Optimization of a multi-generation renewable energy supply system for a net-zero energy building with PCM-integrated Trombe wall

Abstract

This study aims to perform the thermal performance and economic optimization of a phase change material (PCM)-integrated Trombe wall to achieve a zero energy building (ZEB) to reduce overheating in summer. For this purpose, a ground source heat pump (GSHP) is used to condition a 120 m(2) single-family building by providing both heating and cooling. Also, three different building configurations are investigated for three different climate zones of T & uuml;rkiye. Of these configurations, the shaded PCM-integrated Trombe wall building (TWB) has the lowest annual energy consumption compared to the standard building (SB). The performance of the Trombe wall is assessed using thermal efficiency, effectiveness and energy reduction rate; the thermal comfort of the building is evaluated using the Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) and Predicted Percentage of Dissatisfied (PPD) indices; and the economic performance is analyzed through the Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) and payback period. On-grid photovoltaic-thermal (PV/T) and wind turbine (WT) provide the annual electricity consumption of building, resulting in a net ZEB in TRNSYS software. The particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm in the GenOpt software is then used to economically optimize the size of PV/T and WT system that satisfies the annual energy need and domestic hot water (DHW) requirements of building. Accordingly, the annual electrical energy reduction rate of the PCM-integrated TWB compared to the SB is 11.9 %, 18.0 %, and 34.3 % for Bursa, Ankara, and Erzurum provinces, respectively. While the effectiveness is calculated as 24.7 %, 44.1 % and 34.9 %, the efficiency is also calculated as 65.8 %, 61.9 % and 58.4 % for Bursa, Ankara, and Erzurum provinces, respectively for the PCM-integrated TWB. Hourly levelized total capital investment cost rate of PV/T and WT systems are 0.35 $/h, 0.42 $/h, and 0.40 $/h whereas LCOE are 0.05 $/kWh, 0.07 $/kWh, and 0.03 $/kWh in Bursa, Ankara and Erzurum, respectively.