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Öğe Application of aspen plus to renewable hydrogen production from glycerol by steam reforming(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2020) Ünlü, Derya; Hilmioglu, Nilufer DurmazSteam reforming is the most favored method for the production of hydrogen. Hydrogen is mostly manufactured by using steam reforming of natural gas. Due to the negative environmental impact and energy politics, alternative hydrogen production methods are being explored. Glycerol is one of the bio-based alternative feedstock for hydrogen production. This study is aimed to simulate hydrogen production from glycerol by using Aspen Plus. First of all, the convenient reactor type was determined. RPlug reactor exhibited the highest performance for the hydrogen production. A thermodynamic model was determined according to the formation of byproduct. The reaction temperature, water/glycerol molar feed ratio as reaction parameters and reactor pressure were investigated on the conversion of glycerol and yield of hydrogen. Optimum reaction parameters are determined as 500 degrees C of reaction temperature, 9:1 of water to glycerol ratio and 1 atm of pressure. Reactor design was also examined. Optimum reactor diameter and reactor length values were determined as 5 m and 50 m, respectively. Hydrogen purification was studied and 99.9% purity of H(2)was obtained at 25 bar and 40 degrees C. The obtained results were shown that Aspen Plus has been successfully applied to investigate the effects of reaction parameters and reactor sizing for hydrogen production from glycerol steam reforming. (C) 2019 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Biyoyakıt Bütanolün Metal Organik Kafes (MOF) İçeren Karışık Matrisli UiO-66/PVA Membranlar Kullanılarak Pervaporasyon Prosesi ile Dehidrasyonu(2020) Ünlü, DeryaBu çalışmada geleceğin önemli bir biyoyakıt maddesi olarak görülen bütanolün pervaporasyon ile dehidrasyonu hedeflenmiştir. Bu amaçla UiO-66 yüklü karma matris PVA membranlar sentezlenmiştir. Membranlar çözeltiden döküm ve solvent buharlaştırma tekniği kullanılarak hazırlanmıştır. Saf PVA membrana UiO-66 ilavesinin membranın kimyasal bağ yapısında meydana getirdiği değişim FTIR ile analiz edilmiştir. Membranların morfolojik yapıları ise SEM analizleri ile belirlenmiştir. Membranların besleme karışımındaki bileşenlere ilgisini belirlemek için solvent tutma deneyleri yapılarak su ve bütanol tutma kapasiteleri belirlenmiştir. UiO-66 miktarının, besleme su konsantrasyonunun ve operasyon sıcaklığının membranın ayırma performansına etkisi incelenmiştir. En iyi ayırma performansı ağırlıkça %0.5 UiO-66 yükleme oranı, ağırlıkça %5 besleme su konsantrasyonu ve 40oC operasyon sıcaklığında elde edilmiştir.Öğe Catalytic Membrane Aided Pervaporation Applications in Esterification Reactions(Bilecik Şeyh Edebali Üniversitesi, 2020) Ünlü, DeryaThe development of the chemical industry has resulted in the usage more solvents in various chemical and physical processes. The increase in the amount of used solvent also increases the economic burden to the industry. The recovery, reuse, and purification of solvents became the essential requirements of the industry. In addition, the obtainment of high-quality, economic product with low environmental impact and high yield is important. The catalytic membrane aided pervaporation application is considered as one of the new alternative solutions of both reaction and separation problems in the industries. Catalytic membrane aided pervaporation application is one of the developing membrane technologies. It is a hybrid and integrated process combining separation and reaction units. This article is concentrated on catalytic membrane aided pervaporation applications of the esterification reactions. Some important information about catalytic membrane, pervaporation and catalytic membrane aided pervaporation has been firstly reported. Different configurations of catalytic membrane aided pervaporation have been defined and explained. Advantages of the hybrid catalytic membrane aided pervaporation processes have been listed. The factors affecting the catalytic membrane aided pervaporation are briefly discussed. The important catalytic membrane aided pervaporation, reaction conditions and the obtained results in literature are also summarized. The important catalytic membrane aided pervaporation studies in literature, operation conditions and the obtained results have been summarized.Öğe Chitosan/sodium alginate hybrid membranes modified by zeolitic imidazolate framework-90 for pervaporative dehydration of butanol(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2021) Ünlü, DeryaBiobutanol is one of the promising biofuels, which is produced by fermentation. The concentration of butanol in the fermentation broth does not usually reach 2% (by wt). To use biobutanol as fuel, it is necessary to purify this mixture. In this study, chitosan and sodium alginate hybrid membranes filled with zeolitic imidazolate framework-90 (ZIF-90) were synthesized and utilized for butanol dehydration by the pervaporation process. The synthesized pristine and hybrid membranes were characterized by SEM, FTIR, TGA and contact angle. The swelling resistance of the membrane was determined by sorption tests. Hybrid membranes display higher thermal and mechanical stability and swelling resistance compared to pristine membranes. The separation performance of membranes was determined through pervaporation process. The effects of ZIF loading ratio, process temperature and feed concentration on separation performance were investigated. Compared to pristine membranes, hybrid membranes were found to be more effective for dehydration of butanol by pervaporation. Among hybrid membranes, sodium alginate hybrid membranes filled with ZIF-90 displayed the best separation performance. While the highest flux and separation factor values of 0.987 kg/m2h and 1978 were obtained using sodium alginate hybrid membrane, the flux value of 0.325 kg/m2h and the separation factor value of 1124 were achieved in chitosan hybrid membrane.Öğe Concentration of aroma compounds by pervaporation process using polyvinyl chloride membrane(Wiley, 2019) Ünlü, DeryaThe organoleptic properties of beverage products have an important role in consumption and commercial success. Nowadays aroma recovery with high efficiency is an important process. Hydrophobic pervaporation is an alternative process for the recovery of aroma compounds in the food industry. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of operation temperature, feed concentration, and driving force on the recovery of different aroma compounds such as propyl acetate, pentyl acetate, and octyl acetate by pervaporation. Pervaporation was operated using a Polyvinyl Chloride hydrophobic membrane. As the process temperature and the feed concentration increased, the flux increased, but separation factor values of binary aqueous solutions of the aroma components propyl acetate, pentyl acetate, and octyl acetate decreased. Polyvinyl Chloride possessed a higher separation factor value for propyl acetate than octyl acetate and pentyl acetate. This situation was also confirmed with swelling tests and solubility parameters. Low-swelling degree results in a high separation factor. The highest separation success was observed for propyl acetate. The flux and separation factor of propyl acetate were obtained as 1.57 kg m(-2 )h(-1) and 158, respectively. It has been found that the pervaporation is an efficient process for aroma recovery from water and that the polyvinyl chloride membrane exhibits good separation performance from the removal of propyl acetate, pentyl acetate, and octyl acetate from the water.Öğe Controlled release of the anti-cancer drug 5-Fluorouracil from bentonite-loaded chitosan/hydroxypropyl methylcellulose bionanocomposite films(Gümüşhane Üniversitesi, 2022) Akal, Mürit; Demirdere, Muhammed Emre; Ünlü, DeryaControlled release, on the contrary traditional treatment, means the gradual release of a substance from a system in order to maintain its concentration in a medium over a period of time. In drug release systems, the controlled release of the drug to the diseased area has importance in terms of treatment and toxicity. Especially drugs with high toxic properties such as 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) have an important place in controlled drug release technology. In order to complete the treatment successfully, it is important to develop controlled drug release systems to eliminate the possible side effects of anticancer drugs such as 5-FU and to increase the therapeutic effect. The aim of this study is to develop a unique biodegradable and biocompatible bionanocomposite film for the controlled release of 5-FU. For this purpose, bentonite loaded chitosan hydroxypropyl methylcellulose bionanocomposite films were synthesized using solution casting and solvent evaporation techniques. The chemical bond structure of the bionanocomposite films and the effect of bentonite addition on the amine and hydroxyl groups in the structure were determined by Fourier transform infrared. Morphological properties and compatibility of polymers and bentonite were characterized by using scanning electron microscopy. The degree of sorption of the bionanocomposite films was evaluated by swelling tests. As the bentonite content in the nanocomposite film increased from 5% to 25%, the sorption degree of film increased from 2.99% to 65.05%. In addition, the effects of bentonite addition of the synthesized bionanocomposite films and pH of medium on the 5-FU loading and encapsulation efficiency were investigated. Controlled release studies were carried out by using 5-FU loaded nanocomposite films. The obtained results showed that the usage of bentonite in nanocomposite drug carrier films were improved the release properties. After four days, a release value was obtained as 40.12% at pH=7.4 in the 5 wt. % bentonite loaded films.Öğe DEVELOPMENT OF ZIF-8 LOADED PVA HYBRID MEMBRANES FOR THE DESALINATION OF SEAWATER BY PERVAPORATION(Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, 2022) Sığın, Zeynep; Güvenç, Gözdenur; Çakmakçı, Nagihan; Ünlü, DeryaIn this study, ZIF-8 zeolitic imidazolate framework was synthesized and added to the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) membrane for the manufacture of hybrid membranes to use in pervaporative desalination. The hybrid membranes were characterized by using FTIR, SEM and contact angle. The effects of ZIF-8 loading ratio, feed NaCl concentration, and operation temperature on separation perfomance were investigated. The addition of ZIF-8 to the improved the hydrophilicity and purification performance of membrane. The optimal loading ratios ZIF-8 were specified as 0.25 wt%. Optimum operation parameters were found as 60oC of temperature and a 2 wt% of feed NaCl concentration. Pervaporative desalination tests of seawater were carried out under the optimum operation conditions and rejection performance of >99.99% were achieved. The obtained data are observed under the drinking water standart values of World Health Organization. Hybrid membranes which are exhibited rather successful separation performance, are candidate structure for the usage of desalination process.Öğe Fabrication and Application of Silicotungstic Acid/Polyvinyl Alcohol and Phosphomolybdic Acid/Polyvinyl Alcohol Hybrid Membrane for Pervaporative Dehydration of Isopropanol Solution(Polymer Soc Korea, 2019) Ünlü, DeryaHybrid membranes were prepared by loading silicotungstic acid (STA) and phosphomolybdic acid (PMA), into polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix. The membranes were characterized by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), contact angle meter, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Separation performance of hybrid PVA membranes was compared over that of neat PVA membrane, for dehydration of aqueous isopropanol mixtures by using the pervaporation (PV) process. The PV experiments were conducted over the feed water composition of 5-20 wt.%, temperature range of 3060 degrees C, and heteropolyacid amount of 5-20 wt%. Usage of hybrid membranes for separating water from the organic solvents, results in high flux and selectivity values. Of all the membranes studied, 5 wt% STA loaded hybrid PVA membrane and 5 wt% PMA loaded hybrid PVA membrane, exhibited best separation performance. While flux and selectivity values are 0.499 kg/m(2)h and 12848 for 5 wt% STA loaded hybrid PVA membrane, these values are 0.471 kg/m(2)h and 74991 for 5 wt% PMA loaded hybrid PVA membrane. Flux and selectivity values of neat PVA membrane are quite lower, as compared to the hybrid membranes. Neat PVA membrane has 0.360 kg/m(2)h of flux, and 36 of selectivity values. From this study, it is concluded that the selectivity and flux values of hybrid membranes, are rather higher than the neat PVA membrane.Öğe İlaç Endüstrisi Atık Sularından İzopropanolün Pervaporatif Geri Kazanımı(Bayburt University, 2021) Demirdere, Muhammed Emre; Akal, Mürit; Ünlü, DeryaBu çalışmada ilaç endüstrisi atık suyundan izopropanolün membran destekli ayırma prosesi pervaporasyon ile geri kazanımı amaçlanmıştır. İzopropil alkol, birçok ilaç sentezinde çözücü olarak kullanılmaktadır. İzopropanolün ilaç endüstrisi atık sularından geri kazanımında karşılaşılan bazı zorluklar vardır. Bunlar, ağırlıkça % 12 su içeren bir izopropanol / su karışımının azeotrop bir karışım oluşturması, daha düşük su içeriğinde ise yakın kaynama noktalarına sahip ayrılması zor karışımların elde edilmesidir. İzopropanolün bu tür atık sulardan geri kazanılmasında dehidrasyon önemli rol oynar. Bu çalışmada dehidrasyon işlemi için membran destekli ayırma prosesi olan pervaporasyon kullanılmıştır. Polivinilpirolidon/Selüloz Asetat blend membranı kullanılarak suyun karışımdan uzaklaştırılması sağlanmıştır. Membranlar çözeltiden döküm ve solvent buharlaştırma tekniği kullanılarak hazırlanmıştır. Polivinilpirolidon/Selüloz Asetat membranın kimyasal bağ yapısı FTIR ile analiz edilmiştir. Membranların morfolojik yapıları ise SEM analizleri ile belirlenmiştir. Blend membrandaki polivinilpirolidon miktarının ve besleme su konsantrasyonunun membranın ayırma performansına etkisi incelenmiştir. Yüksek su adsorpsiyon kapasitesine sahip Polivinilpirolidon/Selüloz Asetat blend membran ile daha yüksek oranda, başarılı bir dehidrasyon işleminin gerçekleştiği, atık sudan izopropanolün pervaporasyon prosesi ile başarılı bir şekilde geri kazanıldığı görülmüştür. Optimum proses koşulları %5 Polivinil pirolidon yüklü membran ve ağırlıkça % 12 besleme su konsantrasyonu olarak belirlenmiş ve bu koşullar altında elde edilen akı ve ayırma faktörü değerleri ise sırasıyla 0.95 kg/m2.h ve 104'tür.Öğe Metal Organic Frameworks Loaded Polymeric Membranes in Pervaporative Desalination Applications: A Mini Review(Bursa Teknik Üniversitesi, 2021) Ünlü, DeryaPervaporative desalination is an efficacious method to obtain fresh water from saline water sources. High salt rejection and capacity to cope with high-salt concentration water solutions are important advantages of pervaporation process. To improve pervaporative desalination performance, researches concentrate on novel membrane types. Water stable metal organic frameworks loaded membranes attract substantial attention among novelty membrane applications. This study focuses on pervaporative desalination with MOF loaded polymeric membrane. First of all, the features of MOFs, synthesis methods, usage areas are explained. Then, MOFs loaded mixed matrix membranes, production methods, used MOF types in membranes and applications in pervaporative desalination are examined. At the end of the study, future expectation on the desalination applications of MOF loaded membranes are presented as concluding remarks. Metal organic framework loaded polymeric membranes are seen as promising candidates to obtain drinking water with high separation yield in pervaporative desalination process.Öğe Pervaporative Desalination by HKUST-1 and GrO@HKUST-1 Doped Sodium Alginate Hybrid Membrane(Konya Teknik Üniversitesi, 2022) Ünlü, DeryaIn this study, HKUST-1 and GrO@HKUST-1 metal organic framework were synthesized and added to the sodium alginate membrane for the manufacture of hybrid membranes to use in pervaporative desalination. The hybrid membranes were characterized by using FTIR, XRD, SEM, TGA and contact angle. The effects of HKUST-1 and GrO@HKUST-1 content in the sodium alginate membrane, feed NaCl concentration, and operation temperature were assessed for the flux and salt rejection. The addition of HKUST-1 and GrO@HKUST-1 to the sodium alginate membrane improved the purification performance in pervaporative desalination applications. The optimal loading ratios for HKUST-1 and GrO@HKUST-1 were specified as 3 wt% HKUST-1 and 3 wt% HKUST-1@GO, respectively. Optimum operation parameters were achieved at 60oC of temperature and a 4 wt% of feed NaCl concentration for both hybrid membranes. Hybrid membranes (GrO@HKUST-1 doping) exhibited excellent desalination performance with salt rejections of 99,99% and water fluxes of 6,59 kg/m2h.Öğe Pervaporative Desalination of Water Using Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose / Polyvinylpyrrolidone Blend Membranes(Bursa Teknik Üniversitesi, 2020) Ünlü, DeryaThe pervaporation is a promising process to achieve highly efficient desalination performance. In this study, Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) polymers were chosen in the synthesis of blend membranes and used for pervaporative desalination process. The chemical structure and thermal stability of membranes were analyzed by using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), respectively. The effects of PVP ratio in membrane and operation temperature on the flux and salt rejection were examined. The highest separation efficiency was acquired as water flux of 4.86 kg/m2h and a salt rejection of 99.9% using 50 wt% PVP ratio at 40 °C. The obtained results show that HPMC/PVP blend membrane has a great potential for water desalination via pervaporation.Öğe Polivinil Klorür/Perlit Nanokompozit Filmlerin Hazırlanması ve Uçucu Organik Bileşen Metanolün Pervaporasyon İle Sudan Giderilmesinde Kullanılması(E-Journal of New World Sciences Academy, 2020) Ünlü, DeryaEndüstriyel atık sulardan uçucu organik bileşenlerin giderilmesi çevre kirliliğinin önlenmesi için oldukça önemlidir. Bu çalışmada polivinil klorür/perlit nanokompozit filmler hazırlanarak uçucu organik bileşen metanolün pervaporasyon prosesi ile sudan giderilmesi incelenmiştir. Hazırlanan polivinil klorür/perlit nanokompozit filmler FTIR, TGA ve SEM ile karakterize edilmiştir. Polivinil klorür film içindeki perlit konsantrasyonu, operasyon sıcaklığı, beslemedeki metanol konsantrasyonu gibi parametrelerin pervaporasyon prosesi ile sudan metanolü uzaklaştırmada etkisi incelenmiştir. Polivinil klorür/perlit nanokompozit filmlerdeki perlit miktarı arttıkça ayırma faktörünün arttığı, geçiş hızının ise azaldığı görülmüştür. Sıcaklık ve besleme konsantrasyonundaki artış ise geçiş hızının artması ve ayırma faktörünün azalması ile sonuçlanmıştır. Ağırlıkça %2 metanol besleme konsantrasyonunda, 30oC'de, %8 perlit konsantrasyonunda 0.16kg/m2.sa akı ve 87 ayırma faktörü değeri elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen bu değerler literatürdeki çalışmalarla kıyaslandığında sulu çözeltilerden metanolün gideriminde PVC/perlit nanokompozit filmlerin oldukça başarılı bir ayırma performansı sergilediğini göstermiştir.Öğe Production of Fuel Bioadditive "Triacetin" Using a Phosphomolybdic-Acid-Loaded PVA Membrane in a Pervaporation Catalytic Membrane Reactor(Amer Chemical Soc, 2019) Ünlü, Derya; Hilmioglu, Nilufer DurmazThe objective of this article is to synthesize fuel bioadditive triacetin by the innovative membrane process with high yield under mild operating conditions. A phosphomolybdic-acid-loaded poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) membrane was prepared as a composite catalytic membrane. The composite catalytic membrane was placed in a membrane reactor cell. Water was separated continuously from the reaction medium using a pervaporation process for the improvement of glycerol conversion and triacetin selectivity. The effects of the operation conditions on glycerol conversion, triacetin selectivity, and separation performance were examined in detail. Although the glycerol conversion was 53% for 7 h using the phosphomolybdicacid-loaded PVA membrane pieces in the batch reactor, this value was 100% in 7 h using a phosphomolybdic-acid-loaded PVA membrane under the same operating conditions (reaction temperature 75 degrees C, catalyst concentration 5 wt %, and molar feed ratio 6:1) in the esterification coupled with pervaporation system. Furthermore, although triacetin selectivity was 0.6% in a batch reactor, this value was 76% in esterification coupled with a pervaporation process. As a result of the study, the esterification coupled with a pervaporation process was found to be an efficient process for the synthesis of triacetin with high selectivity.Öğe Purification of methylal/methanol mixtures by pervaporation process using ZIF-8 doped PEI membrane(Muhammet DOĞAN, 2023) Ünlü, DeryaIn this study, pervaporation process is evaluated for the separation of methylal/methanol mixtures. Polyetherimide (PEI) polymer was chosen for the membrane preparation due to the affinity of the methanol. ZIF-8 was used as additive for the membrane. ZIF-8 doped PEI membrane was synthesized and characterized. The chemical bond structure, thermal strength and morphology of the membranes were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), respectively. Separation performance of membranes were investigated in different operation temperatures, different feed methanol concentrations and different ZIF-8 loading ratios. Optimum operation conditions were determined as 20 °C of operation temperature and 6 wt. % of feed methanol concentration and 0.5 wt.% ZIF-8 loading ratio. Flux and methanol selectivity values were 0.57 kg/m2h and 8169, respectively.Öğe PVA/ Amberlit IRA 743 Hibrit Membran İle Endüstriyel Atık Sudan Bor Giderimi(2021) Özekmekci, Mehtap; Ünlü, Derya; Çopur, MehmetBu çalışmada, pervaporasyon prosesi ile endüstriyel atık sudan borun uzaklaştırılması incelenmiştir. Bu işlem için Saf PVA ve Amberlit IRA 743 katkılı PVA membranlar hazırlanmıştır. SEM analizinde, saf membranlarda yoğun ve homojen bir yapı gözlenirken, katkılı membranda Amberlit IRA 743 dağılımı açıkça görülmektedir. Amberlit IRA743 ilavesinin ve çapraz bağlanmanın membranın kimyasal bağ yapısında meydana getirdiği değişimler Fourier dönüşümlü kızılötesi (FTIR) spektroskopisi ile belirlenmiştir. Membranların suya karşı ilgisi şişme testi ile belirlenirken, yüzey hidrofilikliği temas açısı ölçümleriyle araştırılmıştır. Sıcaklığın ve Amberlit IRA 743 yükleme oranının membranın ayırma performansına etkisi incelenmiştir. Sıcaklığın artması suyun akısını artırırken bor giderimine önemli bir etkisi olmamıştır. Amberlit IRA 743 miktarının artması ile suyun akısı azalırken bor giderimi artmıştır. PVA/Amberlit IRA 743 membranların endüstriyel atık sulardan bor gideriminde yüksek ayırma performansı gösterdiği ve %99’dan daha fazla oranda bor giderildiği tespit edilmiştir.Öğe Recovery of cutting oil from wastewater by pervaporation process using natural clay modified PVA membrane(Iwa Publishing, 2019) Ünlü, DeryaIn this study, the pervaporative dehydration of the cutting oil 'diethylene glycol' (DEG) through a hydrophilic PVA membrane was investigated at various operation temperatures in the range of 333-363 K with a feed mixture containing 0.5-2.0 wt% water. The pervaporation (PV) performance of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) is enhanced by the addition of natural clay kaolin into the pristine membrane. The thermal stability of the membranes was analyzed by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The morphological analysis of the membranes was performed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Separation success was determined by calculation of flux, selectivity, and PSI. These values were investigated as functions of the clay amount, feed concentration and feed temperature. The obtained results show that PV is an effective method for recycling waste cutting oil from wastewater.Öğe Removal of boron from industrial wastewater using PVP/PVDF blend membrane and GO/PVP/PVDF hybrid membrane by pervaporation(Springer, 2021) Özekmekçi, Mehtap; Ünlü, Derya; Çopur, MehmetRemoval of boron from water is a significant issue worldwide. Boron levels in waters containing high concentrations should be kept under control. Boron removal from the industrial wastewater released from Eti Mine Boron plants was investigated by using blend and hybrid membranes in a laboratory-scale pervaporation system. Polyvinylpyrrolidone/Polyvinylidene fluoride blend membrane and Graphene oxide/Polyvinylpyrrolidone/Polyvinylidene fluoride hybrid membranes were synthesized for this process. The membranes were characterized by using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction and contact angle measurements. Separation performance was evaluated in terms of flux, removal ratio of boron, and boron concentration in permeate within the membrane. Membranes showed higher separation performance in industrial wastewater. The highest boron removal was obtained as 99.86% with a flux of 0.755 kg/m2h when the 8 wt% graphene oxide loaded hybrid membrane was used. This study indicates that the Polyvinylpyrrolidone and Graphene oxide addition improved the membrane features and separation performances of the pervaporation process with improved hydrophilic membrane features can be preferred as an innovative water treatment method for the removal of boron from industrial wastewater. The obtained results show that pervaporation can be readily adapted to the removal of boron species by appropriate membrane selection.Öğe Simulation of Hydrogen Production from Hydrolysis of Ammonia Borane for Hydrogen Fuel Cell Applications through Aspen HYSYS(Turkish Chemical Society, 2022) Aras, Sefa; Ünlü, DeryaHydrogen is an efficient, clean, and sustainable energy carrier with high energy density and zero emission, which can find important applications in fuel cells. Hydrolysis of ammonia borane is an enormous alternative to produce hydrogen. In this study, the hydrogen production via hydrolysis of ammonia borane for hydrogen fuel cell applications was investigated by using ASPEN HYSYS. Firstly, the thermodynamic method and suitable reactor were specified with depending on hydrogen production rate. The influences of reaction temperature and feed mass flow rate of water on the hydrogen production rate were studied. Hydrogen was acquired in the act of mixture with ammonia, boric acid, and unreacted water at the end of the reaction. First of all, solid boric acid was removed from the product mixture. Hydrogen would be purified from ammonia and water by using the separatory equipment. The goal of this study is to obtain the high production rate and high purity of hydrogen for hydrogen fuel cell applications. The optimum operation parameters were determined as 30°C of reaction temperature and 0.1 of feed water concentration. 99.9% purity of hydrogen was obtained at 30°C. The obtained results show that ASPEN HYSYS could be successfully applied for the determination of optimum reaction conditions and appropriate equipment for high production rate and purity hydrogen production from hydrolysis of ammonia borane.Öğe Synthesis of Graphene Oxide Loaded Chitosan/ Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose Bionanocomposite Films and Usage of Controlled Release of Anti-Cancer Drug 5- Fluorouracil(Osman SAĞDIÇ, 2021) Akal, Mürit; Demirdere, Muhammed Emre; Ünlü, DeryaControlled drug release systems have attracted a lot of attention in recent years in order to minimize the amount of drug used, to extend the period of taking drugs, and to eliminate the side effects that may occur during treatment. The main aim for using drug release is to provide a more effective treatment method. In this study, bionanocomposite films were synthesized for controlled drug release. Chitosan and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose were used as biobased polymers. The release performances of graphene oxide loaded films were investigated by drug loading on the films. The anticancer drug 5-Fluorouracil was chosen as the model drug. Chemical bond structures of the synthesized films were determined by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). Compatibility, miscibility and distribution of the added additives were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM analysis). The water swelling tests were performed because of the importanece of the degree of swelling of the films in drug release. As the amount of graphene oxide increased, the degree of swelling initially increased and then tended to decrease. While a swelling degree of 321.68% was observed in the 20% graphene oxide loaded chitosan/hydroxypropyl methylcellulose bionanocomposite film, it was 248% in the 30% graphene oxide loaded chitosan/hydroxypropyl methylcellulose bionanocomposite film. The drug encapsulation efficiency increased slightly as the amount of graphene oxide increased. The highest drug encapsulation efficiency was obtained as 69.90% in 30% graphene oxide loaded chitosan hydroxypropyl methylcellulose bionanocomposite film at the end of the 12 hours. The percentage of drug release in the same film was obtained as 9.87% at the end of 4 days. The best drug release medium was determined as pH=7.4. The results obtained showed that the synthesized films could be improved and the percentage of drug release could be increased by increasing the amount of graphene oxide.
