian pine stands located in Canakkale, northwestern Turkey with different diameter classes and terrain conditions. In the first stand with 24.6cm average DBH, the feller buncher cut full trees and moved them to roadside. In the second stand with 34.3cm average DBH, the feller buncher cut trees in two stages due to their larger diameters and the relatively steep and rough terrain conditions of the site. The effects of specific stand features, DBH and tree height measurements were assessed through statistical analysis in relation to productivity. The results indicate that the average productivity for the first stand was about 118m(3)h(-1), while it was about 80m(3)h(-1) in the second stand. Even though tree diameter and volume were higher in the second stand, productivity decreased by 32.3% due to extra time spent on the two-stage cutting operation. The results revealed that harvesting operations should be planned carefully and the right equipment selected by accounting for different tree sizes, terrain conditions and machine specifications in order to better understand their effects on production.Öğe ASSESSMENT OF FIREFIGHTING FACILITIES AND ROADS REGARDING WITH FIRE-RESISTANT FOREST PROJECT (YARDOP)(EDITURA UNIV, 2019) Bilici, Ebru; Gencal, Burhan; Taş, İnanç; Akay, Abdullah EminAs a result of natural disasters such as fire, storms, avalanches etc., natural resources have been destroying rapidly in the world. Due to global warming and other factors, forest fires result in serious damages on forest resources in arid regions. Therefore, firefighting activities should be well planned and special attention should be paid to grow fire-resistant forest in the regions with high fire risk. For this purpose, firefighting facilities (i.e. fire breaks, fire lines) and roads for the purpose of fire protection and fire-fighting should be specially evaluated in these regions. Road networks are effectively used during and after a fire and are also used to stop the fire. In this study, the firefighting facilities and roads developed for fire intervention within the Fire- Resistant Forest Project (YARDOP) have been evaluated. Within the project, firefighting facilities have been planned to build a fire-resistant stands. These firefighting facilities can also be used for firefighting purposes. This study indicated that the standards of firefighting facilities and roads used in YARDOP projects are likely to be an alternative solution for many countries, especially in the Mediterranean countries and generally in the same environmental conditions around the world.Öğe ASSESSMENT OF POST-FME SALVAGE LOGGLIKG OPERATEIONS DK MEDITERRANEAN REGION OF TURKEY(Croatian Forestry Soc, 2017) Bilici, Ebru; Eker, Mehmet; Hasdemir, Mesut; Akay, Abdullah EminVarious problems such as massive volume loss, erosion, degradation of water resources, and air pollution emerge after forest fire incidents. Thus, necessary forest operations should be quickly planned and implemented after forest fires so that afforestation activities can take place immediately to maintain forest vegetation in burned areas. The aim of this study was developing a Post-fire Action Planning (PFAP) model to minimize the time spent on salvage logging activities. PFAP model will assist decision makers for removing salvage timber in a timely manner after large scale forest fires, while considering economic and environmental constraints, and dealing with available employment conditions in local forest industry. The capabilities of this model were examined by standardizing the operational planning and developing a fast decision-making process. The model was implemented in Tasagil Forest Enterprise Chiefs (FEC) of Antalya Forest Regional Directorate where the forests are sensitivity to fire at the first degree level and the second largest forest fire in the history of Turkish Forestry occurred in this area in 2008. The findings of PFAP model were compared with the data of actual salvage logging operation obtained from the FEC. The results indicated that using operational planning based PFAP model is capable of reducing total time spent on salvage logging operation by about 60%. Based on the forestry compartments of the study area, estimated durations of salvage logging operations were 15 to 75 days less than that of actual operations taken place in the field. Therefore, it is highly anticipated that using operational planning based PFAP model has great potential to provide economically and environmentally sound forest operations after forest fires.Öğe Estimating the economic value of timber products potentially saved from wildfires by improving forest road standards(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2024) Erkan, Nesat; Akay, Abdullah E.; Bilici, Ebru; Ucar, Zennure; Guney, C. OkanThe aim of this study was aimed to estimate the economic value of timber products from the forest stands that are potentially saved from wildfires after improving road standards. The study was implemented in the Alanya Forest Enterprise Directorate (FED) in the Mediterranean city of Antalya, Turkey. In the solution process, the possible increase in the accessible forest areas with improved forest road standards was investigated by using GIS-based network analysis methods. In the next step, the timber production in the forest areas potentially saved from the wildfire was calculated based on parameters such as site index, rotation period, and stand structure. Then, the economic value of timber product types was calculated using market prices. The results indicated that increasing the design speed on improved forest roads reduced the arrival time of firefighting teams to the forests, which consequently increased the accessible forest areas within the critical response time. It was found that the accessible forest areas within the critical response time increased from 47,231 hectares to 59,354 hectares when standards of the forest roads were improved. This saved 12,123 hectares of additional forest area from the wildfire in the Alanya FED. The cost of road improvement activities was estimated at US$ 2,286,998. It was calculated that the total timber products obtained from the forest area potentially saved was about 94,721 m3, and worth US$7,545,579 at market prices. The results can be used by policymakers in determining the potential investments in improving forest road standards to enhance the efficiency of firefighting activities.Öğe Evaluating the Use of Smartphone Applications for Log Stacks Volume Measurement in Turkish Forestry Practices(Zagreb Univ, Fac Forestry, 2024) Ucar, Zennure; Eker, Remzi; Bilici, Ebru; Akay, Abdullah EminWith recent technological development, photo-optical measurement systems in mobile devices have been increasingly used for automatic wood volume estimation because of their ease of use and efficiency. This study aimed to evaluate the use of photo-optical mobile apps for measuring solid wood volume of the stack in Turkish forestry practices. For this study, 21 log stacks were measured using the traditional technique and two photo-optical mobile apps - iFovea Pro and Timbeter. A strong correlation was found between the traditionally measured solid wood volume of the stack and the volume estimated using both photo-optical apps, the number of logs in the stack, and the mean diameter of the stack. The estimated number of trees from the two apps and manual measurement were not statistically different. However, statistical differences were observed between all three measurement approaches for the mean diameter of the stack. Also, statistical test results indicated mixed results for estimated solid wood volume in the stack. In addition, the study tested whether both apps correctly measure the diameter of the logs in the stack. Thus, manually measured diameter of the randomly selected 50 trees within 21 stacks was compared to the log diameters measured automatically using both mobile apps. The results indicated no statistical difference between the three measurement approaches. The study results are promising for using photo-optical mobile apps in Turkish forestry in terms of transition to digital forestry. However, there are still opportunities to improve the capabilities of the method through further analysis of estimating stack volume using the image from both sides of the logs considering different quality and diameter classes with bark conditions.Öğe Expanding the Accessible Forest Areas by Improving Forest Road Standards and Utilizing Mobile Fire-fighting Teams(Forest Engineering and Technologies Platform, 2024) Kasap, Caner Yavuz; Akay, Abdullah Emin; Aricak, Burak; Bilici, Ebru; Uçar, Zennure; Erkan, Neşat; Guney, Coskun OkanIn Turkiye, insufficient technical standards of the forest roads limit the speed of the fire truck, leading to increase in the arrival time of the initial response team to the fire areas. Improving forest road standards will increase the design speed and expand the accessible forest areas within the critical response time. In this study, the effect of improving forest road standards on expanding accessible forest areas was investigated. Considering the forest areas in Antalya Forestry Regional Directorate in Turkiye, accessible areas by the stationary initial response teams (103) and mobile teams (71) were determined from the existing road network, and then, the possible increase in the accessible forest areas was investigated when the road standards are improved. Within the scope of the study, the impact of mobile teams used in emergencies on forest areas reached during the critical response period was also evaluated. According to the results, in the scenario where current road standards and stationary teams were evaluated, it was determined that only 59.54% of the forest areas could be reached by initial response teams during the critical response time. When the road standards were improved, this rate increased to 71.69%. On the other hand, when the current road standards and stationary and mobile teams were evaluated together, it was determined that initial response teams could reach 70.40% of the forest areas during the critical response time, and if road standards were improved, this rate increased to 78.17%. Also, utilizing mobile teams increased the accessible forest areas within the critical response time by 9.03%. The results have shown that improvements in road standards and the presence of mobile teams have a very effective role in combating forest fires. © Copyright 2024 by Forest Engineering and Technologies Platform on-line at https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/ejfe.Öğe Expanding the Accessible Forest Areas by Improving Forest Road Standards and Utilizing Mobile Fire-fighting Teams(2024) Kasap, Caner Yavuz; Akay, Abdullah Emin; Arıcak, Burak; Bilici, Ebru; Ucar, Zennure; Erkan, Neşat; Güney, Coşkun OkanIn Turkiye, insufficient technical standards of the forest roads limit the speed of the fire truck, leading to increase in the arrival time of the initial response team to the fire areas. Improving forest road standards will increase the design speed and expand the accessible forest areas within the critical response time. In this study, the effect of improving forest road standards on expanding accessible forest areas was investigated. Considering the forest areas in Antalya Forestry Regional Directorate in Turkiye, accessible areas by the stationary initial response teams (103) and mobile teams (71) were determined from the existing road network, and then, the possible increase in the accessible forest areas was investigated when the road standards are improved. Within the scope of the study, the impact of mobile teams used in emergencies on forest areas reached during the critical response period was also evaluated. According to the results, in the scenario where current road standards and stationary teams were evaluated, it was determined that only 59.54% of the forest areas could be reached by initial response teams during the critical response time. When the road standards were improved, this rate increased to 71.69%. On the other hand, when the current road standards and stationary and mobile teams were evaluated together, it was determined that initial response teams could reach 70.40% of the forest areas during the critical response time, and if road standards were improved, this rate increased to 78.17%. Also, utilizing mobile teams increased the accessible forest areas within the critical response time by 9.03%. The results have shown that improvements in road standards and the presence of mobile teams have a very effective role in combating forest fires.Öğe EXTRACTION OF RESINOUS ROOT WOODS AS AN ALTERNATIVE SOURCE OF RESIN IN TURKEY(EDITURA UNIV, 2019) Akay, Abdullah Emin; Taş, İnanç; Gencal, Burhan; Bilici, EbruTo meet increasing market demands on resin raw material and its derivatives leads to the search for new alternative sources. The resin, which is generally produced by opening the wounds on the standing trees, can be produced by extracting from the root parts of the trees. Especially after the pine trees are cut, there is a high accumulation of resin in the stump on the soil surface and the root parts under the soil. These parts of the trees that are left under the soil surface are called resinous root wood and in recent years its importance as an alternative source of resin production is increasing in Turkey. In this study, technical information about pine root wood and its extraction was given and methods of producing resinous root wood were presented. The information obtained from forest service was evaluated in terms of marketing of resinous root wood. It is anticipated that the production of resinous pine root wood will be promising alternative source of resin raw material with the arrangements that can be made to provide alternative job opportunities to the local people in rural areas.Öğe Helicopter Logging Method for Reduced Impact Timber Harvesting Operations*(Forest Engineering and Technologies Platform, 2016) Akay, Abdullah E.; Bilici, EbruTraditional timber harvesting methods can result in serious impacts on vegetation structures, soil properties, and biodiversity in forested areas. Helicopter logging provides important advantages of implementing environmentally friendly harvesting techniques. However, the cost of helicopter logging can be much higher than that of ground-based logging due to high equipment costs, maintenance costs, the cost of flight crew, and fuel costs. Thus, the helicopter logging operation should be carefully planned to implement cost effective and environmentally friendly logging operations. In this study, the stages of helicopter logging and operational factors were first described, and then the operation cost, environmental concerns, and safety practices in helicopter logging were discussed. It can be concluded that the helicopter logging can be effectively used for extraction of timbers especially from environmentally sensitive areas where road construction and logging operations are restricted. In fact, helicopter logging may be the only option to solve timber extraction problems in difficult terrains with steep slope.Öğe Mapping the probability of Forest fire in the Mediterranean region of Türkiye using the GIS-based fuzzy-AHP method(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2025) Ucar, Zennure; Guney, Coskun Okan; Akay, Abdullah E.; Bilici, Ebru; Erkan, NesatForest fires have increased in frequency, intensity, and extent significantly worldwide due to climate change and human activities, particularly in the Mediterranean region. Fire-prone areas should be determined primarily to take precautions against forest fires and reduce their ecological, economic, and social impact. This study aimed to determine the spatial distribution of forest fire probability for the Antalya Regional Directorate of Forestry (RDF), highly vulnerable to forest fires. The forest fire probability map was generated using the GIS-based Fuzzy-AHP method, prioritizing decision criteria, including stand characteristics, topographic features, meteorological parameters, and proximity to anthropogenic structures. The results indicated that the most important factors influencing the fire were tree species, development stage, and proximity to road networks. The generated map showed that 45.82% of the forests in Antalya RDF were in the very high class, while 15.82% were in the high-level class. The fire probability map, validated using the Area Under Curve (AUC) method, offered promising and acceptable results above 0.7. The Fuzzy-AHP method, when integrated with GIS techniques, effectively predicts fire probability levels in fire-sensitive forests. This method will empower fire managers to develop and implement strategies that enhance forest fire resilience by predicting areas with high fire probability.Öğe Orman Yolu Standartlarının Yükseltilmesinin Orman Ürünlerinin Toplam Ekonomik Değeri ve Uzak Nakliyat Üzerine Etkilerinin Belirlenmesi(2018) Akay, Abdullah Emin; Serin, Hasan; Pak, Mehmet; Bilici, Ebru; Karabenli, TarıkÜlkemizde orman ürünlerinin üretiminde tercih edilen ürünler, dünya standartlarına kıyasla oldukça kısa tutulmaktadır. Zira büyük boyutlardaki orman ürünlerinin nakliyatında gerekli olan yüksek tonajlı kamyonların, mevcut orman yollarının önemli bir bölümünü oluşturan ve standartları yetersiz B-tipi tali orman yollarında kullanılması mümkün değildir. Bu yollarda kullanılan teknik standartların (platform genişliği, kurp yarıçapı, kurp genişliği, vb.) yetersizliği, üst yapının ve sanat yapılarının eksikliği yüksek tonajlı kamyonların manevra kabiliyetini sınırlamaktadır. Yol standartlarının yükseltilmesi maliyet gerektirse de, yüksek standartlara sahip yolların maliyetleri orta ve uzun vadede önemli oranda düşecektir. Onaylanan Bütçe: Bu çalışmada, Network 2001 programı kullanılarak orman yolu standartlarının yükseltilmesinin, orman ürünlerinin ekonomik değeri ve uzak nakliyat üzerine etkilerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Uygulamada, çalışma alanı olarak Bursa Orman Bölge Müdürlüğü, Mustafakemalpaşa İşletme Müdürlüğüne bağlı Orman İşletme Şeflikleri seçilmiştir. Çalışma alanı kapsamında yer alan orman yolları ağı verileri, asli orman ürünleri, orman ürünlerinin kamyonlara yüklenmek üzere istiflendikleri rampalar ve orman depolarına ilişkin bilgiler Network 2001 programına girilerek değerlendirilmiştir. ArcGIS 10.4.1 yazılımı ile uygulama alanı kapsamında yer alan orman yolları, rampalar ve orman depoları sayısallaştırılmıştır. Uygulama sırasında farklı yük taşıma kapasitelerine (düşük ve orta tonajlı) sahip iki kamyon tipi dikkate alınarak, mevcut yol ağında orman ürünlerinin toplam nakliyat maliyetini minimize eden ve ürünlerden elde edilecek toplam net kârı maksimize eden en uygun güzergahlar sorgulanmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar gerçekte gerçekleşen toplam nakliyat maliyeti ve orman ürünlerinden elde edilen toplam net kârla karşılaştırılmıştır. Düşük ve orta tonajlı kamyon tiplerine göre Network 2001 programı ile geliştirilen transport planında toplam nakliyat maliyeti sırasıyla %87,65 ve %88,91 oranında düşerken, toplam net kâr %19,50 ve 19,71 oranında artmıştır. Orman yolu standartlarının yükseltilmesi durumunda kullanılacak yüksek tonajlı kamyonlarla toplam nakliyat maliyeti ise %93.44 oranında düşerken, toplam net kâr %20.46 oranında artmıştır. Yol standartlarının yükseltilmesi durumunda, yol yapımı (büyük onarım), sanat yapıları ve üst yapı inşaatı maliyeti ile ileriye dönük yol bakım-onarım maliyetleri belirlenmiştir. Yol maliyetini de içine alan toplam net kârlar karşılaştırıldığında, yol standartlarının yükseltilmesi durumunda %46,06 oranında artış belirlenmiştir.Öğe Productivity Analysis of Post-fire Salvage Logging Operations in Bursa, Turkey(Warsaw Univ Life Sciences-Sggw, 2016) Bilici, Ebru; Akay, Abdullah Emin; Ozkan, Didem[No Abstract Available]Öğe Productivity of a Portable Winch System Used in Salvage Logging of Storm-Damaged Timber(Zagreb Univ, Fac Forestry, 2019) Bilici, Ebru; Andiç, Güryay Volkan; Akay, Abdullah Emin; Sessions, JohnStorm damages result in serious losses in many regions, primarily by stem breakage or blow-down. Extraction of storm-damaged trees often requires more difficult than normal skidding activities due to obstacles created during the storm. In this study, the productivity of a portable winch was evaluated as a possible alternative to recover storm-damaged timber. Field measurements were conducted in the Alabarda Forest Enterprise Chief located near the city of Kutahya in western Turkey, where storm damage often occurs during the winter season. The time study was implemented in two slope classes (35% and 55%) and two skidding distances (40 m and 60 m). All timber was skidded uphill. A regression mode was developed that related productivity to log volume, ground slope and skidding distance. The highest percentage of total cycle time was observed for skidding logs to the landing. The highest productivity (3.96 m(3)/hour ) was found at the shorter skidding distance (40 m) and the lower ground slope (35%). Statistical analyses indicated that productivity was most highly affected by log volume, followed by skidding distance and ground slope. Larger log loads increased productivity, while both longer skidding distances and steeper slopes reduced productivity.Öğe Risks Factors Associated with Post-Fire Salvage Logging Operations(EJFE, 2015) Bilici, Ebru; Akay, Abdullah EminLogging operations are generally listed in the most dangerous work groups since they require very heavy and difficult tasks. Besides, they are performed in varying, unpredictable, and uncontrolled work environment. In Turkey, traditional logging operations with limited usage of mechanized harvesting systems potentially increase occupational health and work safety problems. On the other hand, the logging operations can become even more dangerous during timber salvage activities after fire because regular work conditions dramatically change and work environment may carry different risks in fire-damaged stands. In this study, it was aimed to evaluate risk factors associated with post-fire salvage logging operations considering occupational health and safety problems. By synthesizing previously conducted studies and works, potential risk factors in regular logging operations were presented and then additional risk factors related with salvage logging operations were discussed. Finally, some suggestions were provided to reduce risks associated with post-fire salvage logging operations.Öğe Using Machine Learning Algorithms to Predict Forest Fire Probability in Mediterranean Region of Türkiye(Aves, 2025) Bektas, Aybike Goksu; Karas, Ismail R.; Akay, Abdullah Emin; Guney, Coskun Okan; Ucar, Zennure; Bilici, Ebru; Erkan, NesatDetermining the forest fire probability levels by analyzing the main fire factors can provide forest managers with the basis for making critical decisions on issues such as fire prevention strategies, fuel management, fire safety measures, emergency planning, and placement of firefighting teams. The main fire influencing factors, including vegetation factors, topographical factors, climate factors, and proximity to some features such as roads and residential areas, have been considered to generate forest fire probability maps. The machine learning (ML) algorithms have become an effective tool in predicting forest fire probability. This study aimed to generate a forest fire probability map by using two commonly used ML models, logistic regression (LR) and support vector machines (SVMs), integrated with Geographical Information System (GIS) techniques. The study was implemented in & Scedil;elale Forest Enterprise Chief (FEC) located in the Mediterranean city of Antalya in T & uuml;rkiye. In the study, the fire influencing factors were tree species, crown closure, tree stage, slope, aspect, and distance to roads. The forest fires that occurred from 2001 to 2021 in & Scedil;elale FEC was considered in the training stage of the models. The accuracy of the fire probability maps was verified using the area under curve (AUC) value. As a result of performing the ML models, estimations were made for 47 086 points on the map which were categorized into five fire probability levels (very high, high, medium, low, and very low). The results showed that the accuracy of the fire probability map generated by the LR model was better (AUC = 0.845) than the accuracy of map generated by the SVM model (AUC = 0.748). According to the probability maps, more than half of the forests had very high/high fire probability levels in the study area.Öğe Valuing Improved Firefighting Access for Wildfire Damage Prevention in Mediterranean Forests(Mdpi, 2025) Akay, Abdullah Emin; Erkan, Nesat; Bilici, Ebru; Ucar, Zennure; Guney, Coskun OkanTo effectively combat wildfires, ground teams must reach the fire site via road network within critical response time. However, low-standard forest roads can reduce firetruck speeds and delay fire response times. This study aimed to investigate how improving road standards affects firefighting access within critical response time and contributes to reducing timber losses. This study was conducted in Antalya, the city most affected by wildfires in T & uuml;rkiye. In the study, highly fire-prone forests were first identified based on a fire probability map of Antalya, developed through a GIS-based MCDA model incorporating the Fuzzy-AHP method. Then, the highly fire-prone forests and their corresponding timber volume were determined. Finally, the economic value of timber saved from fire and the present net value of total road costs were determined. As a result of improving forest roads, the forest areas that could be reached in time increased by 11.04%, making an additional 81,867.53 hectare of highly fire-prone forests accessible. The amount and economic value of timber products saved in this area were 971,195.55 m3 and 37,689,301, respectively. The cost of improved roads was 37,386,622 while the resulting positive net economic value of 302,679 indicates that investing in forest roads improvements is a viable option.Öğe Visual Quality Assessment of Road Network within the Forested Areas(Warsaw Univ Life Sciences-Sggw, 2016) Akay, Abdullah Emin; Bilici, Ebru; Cankal, Seyma DemetThe effects of different roads standards on visual quality have been investigated. The pictures of some roads within the forested areas of Usak Forest Enterprise Directorate were taken and road template components such as cut slope, fill slope, and road platform were evaluated for visual quality purposes. The effects of different road types (valley road, hillside road, and hill road) and road surface types (native road, forest road, gravel road, and asphalt road) on visual quality were also evaluated for road template components and different weather conditions (normal and wet weather). The results indicated that vegetation cover on cut and fill slopes was considerably effective on visual quality. It was found that hillside roads were better than other road types regarding with visual quality. Native roads and forest roads exposed better visual quality in normal weather conditions, while asphalt and gravel roads were better in wet weathers.Öğe YANGIN HELİKOPTERİ PLATFORMLARININ BURSA BÖLGESİNDEKİ KONUMLARININ DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ(Hakan OĞUZ, 2022) Akay, Abdullah Emin; Bilici, EbruTürkiye'de Orman Genel Müdürlüğü (OGM), yangınla mücadele, orman koruma, yaban hayatı yönetimi, transport ve diğer faaliyetler gibi çeşitli ormancılık faaliyetlerinde helikopterlerden yararlanmaktadır. Yangınla mücadele faaliyetlerinde, yangın sezonu boyunca OGM tarafından genellikle Rus üretimi “Mil Mi-8MTV-1” serisi helikopterler kiralanmaktadır. Bu yangın helikopterleri, 20 kişiye kadar personel ve altına takılı özel bir kova ile 2,5 ton su taşıyabilecek şekilde tasarlanmıştır. Bu çalışmada, Bursa Orman Bölge Müdürlüğü (FRD) sınırındaki yangın helikopteri platformlarının konumunun değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çözüm sürecinde, ArcGIS yazılımında yakınlık analizi kullanılarak yangın helikopterlerinin kritik müdahale süresinde ulaştığı alanlar belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca verimli ormanlar ve bozuk ormanlar için ayrı ayrı erişilebilir alanlar bulunmuştur. Sonuçlar, yangın helikopterinin kritik müdahale süresi içinde toplam FRD alanının %85,97'sine ulaşıldığını, ormanlık alanlarda ise bu oranın %84,06 olduğunu göstermiştir. Yangına hassasiyet dereceleri açısından, birinci dereceden hassas ormanların %79,18'ine kritik müdahale süresi içerisinde ulaşılırken, ikinci ve üçüncü dereceden hassas ormanların tamamına zamanında ulaşılmıştır. Öte yandan, verimli ormanlar ve bozuk ormanlar için erişilebilir orman alanları sırasıyla % 85.61 ve % 81.21 olarak bulunmuştur. Bu sonuçlar, kritik müdahale süresinde helikopter filosunun verimliliğini artırmak ve ormanlık alana erişim sağlamak için yangın helikopteri konumlarının yeniden değerlendirilmesi ve olası yeni platformların Bursa FRD alanında yerleştirilmesi gerektiğini önermektedir. Bu süreçte, yangın helikopteri platformları için optimum konumları değerlendirmek için yangın yöneticileri tarafından CBS teknikleri kullanılmalıdır.
