Yeni nesil otokorkuluk sistemlerinin çarpışma analizleri ve sezgisel optimizasyon yöntemleri kullanılarak geliştirilmesi
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2015
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Bursa Teknik Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Otokorkuluk sistemleri, trafikte seyreden farklı tiplerdeki araçları olası bir kaza anında karayolu içerisinde tutup, meydana gelecek yaralanma risklerini azaltmak için özel olarak tasarlanan güvenlik sistemlerindendir. Bu sistemlerin çarpışma performanslarının belirlendiği testler ve simülasyonlar EN 1317 Avrupa Yolkenarı Emniyet Sistemleri standartlarına uygun olarak gerçekleştirilmek durumundadır. Bu çalışmada H1 koruma sınıfına sahip bir otokorkuluk sisteminin bilgisayar ortamında çarpışma testleri simüle edilmiş ve çarpışma performansını arttırmaya yönelik tasarımlar gerçekleştirilerek sonuçlar incelenmiştir. Tasarımda farklı kesitlere sahip çelik dikme profil, çelik ray, bağlantı plakası ve cıvatalar kullanılmıştır. Analizler için farklı tasarım değişkenleriyle tasarlanmış 25 farklı kesite sahip dikme profili oluşturulmuş, dikme aralıkları 2.00 m alınmış ve otokorkuluk sistemleri buna göre tasarlanmıştır. Üç boyutlu katı modeller CATIA ile tasarlanmış, sonlu eleman modelleri HYPERMESH ile oluşturulmuş, EN 1317 standardında belirtilen çarpışma testlerinden TB11 ve TB42'ye göre çarpışma simülasyonları RADIOSS ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Oluşturulan 25 farklı tasarım; ağırlık, otokorkuluk çalışma genişliği ve çarpma şiddetine (ASI) göre değerlendirilmiştir. 25 tasarımdan 2 modelde otokorkuluk sisteminin aracı yolda tutmada başarısız olduğu gözlenmiş, bu modeller hariç tutularak mevcut 23 tasarım üzerinden sezgisel optimizasyon metotlarından yerçekimsel arama algoritmasıyla en uygun tasarım elde edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Optimizasyon sonucunda çarpışma şiddeti derecesi (ASI) ve ağırlık minimum olacak şekilde bir optimum tasarım elde edilmiştir.
The guardrail systems are being designed to keep the vehicles moving in the traffic in the road and to reduce the risk of injury during an accident. The crash performances of these systems were determined with tests and simulations which were performed according to EN 1317 European Roadside Safety Standards. In this study, crash tests of a guardrail system, which has H1 containment level, were simulated and new designs were performed to improve the crash performance. Steel posts with different cross-sectional design, steel W-Beam, connection plates and bolts were used. Guardrail systems were designed with 25 different post sections with different design variables and the distance between the posts was designed as 2.00 m for the analysis. Three dimensional solid models have been prepared in CATIA while finite element models have been built up with HYPERMESH. TB11 and TB42 crash analysis were performed with RADIOSS software according to EN 1317 standards. 25 different designs were evaluated according to weight, guardrail's working width and acceleration severity index (ASI). 2 of 25 designs were found to be unsuccessful to keep the vehicles on the road during the collision, so excluding these models, the optimum design has been trying to obtained over 23 models with gravitational search algorithm, which is one of the heuristic optimization methods. As a result of optimization, an optimum design was obtained which has minimum weight and acceleration severity index value (ASI).
The guardrail systems are being designed to keep the vehicles moving in the traffic in the road and to reduce the risk of injury during an accident. The crash performances of these systems were determined with tests and simulations which were performed according to EN 1317 European Roadside Safety Standards. In this study, crash tests of a guardrail system, which has H1 containment level, were simulated and new designs were performed to improve the crash performance. Steel posts with different cross-sectional design, steel W-Beam, connection plates and bolts were used. Guardrail systems were designed with 25 different post sections with different design variables and the distance between the posts was designed as 2.00 m for the analysis. Three dimensional solid models have been prepared in CATIA while finite element models have been built up with HYPERMESH. TB11 and TB42 crash analysis were performed with RADIOSS software according to EN 1317 standards. 25 different designs were evaluated according to weight, guardrail's working width and acceleration severity index (ASI). 2 of 25 designs were found to be unsuccessful to keep the vehicles on the road during the collision, so excluding these models, the optimum design has been trying to obtained over 23 models with gravitational search algorithm, which is one of the heuristic optimization methods. As a result of optimization, an optimum design was obtained which has minimum weight and acceleration severity index value (ASI).
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Makine Mühendisliği, Mechanical Engineering
