Yeraltı araç otoparklarında jet fan havalandırma sistemlerinin ve fan yerleşim optimizasyonun hesaplamalı akışkanlar dinamiği ile analizi
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2019
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Bursa Teknik Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Şehirlerin gelişimi ve artan nüfus ile yeraltı otoparklarına ihtiyaç artmıştır. Bu yapıların yangından korunma politikaları göz önüne alındığında duman ve ısı taşınımı önem kazanmaktadır. Yangın Dinamiği Simülatörü (YDS), yangınlardan duman ve ısı taşınmasına önem veren, düşük hızlı akışlar için büyük boyutlu bir simülasyon (BGS) kodudur. Navier-Stokes denklemlerinin hız ve sıcaklık denklemlerinin hesaba katılmasıyla çözümleme yapar. Akış alanı büyük girdap simülasyonu (BGS) türbülans modellemesi kullanılarak çözümlendi. Yangın dinamiği simülatörü, farklı yangın senaryoları altında büyük bir yeraltı otoparkında yangının yayılma ve dumanın hareketini araştırmak için kullanılır. Bu çalışmada, başlangıçta tek bir otomobil yangınının ısı salınım oranının deneysel sonuçları ile karşılaştırarak, otomobilin yangın gelişimini, aracın üzerindeki yakıtın yüzey yoğunluklarına izin vererek tasarlandı. Daha sonra, yangın yayılımı ve dumanın hareketi farklı havalandırma koşullarında araştırıldı. Ayrıca hız vektörlerinin, sıcaklık, karbonmonoksit gazı (CO) miktarının ve görüş mesafesinin ayrıntılı alan dağılımları verilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, otoparkta yangın olması durumunda, zorlanmış mekanik yatay havalandırma ile duman ve ısı kontrolü (DIK) ile ilgili Pyrosim yazılımını kullanarak simülasyon sonuçları sunuldu. Kapalı otopark hacminin saatlik hava değişim sayısının sonuçlara etkileri de incelendi. Radyal jet fanlı ve 10 hava değişimli analizde, kaçış noktasında hız 0,9154 m/s, sıcaklık 40,13°C, görüş mesafesi 3 m ve CO gazı seviyesi 71,5 ppm görüldü. Radyal jet fanlı ve 15 hava değişimli analizde, kaçış noktasında hız 1,324 m/s, sıcaklık 29,98°C, görüş mesafesi 30 m ve CO gazı seviyesi 1 ppm görüldü. Eksenel jet fanlı ve 10 hava değişimli analizde, kaçış noktasında hız 0,9176 m/s, sıcaklık 38,02°C, görüş mesafesi 3 m ve CO gazı seviyesi 61,5 ppm görüldü. Eksenel jet fanlı ve 15 hava değişimli analizde, kaçış noktasında hız 1,318 m/s, sıcaklık 28,15°C, görüş mesafesi 30 m ve CO gazı seviyesi 1 ppm görüldü. Büyük yeraltı otopark sistemlerinde yangın güvenliğini garanti altına almak için, yangının yayılması ve dumanın hareketi üzerine ayrıntılı bir şekilde çalışılması gerekiyor. Ülkemizde kapalı otoparklarda itki havalandırma sistemleri için duman kontrol standardı bulunmamaktadır. Jet fanlı havalandırma sistemi kullanarak yeraltı otoparklarındaki havalandırma sistemi deneysel olarak veya hesaplamalı akışkanlar dinamiği tekniği kullanılarak tasarlanabilir. Hesaplamalı akışkanlar dinamiği tekniği, bu sistemin tasarımında mevcut bilgisayar teknolojisi göz önüne alındığında en iyi ve en uygun maliyetli olanıdır.
With the development of cities and increasing population, the need for underground car parks has increased. When the fire protection policies of these buildings are taken into consideration, smoke and heat transport becomes important. The Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) is a large eddy simulation (LES) code for low-speed flows, with emphasis on the transport of smoke and heat from fires. Analyze Navier-Stokes equations by considering velocity and temperature equations. Flow area was analyzed using Large Eddy Simulation (LES) turbulence modeling. The fire dynamics simulator is used to investigate fire propagation and smoke movement in a large underground parking lot under different fire scenarios. In this study, it was initially designed by comparing the car's fire development by allowing the surface densities of the fuel on the vehicle, comparing the experimental results of the heat release rate of a single automobile fire. Fire propagation and movement of smoke are then investigated under different ventilation conditions. In addition, detailed field distributions of velocity vectors, temperature, carbon monoxide gas content and visibility are given. In this study, simulation results are presented by using Pyrosim software for forced mechanical horizontal ventilation and smoke and heat control (DIK) in case of fire in the parking lot. The effects of the number of hourly air changes of the indoor parking volume on the results were also examined. In the analysis with radial jet fan and 10 air exchange, velocity at the escape point was 0,9154 m/s, temperature was 40,13°C, visibility was 3 m and CO gas level was 71,5 ppm.In the analysis with radial jet fans and 15 air-exchanges, the velocity at the escape point was 1,324 m / s, temperature was 29,98°C, visibility was 30 m and CO gas level was 1 ppm. In the analysis with axial jet fan and 10 air changes, the velocity at the escape point was 0,9176 m/s, the temperature was 38,02°C, the visibility was 3 m and the CO gas level was 61,5 ppm. In the analysis with axial jet fan and 15 air exchange, velocity at the escape point was 1,318 m/s, temperature was 28,15°C, visibility was 30 m and CO gas level was 1 ppm.In order to guarantee fire safety in large underground car park systems, it is necessary to study in detail the spread of fire and the movement of smoke. In our country, there is no smoke control standard for propulsion ventilation systems in closed parking lots. Using a jet fan ventilation system, the impulse ventilation system in underground parking lots can be designed experimentally or using computational fluid dynamics technique. The computational fluid dynamics technique is the best and most cost-effective when considering the available computer technology in the design of this system.
With the development of cities and increasing population, the need for underground car parks has increased. When the fire protection policies of these buildings are taken into consideration, smoke and heat transport becomes important. The Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) is a large eddy simulation (LES) code for low-speed flows, with emphasis on the transport of smoke and heat from fires. Analyze Navier-Stokes equations by considering velocity and temperature equations. Flow area was analyzed using Large Eddy Simulation (LES) turbulence modeling. The fire dynamics simulator is used to investigate fire propagation and smoke movement in a large underground parking lot under different fire scenarios. In this study, it was initially designed by comparing the car's fire development by allowing the surface densities of the fuel on the vehicle, comparing the experimental results of the heat release rate of a single automobile fire. Fire propagation and movement of smoke are then investigated under different ventilation conditions. In addition, detailed field distributions of velocity vectors, temperature, carbon monoxide gas content and visibility are given. In this study, simulation results are presented by using Pyrosim software for forced mechanical horizontal ventilation and smoke and heat control (DIK) in case of fire in the parking lot. The effects of the number of hourly air changes of the indoor parking volume on the results were also examined. In the analysis with radial jet fan and 10 air exchange, velocity at the escape point was 0,9154 m/s, temperature was 40,13°C, visibility was 3 m and CO gas level was 71,5 ppm.In the analysis with radial jet fans and 15 air-exchanges, the velocity at the escape point was 1,324 m / s, temperature was 29,98°C, visibility was 30 m and CO gas level was 1 ppm. In the analysis with axial jet fan and 10 air changes, the velocity at the escape point was 0,9176 m/s, the temperature was 38,02°C, the visibility was 3 m and the CO gas level was 61,5 ppm. In the analysis with axial jet fan and 15 air exchange, velocity at the escape point was 1,318 m/s, temperature was 28,15°C, visibility was 30 m and CO gas level was 1 ppm.In order to guarantee fire safety in large underground car park systems, it is necessary to study in detail the spread of fire and the movement of smoke. In our country, there is no smoke control standard for propulsion ventilation systems in closed parking lots. Using a jet fan ventilation system, the impulse ventilation system in underground parking lots can be designed experimentally or using computational fluid dynamics technique. The computational fluid dynamics technique is the best and most cost-effective when considering the available computer technology in the design of this system.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Makine Mühendisliği, Mechanical Engineering
