Gıda endüstrisi çevresel kirletici kaynakları ve giderimyöntemleri; zeytin ve zeytinyağı örneği
Küçük Resim Yok
Tarih
2023
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Bursa Teknik Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Yaşanan hızlı nüfus artışına paralel olarak doğal kaynakların bilinçsizce kullanımı, sanayileşme ve plansız yapılaşma sonucunda çevre kirliliği giderek artmakta hem bölgesel hem de küresel ölçekte tüm canlıların yaşamını tehdit eder boyuta gelmektedir. Tarımsal kaynaklı kirliliğin ortaya çıkmasının uzun sürmesi ve sanayi kaynaklı kirliliğe nazaran daha tolere edilebilir boyutlarda olması çevre kirliliğine etkisinin nispeten daha az olduğuna yönelik bir algı oluşturmaktadır. Fakat aslında durum gerçekte daha farklı olup tarımsal kaynaklı kirlilik de çevrenin kirlenmesinde oldukça etkilidir. Türkiye zeytin üretimi konusunda dünyada sayılı ülkelerden bir tanesidir. Üretilen zeytinlerin büyük bir kısmı zeytinyağı üretiminde kullanılmaktadır. Ancak karasu, zeytinyağı üretimi sonrasında içerdiği kirlilikler itibariyle arıtılması zor olan atıksular sınıfında yer almaktadır. Zeytin karasuyunun bünyesinde bulunan yüksek miktarda BOİ, KOİ, AKM, yağ-gres ve fenolik maddeler bu atıksuyun arıtılmasını oldukça güçleştirmektedir. Kirlilik yükü bakımından oldukça fazla miktarda kirliliği bünyesinde barındıran bu suyun arıtılması amacıyla farklı arıtma teknikleri uygulanmakta ve hâlihazırda geliştirme faaliyetleri sürdürülmektedir. Oluşan atıksu miktar ve kirlilik içeriği bakımından, üretimi ve işletilmesine göre farklılık göstermekle birlikte genel itibariyle arıtılması zor olan atıksular olarak bilinmektedir. Bu çalışma kapsamında Bursa İl'inde Kurulu bulunan Türkiye'nin en büyük zeytin işleme tesisine ait atıksu arıtma tesisinden elde edilen veriler kullanılarak arıtma tesisinin performansı ve arıtma verimi incelenmiş olup elde edilen veriler literatürde yer alan benzer tesislere ilişkin veriler ile karşılaştırılarak mevcut durum değerlendirilmeye çalışılmıştır. Literatürde yer alan arıtma metotları ve bu metotlarla elde edilen giderim verimlerine ilişkin değerlendirmeler de çalışma kapsamında irdelenmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında incelenen tesiste giriş pH değerlerinin 5,5 ile 7,2 arasında değiştiği ortalama 6,36 seviyesinde olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Benzer şekilde iletkenlik değerlerinin 4,32 ?S/cm ile 9,18 ?S/cm arasında değiştiği ortalama 7,5 ?S/cm seviyesinde olduğu görülmüştür. İncelenen tesiste giriş KOİ değeri ortalama 1300 mg/L ile 4100 mg/L arasında değişmekte olup ortalama 2500 mg/L seviyesindedir. Çıkış KOİ değeri 120 mg/L ile 200 mg/L arasında olup ortalama 160 mg/L seviyesindedir. Giriş ve çıkış KOİ değerleri için hesaplanan giderim veriminin %91 ile %96 arasında değiştiği tespit edilmiştir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Gıda sanayi, zeytin, zeytinyağı, zeytin karasuyu, arıtma, pH, KOİ
In parallel with the rapid population growth, environmental pollution is increasing as a result of unconscious use of natural resources, industrialization and unplanned construction, and it threatens the life of all living things on both a regional and global scale. The fact that the emergence of pollution originating from agriculture takes a long time and it is more tolerable than pollution originating from industry creates a perception that its effect on environmental pollution is relatively less. However, the situation is actually different and agricultural pollution is also very effective in the pollution of the environment. Turkey is one of the few countries in the world in olive production. Most of the olives produced are used in olive oil production. However, black water is in the category of wastewater that is difficult to treat due to the impurities it contains after olive oil production. The high amount of BOD, COD, AKM, oil-grease and phenolic substances in the olive black water make it very difficult to treat this wastewater. In order to purify this water, which contains a large amount of pollution in terms of pollution load, different treatment techniques are applied and development activities are currently underway. Although the wastewater produced differs in terms of amount and pollution content, according to its production and operation, it is generally known as wastewater that is difficult to treat. Within the scope of this study, the performance and treatment efficiency of the treatment plant were examined by using the data obtained from the wastewater treatment plant of Turkey's largest olive processing plant located in Bursa Province, and the current situation was tried to be evaluated by comparing the obtained data with the data related to similar plants in the literature. The treatment methods in the literature and the evaluations of the removal efficiencies obtained by these methods are also examined within the scope of the study. In the facility examined within the scope of the study, it was determined that the inlet pH values ranged from 5.5 to 7.2, with an average of 6.36. Similarly, it was observed that the conductivity values ranged from 4.32 ?S/cm to 9.18 ?S/cm, with an average of 7.5 ?S/cm. In the examined facility, the inlet COD value ranges between 1300 mg/L and 4100 mg/L on average, with an average of 2500 mg/L. The output COD value is between 120 mg/L and 200 mg/L, with an average of 160 mg/L. It has been determined that the removal efficiency calculated for the inlet and outlet COD values varies between 91% and 96%. Keywords: Food industry, olive, olive oil, olive black water, purification, pH, COD
In parallel with the rapid population growth, environmental pollution is increasing as a result of unconscious use of natural resources, industrialization and unplanned construction, and it threatens the life of all living things on both a regional and global scale. The fact that the emergence of pollution originating from agriculture takes a long time and it is more tolerable than pollution originating from industry creates a perception that its effect on environmental pollution is relatively less. However, the situation is actually different and agricultural pollution is also very effective in the pollution of the environment. Turkey is one of the few countries in the world in olive production. Most of the olives produced are used in olive oil production. However, black water is in the category of wastewater that is difficult to treat due to the impurities it contains after olive oil production. The high amount of BOD, COD, AKM, oil-grease and phenolic substances in the olive black water make it very difficult to treat this wastewater. In order to purify this water, which contains a large amount of pollution in terms of pollution load, different treatment techniques are applied and development activities are currently underway. Although the wastewater produced differs in terms of amount and pollution content, according to its production and operation, it is generally known as wastewater that is difficult to treat. Within the scope of this study, the performance and treatment efficiency of the treatment plant were examined by using the data obtained from the wastewater treatment plant of Turkey's largest olive processing plant located in Bursa Province, and the current situation was tried to be evaluated by comparing the obtained data with the data related to similar plants in the literature. The treatment methods in the literature and the evaluations of the removal efficiencies obtained by these methods are also examined within the scope of the study. In the facility examined within the scope of the study, it was determined that the inlet pH values ranged from 5.5 to 7.2, with an average of 6.36. Similarly, it was observed that the conductivity values ranged from 4.32 ?S/cm to 9.18 ?S/cm, with an average of 7.5 ?S/cm. In the examined facility, the inlet COD value ranges between 1300 mg/L and 4100 mg/L on average, with an average of 2500 mg/L. The output COD value is between 120 mg/L and 200 mg/L, with an average of 160 mg/L. It has been determined that the removal efficiency calculated for the inlet and outlet COD values varies between 91% and 96%. Keywords: Food industry, olive, olive oil, olive black water, purification, pH, COD
Açıklama
Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, Çevre Mühendisliği Ana Bilim Dalı
Anahtar Kelimeler
Çevre Mühendisliği, Environmental Engineering
