Mikroalg kaynaklı özütlerin potansiyel biyopestisit aktivitelerinin incelenmesi
Küçük Resim Yok
Tarih
2024
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Bursa Teknik Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Bitki hastalıkları, tarımda ürün verimi ve kalitesini ciddi şekilde olumsuz etkileyen önemli sorunlardan biridir. Bu hastalıklarla mücadelede yaygın olarak kullanılan sentetik kimyasallar, yalnızca hedef organizmalara değil, aynı zamanda çevreye ve diğer canlılara da zarar verebilmektedir. Bu olumsuzluklar, çevre dostu ve sürdürülebilir alternatifler arayışını artırmış, biyopestisitlerin önemini ön plana çıkarmıştır. Mikroalgler hem tarımsal ürünlerin korunması hem de geliştirilmesi açısından önemli bir potansiyel sunmaktadır. Mikroalgler, ıslah, yapraktan uygulama ve tohum hazırlama gibi farklı tarımsal uygulamalarda kullanılmakta ve çeşitli biyopestisit etkisi gösteren metabolitler üretmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Bursa Teknik Üniversitesi Alg ve Siyanobakteri Kültür Koleksiyonunda (AQUAMEB) bulunan 32 mikroalg suşu kullanılmıştır. Suşlar tatlı su, deniz ve yüksek tuzluluk içeren ortamlardan izole edilmiştir. Küçük ölçekli üretimlerin ardından hasat edilen mikroalgler liyofilize edilerek kurutulmuş ve farklı çözücüler (metanol, etanol, aseton, DMSO, hekzan ve metanol:su) ile çeşitli ekstraksiyon yöntemleri (soxhlet, prob sonikasyon, ultrasonik banyo ve cam boncuk) kullanılarak ekstrakt edilmiştir. Bu ekstraktların antimikrobiyal etkileri, bakteri ve mantarlar üzerinde agar disk difüzyon, agar kuyu difüzyon ve minimum inhibitör konsantrasyon (MİK) yöntemleriyle test edilmiştir. Sonuçlar, polar çözücülerle hazırlanan ekstraktların gram-negatif bakterilere karşı daha etkili olduğunu göstermiştir. Özellikle metanol ve metanol-su çözücüleriyle hazırlanan ekstraktlar, Escherichia coli üzerinde güçlü inhibitör aktivite göstermiş ve MİK değerleri 0,625 mg/mL'nin altında tespit edilmiştir. Salmonella typhimurium testlerinde ise 25 mm'ye kadar zon çapı gözlenmiş, Chlorophyta AQUAMEB-59 ve Scenedesmus sp. AQUAMEB-57 türlerinden elde edilen ekstraktların bu bakteri üzerinde en etkili olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ancak, gram-pozitif bakteriler ve mantarlar üzerinde sınırlı bir etkinlik gözlenmiştir. Agar difüzyon ve MİK yöntemleriyle elde edilen bulgular birbiriyle tutarlıdır. Sonuç olarak, mikroalglerin antimikrobiyal ajan ve biyopestisit olarak kullanılma potansiyeli güçlü bir şekilde desteklenmektedir. Mikroalgler, tarım sektöründe antimikrobiyal direnç gelişimini azaltarak daha sağlıklı ve uzun vadede etkili çözümler sunabilir. Ayrıca, kimyasal kalıntı bırakmadan doğada kolayca parçalanabildikleri için çevresel etkileri de minimuma indirir. Ancak, bu türlerin geniş ölçekli uygulamalarda etkili ve yaygın bir şekilde kullanılabilmesi için daha fazla araştırmaya ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır.
Plant diseases are one of the major problems that significantly affect crop yield and quality in agriculture. Synthetic chemicals commonly used in the fight against these diseases can harm not only the target organisms but also the environment and other living organisms. These negative impacts have increased the search for environmentally friendly and sustainable alternatives, highlighting the importance of biopesticides. Microalgae present significant potential for both the protection and improvement of agricultural products. They are used in various agricultural applications such as breeding, foliar application, and seed treatment, producing metabolites with biopesticide effects. In this study, 32 microalgal strains from the Bursa Technical University Algae and Cyanobacteria Culture Collection (AQUAMEB) were used. The strains were isolated from freshwater, marine, and high salinity environments. After small-scale productions, the harvested microalgae were lyophilized and dried, and then extracted using various solvents (methanol, ethanol, acetone, DMSO, hexane, and methanol:water) with different extraction methods (Soxhlet, probe sonication, ultrasonic bath, and glass beads). The antimicrobial effects of these extracts were tested on bacteria and fungi using agar disk diffusion, agar well diffusion, and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) methods. The results showed that extracts prepared with polar solvents were more effective against gram-negative bacteria. In particular, extracts prepared with methanol and methanol-water solvents exhibited strong inhibitory activity against Escherichia coli, with MIC values detected below 0.625 mg/mL. In Salmonella typhimurium tests, a zone diameter of up to 25 mm was observed, with extracts obtained from Chlorophyta AQUAMEB-59 and Scenedesmus sp. AQUAMEB-57 being the most effective against this bacterium. However, limited activity was observed against gram-positive bacteria and fungi. The findings obtained through agar diffusion and MIC methods were consistent with each other. In conclusion, the potential of microalgae as antimicrobial agents and biopesticides is strongly supported. Microalgae can provide healthier and more effective long-term solutions in the agricultural sector by reducing antimicrobial resistance development. Furthermore, since they decompose easily in nature without leaving chemical residues, their environmental impact is minimized. However, further research is needed for the effective and widespread use of these strains in large-scale applications.
Plant diseases are one of the major problems that significantly affect crop yield and quality in agriculture. Synthetic chemicals commonly used in the fight against these diseases can harm not only the target organisms but also the environment and other living organisms. These negative impacts have increased the search for environmentally friendly and sustainable alternatives, highlighting the importance of biopesticides. Microalgae present significant potential for both the protection and improvement of agricultural products. They are used in various agricultural applications such as breeding, foliar application, and seed treatment, producing metabolites with biopesticide effects. In this study, 32 microalgal strains from the Bursa Technical University Algae and Cyanobacteria Culture Collection (AQUAMEB) were used. The strains were isolated from freshwater, marine, and high salinity environments. After small-scale productions, the harvested microalgae were lyophilized and dried, and then extracted using various solvents (methanol, ethanol, acetone, DMSO, hexane, and methanol:water) with different extraction methods (Soxhlet, probe sonication, ultrasonic bath, and glass beads). The antimicrobial effects of these extracts were tested on bacteria and fungi using agar disk diffusion, agar well diffusion, and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) methods. The results showed that extracts prepared with polar solvents were more effective against gram-negative bacteria. In particular, extracts prepared with methanol and methanol-water solvents exhibited strong inhibitory activity against Escherichia coli, with MIC values detected below 0.625 mg/mL. In Salmonella typhimurium tests, a zone diameter of up to 25 mm was observed, with extracts obtained from Chlorophyta AQUAMEB-59 and Scenedesmus sp. AQUAMEB-57 being the most effective against this bacterium. However, limited activity was observed against gram-positive bacteria and fungi. The findings obtained through agar diffusion and MIC methods were consistent with each other. In conclusion, the potential of microalgae as antimicrobial agents and biopesticides is strongly supported. Microalgae can provide healthier and more effective long-term solutions in the agricultural sector by reducing antimicrobial resistance development. Furthermore, since they decompose easily in nature without leaving chemical residues, their environmental impact is minimized. However, further research is needed for the effective and widespread use of these strains in large-scale applications.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Biyoteknoloji, Biotechnology ; Mikrobiyoloji
