Myrtus communıs l. (Mersin) bitkisinin uçucu yağ ve meyve ekstraktlarının bitkisel drog olarak kullanımının araştırılması
Küçük Resim Yok
Tarih
2025
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Bursa Teknik Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Son yıllarda sentetik ürünler, kimyasal maruziyetler ile teknolojinin getirdiği radyoaktif ve manyetik kirlilik gibi çevresel sorunlar giderek sağlık endişelerini artırmaktadır. Bu gibi zararlardan korunmak ve sağlıklı yaşam çözümlerine ulaşmak amacıyla tüm dünyada bitkisel ürünlere yöneliş öne çıkmaktadır. Türkiye'nin doğal bitki florasında geniş yayılımları bulunan tıbbi ve aromatik bitki olan Myrtus communis L. (mersin) bitkisinin kullanımı ve değerlendirilmesi önem kazanmaktadır. Bu tez kapsamında sağlığa olumlu etkileri olabilecek meyve ekstraktı ile zenginleştirilmiş Myrtus communis bitkisinin biyoaktivitesinin araştırılması ve bir drog olarak kullanım potansiyelinin incelenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Bu amaçla bitkinin doğal yetişme alanı olan altı farklı ilden (Hatay, İzmir, Isparta, Bursa, Sinop, Mersin) temin edilen bitkinin yapraklarından mikrodalga destekli ekstraksiyon yöntemi ile uçucu yağ elde edilmiştir. Uçucu yağ bileşenleri GC-MS (Gaz Kromatografisi-Kütle Spektroskopisi) yöntemi ile karakterize edilmiştir. Myrtus communis L. meyve örnekleri hidroalkolik ekstraksiyona tabi tutulmuştur. Her bir bölgenin meyve ekstraktları için -80°C ve 0,05 bar altında liyofizasyon yolu ile kurutma işlemleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Meyvelerin, fenolik ve flavonoid içeriklerinin belirlenmesi için toplam fenolik içeriği (TPC) ve toplam flavonoid içeriği (TFC) analizleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Antioksidan aktivite belirlenmesi için bakır (II) iyonu indirgeme (CUPRAC) yöntemi ve difenil 2-pikril hidrazil (DPPH) serbest radikalleri giderme aktivitesi yöntemi uygulanmıştır. Meyve ekstrakt örneklerinin fenolik madde içeriklerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla Yüksek Performanslı Sıvı Kromatografisi (HPLC) yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Yaprak uçucu yağları ve meyve ekstrakt örneklerinde antimikrobiyal aktivite analizleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yaprak uçucu yağ verimleri bölgelere göre %0,161-0,808 arasında farklılık göstermiştir. Tüm bölgelerin uçucu yağlarında en fazla bulunan üç ana bileşen; 1,8-sineol, ?-pinen ve linalool olarak tespit edilmiştir. Meyve ekstraktlarında bulunan TPC tayini, gallik asit eşdeğeri (GAE) olarak 206,42-161,08 mg/g arasında bulunmuştur. TFC tayininde ise kateşin eşdeğeri (CE) olarak 26,77-23,42 mg/g ekstrakt şeklinde ölçüm sonuçlarına ulaşılmıştır. Bölgeler arasındaki farklar açısından DPPH yöntemiyle IC50 inhibisyon değeri (aktiviteyi %50 azaltan ekstrakt) sonuçları ile CUPRAC yöntemi Troloks eşdeğer konsantrasyon (TEAC) sonuçları benzer bulunmuştur. Her iki yöntemde en yüksek aktivite sırasıyla Bursa, Isparta ve Sinop örneklerinde görülmüştür. Kromatografik ölçümlerde gallik asit (GA), kateşin (CE), epigallo kateşin 3-gallat (EGCG) içerikleri bölgelere göre farklı seviyelerde görülmekle birlikte GA içeriği (67,76 mg/mL) en yüksek Bursa, CE ve EGCG içerikleri ise (sırasıyla 347,54 ve 13,35 mg/mL) en yüksek Isparta ve İzmir örneklerinde tespit edilmiştir. Antibakteriyel analizlerde tüm bölgelerin uçucu yağ örneklerinde S. aureus ATCC 25923 bakterisine karşı antibakteriyel aktivite yüksek (duyarlı zon çapı (+/++); 12,16-15,2 mm) bulunmuştur. Bu bulgular ışığında bitkinin meyve ekstraktı ve yapraklarından elde edilen drog materyalinin hem antioksidan aktivitesi hem de fenolik bileşen içeriği yüksek, fitoterapide kullanılabilecek sağlık ürünü hedefini karşılayabileceği ortaya konmuştur. Anahtar kelimeler: Myrtus communis, Ekstraksiyon, Uçucu yağ, Flavonoid, Antioksidan, Fitoterapi.
In recent years, environmental issues such as synthetic products, chemical exposures, radioactive and electromagnetic pollution brought by technology have increasingly raised health concerns. In order to protect against such damages and to reach healthy life solutions, the tendency towards herbal products is becoming prominent all over the world. The use and evaluation of Myrtus communis L. (Mortelle), a medicinal and aromatic plant that has wide distribution in the natural plant flora of Turkey, is gaining importance. This thesis aims to investigate the bioactive potential of Myrtus communis L. fruit extract and its possible use as a pharmaceutical agent with high bioactivity. For this purpose, essential oil was obtained from the leaves of the plant obtained from six different provinces (Hatay, İzmir, Isparta, Bursa, Sinop, Mersin) where the plant grows naturally, using the microwave-assisted extraction method. The essential oil components were characterized by GC-MS (Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy) method. Myrtus communis L. fruit samples were subjected to hydroalcoholic extraction. The fruit extracts of each region were dried by lyophization at -80°C and 0.05 bar. Total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) analyses were performed to determine the phenolic and flavonoid contents of the fruits. Copper (II) ion reduction (CUPRAC) method and diphenyl 2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity method were applied to determine antioxidant activity. High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method was used to determine the phenolic content of the fruit extract samples. Antimicrobial activity analyses were performed on leaf essential oils and fruit extract samples. Leaf essential oil yields varied between 0.161-0.808 % according to provinces. The three main components found in the essential oils of all regions were 1,8-cineole, ?-pinene and linalool. The determination of TPC in fruit extracts was found between 206.42-161.08 mg/g as gallic acid equivalent (GAE). In the determination of TFC, catechin equivalent (CE) results were obtained as 26.77-23.42 mg/g extract. In terms of the differences between the regions, the results of IC50 inhibition value (extract reducing the activity by 50%) by DPPH method and Troloks equivalent concentration (TEAC) results by CUPRAC method were similar. The highest activity in both methods was observed in Bursa, Isparta and Sinop samples, respectively. In chromatographic measurements, gallic acid (GA), catechin (CE), epigallocatechin 3-gallate (EGCG) contents were observed at different levels according to the regions, but the highest GA content (67.76 mg/mL) was detected in Bursa, and the highest CE and EGCG contents (347.54 and 13.35 mg/mL, respectively) were detected in Isparta and İzmir samples. In antibacterial analysis, antibacterial activity against S. aureus ATCC 25923 bacteria was found to be high (sensitive zone diameter (+/++); 12.16-15.2 mm) in essential oil samples of all regions. In the light of these findings, it was revealed that the drug material obtained from the fruit extract and leaves of the plant will meet the target of complementary health product food supplementation with high antioxidant activity and phenolic component content. Key words: Myrtus communis, Extraction, Essential oil, Flavonoid, Antioxidant, Phytotherapy.
In recent years, environmental issues such as synthetic products, chemical exposures, radioactive and electromagnetic pollution brought by technology have increasingly raised health concerns. In order to protect against such damages and to reach healthy life solutions, the tendency towards herbal products is becoming prominent all over the world. The use and evaluation of Myrtus communis L. (Mortelle), a medicinal and aromatic plant that has wide distribution in the natural plant flora of Turkey, is gaining importance. This thesis aims to investigate the bioactive potential of Myrtus communis L. fruit extract and its possible use as a pharmaceutical agent with high bioactivity. For this purpose, essential oil was obtained from the leaves of the plant obtained from six different provinces (Hatay, İzmir, Isparta, Bursa, Sinop, Mersin) where the plant grows naturally, using the microwave-assisted extraction method. The essential oil components were characterized by GC-MS (Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy) method. Myrtus communis L. fruit samples were subjected to hydroalcoholic extraction. The fruit extracts of each region were dried by lyophization at -80°C and 0.05 bar. Total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) analyses were performed to determine the phenolic and flavonoid contents of the fruits. Copper (II) ion reduction (CUPRAC) method and diphenyl 2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity method were applied to determine antioxidant activity. High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method was used to determine the phenolic content of the fruit extract samples. Antimicrobial activity analyses were performed on leaf essential oils and fruit extract samples. Leaf essential oil yields varied between 0.161-0.808 % according to provinces. The three main components found in the essential oils of all regions were 1,8-cineole, ?-pinene and linalool. The determination of TPC in fruit extracts was found between 206.42-161.08 mg/g as gallic acid equivalent (GAE). In the determination of TFC, catechin equivalent (CE) results were obtained as 26.77-23.42 mg/g extract. In terms of the differences between the regions, the results of IC50 inhibition value (extract reducing the activity by 50%) by DPPH method and Troloks equivalent concentration (TEAC) results by CUPRAC method were similar. The highest activity in both methods was observed in Bursa, Isparta and Sinop samples, respectively. In chromatographic measurements, gallic acid (GA), catechin (CE), epigallocatechin 3-gallate (EGCG) contents were observed at different levels according to the regions, but the highest GA content (67.76 mg/mL) was detected in Bursa, and the highest CE and EGCG contents (347.54 and 13.35 mg/mL, respectively) were detected in Isparta and İzmir samples. In antibacterial analysis, antibacterial activity against S. aureus ATCC 25923 bacteria was found to be high (sensitive zone diameter (+/++); 12.16-15.2 mm) in essential oil samples of all regions. In the light of these findings, it was revealed that the drug material obtained from the fruit extract and leaves of the plant will meet the target of complementary health product food supplementation with high antioxidant activity and phenolic component content. Key words: Myrtus communis, Extraction, Essential oil, Flavonoid, Antioxidant, Phytotherapy.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Ormancılık ve Orman Mühendisliği, Forestry and Forest Engineering
