Bursa Atatürk Ormanı Rekreasyon Hizmetlerinin Toplam Ekonomik Değerinin Belirlenmesi
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2022
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Ormanlar, sundukları mal hizmetlerle tüm canlılar açısından hayati öneme sahip ekosistemleri oluşturan belli koşullarda yenilenebilir doğal kaynaklardır. Orman kaynakları ürettikleri somut ve soyut ürünlerle insanlara ekonomik, sosyal ve kültürel faydalar sağlayarak onların çeşitli ihtiyaçlarını karşılarlar. Ormanların ürettiği mal ve hizmetlerden odun hammaddesi gibi bir kısım ürünler pazarda fiyatı oluşmakta ve ticari işlem görmektedir. Ancak, ormanların ürettiği oksijen, peyzaj, erozyonu önleme, biyolojik çeşitlilik gibi hizmetler piyasada işlem görmediğinden ekonomik değeri belli değildir. Yine ormanların ürettiği, rekreasyon hizmetlerinin ise piyasada ekonomik değerinin kısmen altında oluştuğu bilinmektedir. Kaynakların etkin şekilde tahsis edilebilmesi için bu kaynaklardan sağlanan tüm faydanın ekonomik değerinin sağlıklı hesaplanması gerekmektedir. Orman ekosisteminden sağlanan mal ve hizmetlerin toplam ekonomik değerinin belirlenmesi için piyasa fiyatı belli olan ürünlerle birlikte pazarı olmayan mal ve hizmetlerin ekonomik değerinin bilinmesine ihtiyaç vardır. Bu şekilde orman kaynaklarının toplam ekonomik değerinin tahmini yapılmaktadır. Bu tahminler bazen orman kaynaklarına ait ekosistem hizmetlerinin geneli bazen de sadece belli işlev baz alınarak elde edilen ürünün toplam ekonomik değerine yönelik te yapılabilmektedir. Bu tez çalışmasında, sadece rekreasyon işlevi dikkate alınarak Bursa Atatürk Ormanı Mesire Yeri'nin topluma sunduğu hizmetlerinin ekonomik değerinin tahmin edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda Bursa Atatürk Ormanı Mesire Yeri'nin topluma sunduğu rekreasyon hizmetlerinin toplam ekonomik değeri koşullu değer belirleme yöntemi kullanılarak tahmin edilmiştir. Atatürk Ormanı Mesire Yeri'nin 2020 yılı itibariyle, kişi başı tüketici rantı 6,57 ₺ (0,94$) kişi başı ortalama ödeme eğilimi 8,57 ₺ (1,22$), alandaki mevcut rekreasyon hizmetlerinin toplam ödeme eğilimi değeri 56.153.482,16 ₺/yıl (8.021.926,02$/yıl) ve toplam pasif değer ise 122.147.865,53 ₺/yıl (17.449.695,08$/yıl) olarak tahmin edilmiştir. Buna göre alanın rekreasyon hizmetlerinin yıllık toplam ekonomik değeri 2020 yılı fiyatlarına göre 178.301.347,69 ₺ (25.471.621,10$/yıl) olarak belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak bu tez ile ormancılıkta değer belirleme çalışmalarına katkı sağlanmış ve orman kaynakları yöneticilerin ormanların rekreasyon hizmetlerine tahsis ve projelendirme kararlarında isabet derecesinin artmasına yardımcı olunmuştur.
Forests are renewable natural resources under certain conditions that form ecosystems that are vital for all living things with the goods and services they provide. Forest resources meet the various needs of people by providing economic, social and cultural benefits with the tangible and intangible products they produce. Some products such as wood raw materials from the goods and services produced by the forests are priced in the market and are traded. However, since services such as oxygen produced by forests, landscaping, erosion prevention and biodiversity are not traded in the market, their economic value is uncertain. It is also known that forests produce and recreation services are partially below their economic value in the market. In order to allocate resources effectively, the economic value of all benefits from these resources should be calculated properly. For determination of the total economic value of the goods and services provided from the forest ecosystem, it is necessary to know the economic value of the products with a certain market price, as well as the goods and services that do not have a market. In this way, the total economic value of forest resources is estimated. These estimations can sometimes be made for the total economic value of the product obtained based on the ecosystem services of forest resources and sometimes only on the basis of a certain function. In this thesis, it is aimed to estimate the economic value of the services offered to the society by Bursa Atatürk Forest Recreation Area, considering only its recreational function. For this purpose, the total economic value of the recreation services offered to the society by Bursa Atatürk Forest Recreation Area was estimated using the contingent valuation method. As of 2020, Atatürk Ormanı Recreation Area's consumer surplus per capita was estimated as 6.57 ₺ ($0.94), the average payment tendency as 8.57 ₺ ($1.22), the total payment tendency of the current recreation services in the area as 56,153,482.16 ₺/yr ($8.021.926,02 per year) and total passive value as 122,147,865,53 ₺/yr ($17,449,695.08 per year). Accordingly, the annual total economic value of the recreation services of the area was determined as 178,301,347,69 ₺/yr ($25,471,621.10 per year) according to the prices of 2020. With this thesis, it was contributed to the valuation studies in forestry and helped managers of forest resources to success in decision on allocation of forests to recreational services and in project design of recreation areas.
Forests are renewable natural resources under certain conditions that form ecosystems that are vital for all living things with the goods and services they provide. Forest resources meet the various needs of people by providing economic, social and cultural benefits with the tangible and intangible products they produce. Some products such as wood raw materials from the goods and services produced by the forests are priced in the market and are traded. However, since services such as oxygen produced by forests, landscaping, erosion prevention and biodiversity are not traded in the market, their economic value is uncertain. It is also known that forests produce and recreation services are partially below their economic value in the market. In order to allocate resources effectively, the economic value of all benefits from these resources should be calculated properly. For determination of the total economic value of the goods and services provided from the forest ecosystem, it is necessary to know the economic value of the products with a certain market price, as well as the goods and services that do not have a market. In this way, the total economic value of forest resources is estimated. These estimations can sometimes be made for the total economic value of the product obtained based on the ecosystem services of forest resources and sometimes only on the basis of a certain function. In this thesis, it is aimed to estimate the economic value of the services offered to the society by Bursa Atatürk Forest Recreation Area, considering only its recreational function. For this purpose, the total economic value of the recreation services offered to the society by Bursa Atatürk Forest Recreation Area was estimated using the contingent valuation method. As of 2020, Atatürk Ormanı Recreation Area's consumer surplus per capita was estimated as 6.57 ₺ ($0.94), the average payment tendency as 8.57 ₺ ($1.22), the total payment tendency of the current recreation services in the area as 56,153,482.16 ₺/yr ($8.021.926,02 per year) and total passive value as 122,147,865,53 ₺/yr ($17,449,695.08 per year). Accordingly, the annual total economic value of the recreation services of the area was determined as 178,301,347,69 ₺/yr ($25,471,621.10 per year) according to the prices of 2020. With this thesis, it was contributed to the valuation studies in forestry and helped managers of forest resources to success in decision on allocation of forests to recreational services and in project design of recreation areas.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Doğal kaynaklar, orman kaynakları, değerleme, koşullu değer belirleme, ormanların işlevleri, ormanlarda dışsallıklar, toplam ekonomik değer, Natural resources, forest resources, valuation, contingent valuation, functions of forests, externalities in forests, total economic value
