Sağlık politikaları çerçevesinde Türk ilaç sektörünün rekabet gücü analizi: Elmas Modeli ile bir değerlendirme
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2022
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Ulusal ve uluslararası alanda sağlık hizmeti alabilmek bireylerin doğal bir hakkıdır. Geçmişten günümüze dek sağlık konusu üzerine durularak ilaçlar ile yeni tedaviler üretilmeye devam edilmektedir. Sağlık sektörünün gelişmesinin altında yatan ana itici güç geçmiş yüzyıllarda yaşanan salgın hastalıkların var olması ve giderek dünyada yayılmasıdır. Salgın hastalıklarla mücadelede yeni ilaçlar ve yeni tedavi yöntemleri uygulanarak sektörde gelişim süreçleri başlamıştır. Bulunan ilaç ve tedavilerin uluslararası alanda da yayılmasıyla politika geliştirme süreçleri oluşturulmuştur. Üretim yapan firmaların artmasıyla da sektörel rekabet kavramı zamanla ortaya çıkarak rekabet üstünlüğü elde edebilmek adına yeni süreçlere girilmiştir. Bunun için Ar-Ge faaliyeti yürütülmüştür, inovasyon kavramına önem verilmiştir, güçlü finansman kaynakları temin edilerek, ileri teknolojilere sahip alt yapılar oluşturulmuştur. Böylelikle sektörde gerçekleşebilecek ithalat ve ihracatlar doğrultusunda üretimler yapılmıştır. Bu süreçlerin iyileştirilmesi adına pek çok çalışmalar yürütülmüş ve politikalar uygulanmaya başlanmıştır. Rekabet üzerine oluşturulan teoriler üzerine en fazla uygulanan Porter'ın Elmas Modeli ile üretim süreçlerinde iyileştirmeler sağlanarak rekabetçi konuma gelebilmek adına firmalar kurum içi ve kurum dışı yeni düzenlemelerde bulunmuşlardır. İlaç sektöründe rekabet kavramının ana hususları olarak biyoteknoloji ve biyobenzer ilaçlar olarak görülmüştür. Biyoteknolojik ilaçlar yoğun Ar-Ge çalışmaları, ileri teknoloji ve güçlü finansman kaynağı özelliğini taşırken biyobenzer ilaçlarda daha az maliyet avantajı sağlamaktadır. Bu nedenle çoğu ülke üretim bandını biyobenzer ilaçlara yönelterek düşük maliyet avantajı sağlamakta ve aynı zamanda bireylerin ilaçlara olan ulaşılabilirliğini arttırmaktadır. Orijinal ilaçların patent sürelerinin bitmesiyle biyobenzer ilaçlar piyasaya girebilmektedir. Biyobenzer ilaç üretiminde de bitmiş ürün, yarı mamul ya da hammadde olarak da ithalatları yapılabilmektedir. Türkiye ise her ne kadar üretim süreçlerinde inovasyon çalışmaları sürdürse de ithalatçı konumda gözükmektedir. Türkiye ekonomisinin yabancıların dikkatini çekecek cazip bir hale getirilmesiyle yatırımların arttırılması sağlanmalıdır. Böylelikle daha güçlü Ar-Ge faaliyetleri yürütülerek ilaç sektöründe ileri teknolojiye sahip olunarak sektörde rekabetçi bir konumu haline gelinebilir.
It is anatural right of individuals to receive health services in the national and international arena. It continues to produce new treatments with drugs, with an emphasis on the untıl of health from the past to the present. The main driving force underlying the development of the healthsector is the existence of epidemics in the past centuries and their gradual spread in the world. Development processes in the sector have started by applying new drugs and treatment methods in the fight against epidemic diseases. Policy development processes have been established with the spread of the drugs and treatments found in the international arena. With the increase of manufacturing companies, the concept of sectoral competitive advantage. For this, R&D activites werw carried out, the concept of innovation was given importance, strong financial resources were provided and infrastructures with advanced technologies were created. Thus, productions were made in line with the imports and exports that could be realized in the sector. In order to improve these processes, many studies have been carried out and policies have begun to be implemented. With the Porter's Diamond Model, which is the most applied on the theories on competition, companies have made new internal and external regulations in order to achieve a competitiveposition by improving their production processes. Biotechnology and biosimilar drugs have been seen as the main aspects of the concept of competition in the pharmaceutical industry. While biotechnological drugs have the characteristics of intensive R&D sudies, advanced technology and strong financing resources, they provided less cost advantage in biosimilar drugs. For this reason, most countries provided a low cost advantage by directing the production line to biosimilar drugs and at the same time increase the accessibility of individuals to drugs. Biosimilar drugs can enter the market after the patent expiration date of the original drugs. In the production of biosimilars, they can also be imported as finished products, semi-finished products or raw materials. Here, it is thought that it is necessary to concentrate on production lines within the country with more clustering methods. Investments should be increased by making the Turkısh economy attractive to attract the attention of foreigners. Thus, by carrying out stronger R&D activities, it can become a competitive position in the sector by owning advanced technology in the pharmaceutical industry.
It is anatural right of individuals to receive health services in the national and international arena. It continues to produce new treatments with drugs, with an emphasis on the untıl of health from the past to the present. The main driving force underlying the development of the healthsector is the existence of epidemics in the past centuries and their gradual spread in the world. Development processes in the sector have started by applying new drugs and treatment methods in the fight against epidemic diseases. Policy development processes have been established with the spread of the drugs and treatments found in the international arena. With the increase of manufacturing companies, the concept of sectoral competitive advantage. For this, R&D activites werw carried out, the concept of innovation was given importance, strong financial resources were provided and infrastructures with advanced technologies were created. Thus, productions were made in line with the imports and exports that could be realized in the sector. In order to improve these processes, many studies have been carried out and policies have begun to be implemented. With the Porter's Diamond Model, which is the most applied on the theories on competition, companies have made new internal and external regulations in order to achieve a competitiveposition by improving their production processes. Biotechnology and biosimilar drugs have been seen as the main aspects of the concept of competition in the pharmaceutical industry. While biotechnological drugs have the characteristics of intensive R&D sudies, advanced technology and strong financing resources, they provided less cost advantage in biosimilar drugs. For this reason, most countries provided a low cost advantage by directing the production line to biosimilar drugs and at the same time increase the accessibility of individuals to drugs. Biosimilar drugs can enter the market after the patent expiration date of the original drugs. In the production of biosimilars, they can also be imported as finished products, semi-finished products or raw materials. Here, it is thought that it is necessary to concentrate on production lines within the country with more clustering methods. Investments should be increased by making the Turkısh economy attractive to attract the attention of foreigners. Thus, by carrying out stronger R&D activities, it can become a competitive position in the sector by owning advanced technology in the pharmaceutical industry.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Rekabet, Elmas Modeli, İlaç Sektörü, Sağlık Politikaları, Biyoteknoloji ve Biyobenzer, Rivalry, Diamond Model, Pharmaceutical Industry, Health Policies, Biotechnology and Biosimilars
