Bursa Teknik Üniversitesi kampüsünün ekolojik kampüs kriterlerine uygun olarak bitkilendirilmesi: Deneysel bir kampüs tasarım önerisi
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2022
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
İlk oluşturulduklarında kentsel bir kurum olarak hizmet eden üniversiteler, tarihsel gelişim süreci içinde kent dışında bağımsız yerleşkelere dönüşmüşlerdir. Günümüzde bu bağımsız yerleşim modeli, evrensel olarak 'kampüs' ismi ile adlandırılmaktadır. 19. yüzyıldan başlayarak çeşitli gereksinimler sebebiyle kent dışına doğru gelişim gösteren kampüsler, kendi ihtiyaçlarını kendi içlerinde çözebilecek çok fonksiyonlu bir yapı geliştirmişlerdir. Bu fonksiyonlar aynı zamanda kampüs alanlarını tasarlarken belirli tasarım kriterlerinin dikkate alınmasını da zorunlu hale getirmiştir. Bu tasarım yaklaşımlarından biri olan ekolojik tasarım yaklaşımı, iklim değişikliği ve küresel ölçekte meydana gelen diğer sorunlara alternatif çözüm arayışları geliştiren bir yaklaşımdır. 1972 Stockholm Bildirgesi ile, kampüs sürdürülebilirliğinin küresel bir endişe haline gelmesi, üniversite kampüslerinde yapılacak olan tasarım yaklaşımlarında, ekolojik yaklaşımlar geliştirmeyi zorunlu hale getirmiştir. Ekolojik tasarım yaklaşımları benimsenerek (enerji etkin, su etkin, atık etkin, iklim etkin) oluşturulan kampüs alanları kendi içlerinde sürdürülebilirliklerini sağlayabilmektedirler. Üniversitelerin ekolojik kampüs tasarım kriterlerine ne kadar uyumlu olduğunu değerlendirmek için bazı değerlendirme kriterleri geliştirilmiştir. Bu değerlendirme kriterleri LEED, BREEM ve Green Metric gibi sertifikalar kullanılarak puanlandırılmaktadır. Kampüs alanlarında enerji, su, iklim, malzeme ve atık özelliklerini dikkate alan bu sertifika sistemleri, uygun şartları sağlayan kampüslere sertifika sağlamaktadır. Çalışma alanı olarak belirlenen Bursa Teknik Üniversitesi Mimar Sinan Kampüsü, LEED sertifikasına göre değerlendirilmiştir. Bu değerlendirme alanda iki kere yapılmıştır. İlk olarak alanın ekolojik peyzaj çalışması yapılmadan önceki puan değeri ortaya konulmuştur. Daha sonra alana yeni bir ekolojik peyzaj çalışması önerilmiş ve bu önerilen proje kapsamında yeniden puanlandırma yapılmıştır. Puanlama sonucunda yapılan ekolojik uygulamalar ile sertifikadan kaç puan değerinin elde edilebileceği değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda BTÜ Mimar Sinan Kampüsüne ekolojik peyzaj tasarımı yapılmadan ve yapıldıktan sonraki puan değerleri incelenmiş ve kampüse önerilecek olan ekolojik peyzaj çalışması ile LEED'de hangi sertifikayı alabileceği incelenmiştir. Bu değerlendirme, alandaki yapısal ve bitkisel öneriler ile ne kadar puan değerinin elde edildiği ve ekolojik peyzaj tasarımında bitkisel materyalin önemi ortaya konulmuştur. Alana önerilen ekolojik peyzaj tasarımı ile BTÜ Mimar Sinan Kampüsünün ekolojik peyzaj değeri yükseltilmiş ve kentsel ekosistem içindeki önemi arttırılmıştır.
Universities, which served as an urban institution when they were first established, have turned into independent campuses outside the city in the course of historical development. Today, this independent settlement model is universally called 'campus'. Starting from the 19th century, the campuses, which have developed towards the outskirts of the city due to various needs, have developed a multifunctional structure that can solve their own needs. These functions also indispensable the consideration of certain design criteria when designing campus areas. Ecological design approach, which is one of these design approaches, is an approach that develops alternative solutions to climate change and other problems occurring on a global scale. With the 1972 Stockholm Declaration, campus sustainability has become a global concern, doing it necessary to develop ecological approaches in design approaches on university campuses. Campus areas formed by adopting ecological design approaches (energy efficient, water efficient, waste efficient, climate efficient) can ensure their sustainability within themselves. Some evaluation criteria have been developed to evaluate how well the universities comply with the ecological campus design criteria. These evaluation criteria are scored using certificates such as LEED, BREEAM and Green Metric. These certification systems, which take into account the energy, water, climate, material and waste characteristics in the campus areas, to give certificates to the campuses that meet the appropriate conditions. Bursa Technical University Mimar Sinan Campus, which was determined as the study area, was evaluated according to the LEED certificate. This assessment was made twice in the field. First, the point value of the area before the ecological landscape study was carried out. Then, a new ecological landscape study was proposed for the area and re-scoring was done within the scope of this proposed project. As a result of the scoring, it was evaluated how many points the certificate could be obtained with the ecological applications. As a result of the study, the score values before and after the ecological landscape design for BTU Mimar Sinan Campus were examined and it was examined which certificate can be obtained in LEED with the ecological landscape study that will be proposed to the campus. In this evaluation, how much point value was obtained with the structural and plant suggestions in the field and the importance of plant material in ecological landscape design were revealed. With the ecological landscape design proposed for the area, the ecological landscape value of BTU Mimar Sinan Campus has been increased and its importance in the urban ecosystem has been increased.
Universities, which served as an urban institution when they were first established, have turned into independent campuses outside the city in the course of historical development. Today, this independent settlement model is universally called 'campus'. Starting from the 19th century, the campuses, which have developed towards the outskirts of the city due to various needs, have developed a multifunctional structure that can solve their own needs. These functions also indispensable the consideration of certain design criteria when designing campus areas. Ecological design approach, which is one of these design approaches, is an approach that develops alternative solutions to climate change and other problems occurring on a global scale. With the 1972 Stockholm Declaration, campus sustainability has become a global concern, doing it necessary to develop ecological approaches in design approaches on university campuses. Campus areas formed by adopting ecological design approaches (energy efficient, water efficient, waste efficient, climate efficient) can ensure their sustainability within themselves. Some evaluation criteria have been developed to evaluate how well the universities comply with the ecological campus design criteria. These evaluation criteria are scored using certificates such as LEED, BREEAM and Green Metric. These certification systems, which take into account the energy, water, climate, material and waste characteristics in the campus areas, to give certificates to the campuses that meet the appropriate conditions. Bursa Technical University Mimar Sinan Campus, which was determined as the study area, was evaluated according to the LEED certificate. This assessment was made twice in the field. First, the point value of the area before the ecological landscape study was carried out. Then, a new ecological landscape study was proposed for the area and re-scoring was done within the scope of this proposed project. As a result of the scoring, it was evaluated how many points the certificate could be obtained with the ecological applications. As a result of the study, the score values before and after the ecological landscape design for BTU Mimar Sinan Campus were examined and it was examined which certificate can be obtained in LEED with the ecological landscape study that will be proposed to the campus. In this evaluation, how much point value was obtained with the structural and plant suggestions in the field and the importance of plant material in ecological landscape design were revealed. With the ecological landscape design proposed for the area, the ecological landscape value of BTU Mimar Sinan Campus has been increased and its importance in the urban ecosystem has been increased.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kampüs, ekolojik tasarım, yeşil sertifika, LEED, bitkisel tasarım, Campus, ecological design, green certificate, LEED, herbal design
