Kentsel ve geri plan alan topraklarında bulunan ağır metallere 'toz yutulması, soluma ve temas' yollarıyla insan maruziyetinin değerlendirilmesi
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2016
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
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Yayıncı
Bursa Teknik Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Ağır metaller zaman içerisinde toprakta birikmekte ve canlı organizmalara zarar vermektedir. Bunun yanında toprak verimliliğini azaltmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Aksaray, Uşak, Konya, Elazığ, Malatya, Kayseri, Mersin, Kırıkkale, Kars, Kastamonu, Çankırı, İzmir, İstanbul, Antalya ve Van'da kentsel ve geri plan alanlarından alınan toprak numunelerinde kadmiyum (Cd), civa (Hg), kurşun (Pb), vanadyum (V), krom (Cr), mangan (Mn), kobalt (Co), nikel (Ni), bakır (Cu), çinko (Zn) ve arsenik (As) metal konsantrayonları ICP-MS ile belirlenmiş ve insanların bu ağır metallere yutma, soluma ve temas yollarıyla maruziyetleri incelenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda kentsel alanlarda ortalama metal konsantrasyonları Cd, Hg, Pb, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As için sırasıyla; 379, 194, 18034, 32294, 41890, 205343, 5957, 1621, 13215, 34035, 5649 µg/kg, kırsal alanlar için ise sırasıyla; 255, 52, 9621, 18363, 40202, 159140, 5444, 577, 6642, 18023, 3821 µg/kg olarak bulunmuştur. Bulunan ağır metal derişimleri Toprak Kirliliğinin Kontrolü ve Noktasal Kaynaklı Kirlenmiş Sahalara Dair Yönetmelik'te verilen sınır değerler ile karşılaştırıldığında yalnızca As konsantrasyonlarının bu değerleri aştığı görülmüştür. Kentsel alanlarda kanserojen risk çocuklar ve yetişinler için sırasıyla; 4.71x10-3, 1.81 x10-3, kırsal alanlarda ise sırasıyla; 3.56 x10-3, 1.37 x10-3 olarak bulunmuştur. Kanserojen olmayan riskler ise kentsel alanlarda çocuklar ve yetişkinler için sırasıyla; 304.9 x10-3, 30.7 x10-3, kırsal alanlarda ise sırasıyla; 252.4 x10-3, 25.8 x10-3 olarak belirlenmiştir. Van ve Aksaray'ın çok yüksek, İstanbul'un ise yüksek ekolojik risk seviyesinde olduğu saptanmıştır.
Heavy metals accumulate in soil and pose negative effects on living organisms. Additionally, they affect soil fertility. In this study, soil samples from urban and background sites located in Aksaray, Uşak, Konya, Elazığ, Malatya, Kayseri, Mersin, Kırıkkale, Kars, Kastamonu, Çankırı, İzmir, İstanbul, Antaya and Van provinces of Turkey were analyzed to investigate the concentrations of Cd, Hg, Pb, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn and As using ICP-MS instrument. Based on the results obtained from the analysis, ecological risk assessment and human exposure calculations were conducted. Cooncentrations of Cd, Hg, Pb, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As in urban areas were 379, 194, 18034, 32294, 41890, 205343, 5957, 1621, 13215, 34035, 5649 µg/kg, respectively whereas it was 255, 52, 9621, 18363, 40202, 159140, 5444, 577, 6642, 18023, 3821 µg/kg, respectively in bakcground sites. It was determined that only the concentraion of As was exceeded the limit values set in Legislation on Soil Pollution Control and Areas contaminated by Point Sources. Carcinogenic risk values was detected as 4.71x10-3 and 1.81x10-3 in urban areas for children and adults, respectively while it was 3.56x10-3 and 1.37 x10-3 at background sites, respectively. Non-cancerogenic risk values were 304.9x10-3 and 30.7x10-3 in urban areas for children and adults respectively while it was 252.4x10-3 and 25.8x10-3 at background sites, respectively. Results showed that Van and Aksaray had the highest ecological risk whereas Istanbul showed the high ecological risk level.
Heavy metals accumulate in soil and pose negative effects on living organisms. Additionally, they affect soil fertility. In this study, soil samples from urban and background sites located in Aksaray, Uşak, Konya, Elazığ, Malatya, Kayseri, Mersin, Kırıkkale, Kars, Kastamonu, Çankırı, İzmir, İstanbul, Antaya and Van provinces of Turkey were analyzed to investigate the concentrations of Cd, Hg, Pb, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn and As using ICP-MS instrument. Based on the results obtained from the analysis, ecological risk assessment and human exposure calculations were conducted. Cooncentrations of Cd, Hg, Pb, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As in urban areas were 379, 194, 18034, 32294, 41890, 205343, 5957, 1621, 13215, 34035, 5649 µg/kg, respectively whereas it was 255, 52, 9621, 18363, 40202, 159140, 5444, 577, 6642, 18023, 3821 µg/kg, respectively in bakcground sites. It was determined that only the concentraion of As was exceeded the limit values set in Legislation on Soil Pollution Control and Areas contaminated by Point Sources. Carcinogenic risk values was detected as 4.71x10-3 and 1.81x10-3 in urban areas for children and adults, respectively while it was 3.56x10-3 and 1.37 x10-3 at background sites, respectively. Non-cancerogenic risk values were 304.9x10-3 and 30.7x10-3 in urban areas for children and adults respectively while it was 252.4x10-3 and 25.8x10-3 at background sites, respectively. Results showed that Van and Aksaray had the highest ecological risk whereas Istanbul showed the high ecological risk level.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Çevre Mühendisliği, Environmental Engineering, Heavy metals, human exposure, urban, background, risk assessment, soil pollution, Ağır metal, insan maruziyeti, kentsel, kırsal, risk değerlendirmesi, toprak kirliliği
