Gemlik limanlarının lojistik performansının Türkiye'nin uluslararası ticaretteki yerine katkısı
Küçük Resim Yok
Tarih
2021
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Bursa Teknik Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Küreselleşme, 21. asrın başından itibaren ülkeleri ve toplumları derinden etkileyen bir olgudur. Küreselleşme ile birlikte dünyamız klasik deyimle küçülmüş adeta evrensel köy haline gelmiştir. Bunula birlikte, uluslararası sınırların ortadan kalktığı, yeni Dünya evrensel köy tabiri ile ifade edilmektedir. Küreselleşme neticesindeki bilgi teknolojileri ile kurumlar ve bireyler çok etkin ve hızlı iletişim sayesinde mal, hizmet ve bilgi paylaşımı imkanına sahiptir. Küreselleşmenin getirdiği pazar bütünleşmesi ile de ülkelerin yakınlaşmasına zemin hazırlamıştır. Bu yakınlaşma taşımacılık hizmetlerinin hareketlenmesine ve lojistik faaliyetlerin etkinliğinin önemini ortaya çıkarmıştır. Küresel ekonomik değerlerin devamını sağlayan günümüzün en önemli kavramı lojistik olarak görülmektedir. Evrensel köy haline gelen dünyada yeni yüzyılın öne çıkan üç faaliyet alanından birisi de lojistik olarak gösterilmektedir. Dünyadaki ticari etkinliklerin hammadde temini ile ürün elde edilmesi aşaması ve bu ürünlerin dünya pazarlarında yer edinmesindeki en önemli faaliyet alanı lojistiktir. Küresel ekonomik faaliyetlerin yegâne sonucu olan ürün ya da hizmetlerin müşteriye ulaşması ve müşteri memnuniyeti ile üretimin ya da hizmetin devamını sağlayan nedenlerdir. Lojistik, müşterilerin ihtiyaçlarını karşılamak üzere her türlü ürünün, servis hizmetinin ve bilgi akışının, başlangıç noktasından tüketildiği son noktaya kadar olan tedarik zinciri içindeki hareketinin etkili ve verimli bir şekilde planlanması, uygulanması, taşınması, depolanması ve kontrol altında tutulması olarak tanımlanabilir. Lojistik sektörü, insanların günlük yaşantılarını devam ettirirken farkında olmadıkları, ancak yaşantılarını devam ettirmek için ihtiyaç duydukları hemen hemen her şeyin ihtiyaç sahibine ulaşmasında çok önemli olmakla beraber, her alanda hayatı kolaylaştırmaktadır. Bu kadar geniş bir yelpazede hizmet sunan lojistik sektörünün, özellikle dış ticaret açısından önemi büyüktür. Türkiye küresel ekonominin lojistik ayağını kullanabilmesi, jeopolitik ve jeostratejik konumundan tam olarak faydalanabilmesi durumunda çok büyük ekonomik kazanım elde edilebilecektir. Bu çalışma ile lojistik sektöründe sunulan hizmetlerde ortaya çıkan gelişmelerin, Türkiye'nin ihracatı üzerinde iyileştirici bir etkisinin olup olmadığı ve ihracata dayalı ekonomik büyüme ile lojistik sektöründe ortaya çıkan gelişmeler arasında bir bağlantının olup olmadığı ortaya konulmak istenilmektedir. Türkiye coğrafi konum, genç ve dinamik nüfusuyla lojistik sektörünün dünyadaki merkezlerinden biri olma potansiyeline sahip ender ülkelerden birisindir. Bu artılarını kullanabilmesi ise lojistik üs olma potansiyeli ile sektörel önderliğe erişmesini mümkün hale getirebilir. Günümüzde dünya ekonomik değerlerinin en önemli ayağı ise lojistik alanındaki denizcilik faaliyetlerini oluşturmaktadır. Dünyanın dörtte üçünün sularla kaplı olması, ticaretin denizaşırı ülkelere kayması, yüksek hacimli yük taşıma kapasitesi ve maliyetinin diğer taşıma türlerine göre düşüklüğü gibi nedenlere bağlı olarak küresel ticaretin yükünü denizler tarafından taşınmaktadır. Denizcilik faaliyetlerinin en yoğun kilit noktasını ise, limanlar meydana getirmektedir. Türkiye üç tarafı denizlerle ile çevrili bir ülke ve 8333 km. uzunluğundaki kıyı şeridi ile Avrasya kavşağında bulunan Anadolu toprakları sayesinde coğrafi ve jeostratejik avantajları yüksek bir konumdadır. Bursa, bir ticaret merkezi durumundaki konumu ve Marmara iç denizinin Gemlik limanlarını kapı olarak kullanması dolayısıyla bu yetkinliğe sahip bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada uluslararası lojistik sistemi kapsamında çerçevesinde de Gemlik limanlarının nitelikleri bunları hangi aşamada karşılamak kapasitesine sahip olduğunu tespit etmek amaçlanmaktadır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, Türkiye'nin uluslararası ticarette Gemlik limanlarının ihracat ve ithalat anlamında lojistik performansını ortaya çıkarmaktır. Gemlik limanlarının Türkiye ekonomisindeki yerini değerlendirmektir. Marmara Denizi'nin lojistik üssü olarak görülen Gemlik limanlarının jeopolitik ve jeostratejik olarak denizyolu lojistiğinin mevcut durumunu ortaya çıkarmaktadır. Küresel rekabet; şirketlerin ürünlerini ve hizmetlerini müşteri tatminini üzerine hareket ederek hız ve zaman esaslı bir hale getirmiştir. Günümüz piyasa şartlarında üretim maliyetleri ile istenilen kalite yaklaşık aynı seviyeler de bulunmaktadır. Buradaki farkı ortaya çıkaran kavram lojistik hizmetlerinin yönetimiyle belirlenmektedir. Dış ticarette lojistik sektörü, olmazsa olmaz unsurdur. İthal edilen veya ihraç edilen tüm ürünler lojistik hizmetlere mutlaka konu olmaktadır. Dolayısıyla dış ticaret ve lojistik, özellikle de taşımacılık arasında bir ilişki olduğu ve bu ilişkinin de dolaylı olarak ekonomik büyümeyi etkilediği bu çalışmanın temel varsayımıdır. Kullanılan verilerin karşılaştırılması ve değerlendirilmesi neticesinde Gemlik limanlarının potansiyel varlığının istenilen değerlerin altında bulunduğu gerçek potansiyelinin ortaya çıkarılması için ihtiyaç duyulan yatırım desteklerinin kamusal ve özel kuruluşlar tarafından koordineli bir şekilde çözümlemelerinin yapılıp hazırlıkların kazan-kazan esaslı bir zihinsel birliktelik içinde hareket edilemesi ile mümkün olacağı öngörülmektedir.
Globalization is a phenomenon that has deeply affected countries and societies since the beginning of the 21st century. With globalization, our world has shrunk to a universal village. However, the disappearance of international borders is expressed by the expression of the new world universal village. With the information technologies as a result of globalization, institutions and individuals have the opportunity to share goods, services and information thanks to very effective and fast communication. With the market integration brought by globalization, it has prepared the ground for the convergence of countries. This convergence has revealed the importance of the mobilization of transportation services and the effectiveness of logistics activities. The most important concept of today, which ensures the continuation of global economic values, is seen as logistics. In the world that has become a universal village, one of the three prominent fields of activity of the new century is logistics. Logistics is the most important field of activity for the commercial activities in the world to obtain products with the supply of raw materials and for these products to take place in the world markets. The only result of global economic activities is the delivery of products or services to customers and the reasons that ensure customer satisfaction and the continuation of production or service. Logistics can be defined as the effective and efficient planning, implementation, transportation, storage and control of the movement of all kinds of products, services and information flows in the supply chain from the starting point to the last point of consumption in order to meet the needs of customers. The logistics sector makes life easier in every field, although it is very important in reaching the needy of almost everything that people are not aware of while continuing their daily lives, but they need to continue their lives. The logistics industry, which offers such a wide range of services, is especially important in terms of foreign trade. If Turkey is able to use the logistics pillar of the global economy and fully benefit from its geopolitical and geostrategic position, enormous economic gains will be achieved. With this study, it is aimed to reveal whether the developments in the services provided in the logistics sector have a healing effect on Turkey's exports and whether there is a connection between export-based economic growth and the developments in the logistics sector. With its geographical location, young and dynamic population, Turkey is one of the rare countries that has the potential to become one of the centers of the logistics industry in the world. Using these advantages can make it possible to reach sectoral leadership with the potential of being a logistics base. Today, the most important pillar of the world's economic values is the maritime activities in the field of logistics. The seas carry the burden of global trade due to reasons such as the fact that three quarters of the world is covered with water, trade shifts to overseas countries, high volume cargo carrying capacity and low cost compared to other modes of transportation. The most intense key point of maritime activities is the ports. Turkey is a country surrounded by seas on three sides and is 8333 km. Thanks to its long coastline and Anatolian lands at the junction of Eurasia, it has a high geographical and geostrategic advantages. Bursa has this competence due to its location as a trade center and using the Gemlik ports of the Marmara inland sea as a gateway. In this study, it is aimed to determine the qualifications of Gemlik ports, at what stage they have the capacity to meet them, within the framework of the international logistics system. In line with this purpose, to reveal the logistics performance of Gemlik ports in Turkey's international trade in terms of export and import. To evaluate the place of Gemlik ports in the Turkish economy. Gemlik ports, which are seen as the logistics base of the Sea of Marmara, reveal the current state of maritime logistics geopolitically and geostrategically. Global competition; has made the products and services of companies based on speed and time by acting on customer satisfaction. In today's market conditions, the production costs and the desired quality are about the same level. The concept that makes the difference here is determined by the management of logistics services. The logistics sector in foreign trade is an indispensable element. All imported or exported products are necessarily subject to logistics services. Therefore, it is the basic assumption of this study that there is a relationship between foreign trade and logistics, especially transportation, and that this relationship indirectly affects economic growth. As a result of the comparison and evaluation of the data used, it is envisaged that the investment supports needed to reveal the real potential of the potential existence of Gemlik ports are below the desired values, and the preparations will be made in a coordinated manner by public and private institutions, and the preparations will be possible by acting in a mental unity on a win-win basis
Globalization is a phenomenon that has deeply affected countries and societies since the beginning of the 21st century. With globalization, our world has shrunk to a universal village. However, the disappearance of international borders is expressed by the expression of the new world universal village. With the information technologies as a result of globalization, institutions and individuals have the opportunity to share goods, services and information thanks to very effective and fast communication. With the market integration brought by globalization, it has prepared the ground for the convergence of countries. This convergence has revealed the importance of the mobilization of transportation services and the effectiveness of logistics activities. The most important concept of today, which ensures the continuation of global economic values, is seen as logistics. In the world that has become a universal village, one of the three prominent fields of activity of the new century is logistics. Logistics is the most important field of activity for the commercial activities in the world to obtain products with the supply of raw materials and for these products to take place in the world markets. The only result of global economic activities is the delivery of products or services to customers and the reasons that ensure customer satisfaction and the continuation of production or service. Logistics can be defined as the effective and efficient planning, implementation, transportation, storage and control of the movement of all kinds of products, services and information flows in the supply chain from the starting point to the last point of consumption in order to meet the needs of customers. The logistics sector makes life easier in every field, although it is very important in reaching the needy of almost everything that people are not aware of while continuing their daily lives, but they need to continue their lives. The logistics industry, which offers such a wide range of services, is especially important in terms of foreign trade. If Turkey is able to use the logistics pillar of the global economy and fully benefit from its geopolitical and geostrategic position, enormous economic gains will be achieved. With this study, it is aimed to reveal whether the developments in the services provided in the logistics sector have a healing effect on Turkey's exports and whether there is a connection between export-based economic growth and the developments in the logistics sector. With its geographical location, young and dynamic population, Turkey is one of the rare countries that has the potential to become one of the centers of the logistics industry in the world. Using these advantages can make it possible to reach sectoral leadership with the potential of being a logistics base. Today, the most important pillar of the world's economic values is the maritime activities in the field of logistics. The seas carry the burden of global trade due to reasons such as the fact that three quarters of the world is covered with water, trade shifts to overseas countries, high volume cargo carrying capacity and low cost compared to other modes of transportation. The most intense key point of maritime activities is the ports. Turkey is a country surrounded by seas on three sides and is 8333 km. Thanks to its long coastline and Anatolian lands at the junction of Eurasia, it has a high geographical and geostrategic advantages. Bursa has this competence due to its location as a trade center and using the Gemlik ports of the Marmara inland sea as a gateway. In this study, it is aimed to determine the qualifications of Gemlik ports, at what stage they have the capacity to meet them, within the framework of the international logistics system. In line with this purpose, to reveal the logistics performance of Gemlik ports in Turkey's international trade in terms of export and import. To evaluate the place of Gemlik ports in the Turkish economy. Gemlik ports, which are seen as the logistics base of the Sea of Marmara, reveal the current state of maritime logistics geopolitically and geostrategically. Global competition; has made the products and services of companies based on speed and time by acting on customer satisfaction. In today's market conditions, the production costs and the desired quality are about the same level. The concept that makes the difference here is determined by the management of logistics services. The logistics sector in foreign trade is an indispensable element. All imported or exported products are necessarily subject to logistics services. Therefore, it is the basic assumption of this study that there is a relationship between foreign trade and logistics, especially transportation, and that this relationship indirectly affects economic growth. As a result of the comparison and evaluation of the data used, it is envisaged that the investment supports needed to reveal the real potential of the potential existence of Gemlik ports are below the desired values, and the preparations will be made in a coordinated manner by public and private institutions, and the preparations will be possible by acting in a mental unity on a win-win basis
Açıklama
Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Uluslararası Ekonomi Politikası Ana Bilim Dalı, Uluslararası Ekonomi Politikası Bilim Dalı
Anahtar Kelimeler
Ekonomi, Economics
