Grafen takviyeli polimer kompozit üretimi
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2019
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Bursa Teknik Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Bu tez çalışması kapsamında, grafen oksit (GO) ve indirgenmiş grafen oksit (rGO) içeren polivinil alkol (PVA) nanokompozit filmler ve grafen içeren epoksi nanokompozitler üretilmiştir. Önce, grafen oksit, geliştirilmiş Hummers metodu ile üretilmiş ve ardından ağırlıkça %0,05, %0,1, %0,25, %0,5 ve %1 oranlarında ağırlıkça %5'lik PVA ile karıştırılarak GO/PVA çözeltisi elde edilmiştir. Ardından, elde edilen GO/PVA çözeltisi film haline getirilmiştir. rGO/PVA nanokompozitler ise, hazırlanmış olan GO/PVA çözeltisinin askorbik asit ile indirgenmesi ile elde edilmiştir. Grafen/epoksi nanokompozitleri de ağırlıkça %0,05, % 0,1, %0,25, %0,5 ve %1 oranlarında grafenin, epoksiye ilave edilip homojen bir dağılımın elde edilmesinin ardından, sertleştiricinin katılarak kürlenmesi ile elde edilmiştir. Üretilen bütün nanokompozit filmlerin özellikleri, fourier dönüşümlü kızılötesi spektroskopisi (FT-IR), termogravimetrik analiz (TGA), mekanik test, taramalı elektron mikroskobu (SEM), UV-VIS-NIR spektrofotometre ve elektriksel iletkenlik ölçümleri yapılarak incelenmiştir. Elektriksel özellikler açısından değerlendirildiğinde, %1 oranında GO ve rGO katkısı, PVA filmlerin hacimsel direncinde sırasıyla %36 ve %45'lik; yüzeysel direncinde ise %24,5 ve %34,9'lük azalmaya neden olmuştur. %1 oranında grafen katkısı ise, epoksi filmlerin hacimsel direnç değerinde %28,2 ve yüzeysel direncinde %9,7'lik bir azalmaya sebep olmuştur. Mekanik özellikler açısından, grafen/epoksi nanokompozitlerin maksimum gerilme değeri, %1'lik grafen katkısında, saf epoksiye göre %33,84 oranında artarak ~20 MPa olarak elde edilmiştir. Ortalama elastisite modülü değeri, %6,5'lik bir artışla, 1061 MPa'dan 1130 MPa' a çıkmıştır. GO ve rGO takviyeli PVA nanokompozitlerin maksimum gerilme değerleri, %1'lik grafen katkısında, saf PVA filme göre, sırasıyla %20 ve %38 oranında artarak ~59 MPa ve ~68 MPa olarak elde edilmiştir. Ortalama elastisite modülü değeri, sırasıyla %37'lik ve %65' lik bir artışla, 2561 MPa'dan 3515 MPa'a ve 4219 MPa' a çıkmıştır. Analiz ve testler sonucunda, GO ve rGO'in PVA ve grafenin epoksiye ilave edilmesi ile, nanokompozit filmlerin elektriksel iletkenliğinin, elastisite modülünün, maksimum gerilme değerlerinin, ışık absorpsiyonunun arttığı ve termal özelliklerinin iyileştiği gözlenmiştir.
In this thesis, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanocomposite films containing graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene (rGO) and and epoxy nanocomposites containing graphene were produced. First, graphene oxide was produced by the developed Hummers method and then mixed with 0.05 wt%, 0.1 wt%, 0.25 wt%, 0.5 wt% and 1.0 wt% of 5 wt% PVA to obtain GO/PVA solution. Then, obtained GO/PVA solution was filmed. rGO/PVA nanocomposites werre obtained by reducing the prepared GO/PVA solution with acscorbic acid (AA). Graphene/epoxy nanocomposites were obtained by adding 0.05 wt%, 0.1 wt%, 0.25 wt%, 0.5 wt% and 1 wt% of graphene to the epoxy after obtaining a homogenous dispersion and curing by adding the hardener. The properties of all nanocomposite films were examined by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), mechanical test, scanning electron microscope (SEM), UV-VIS-NIR spectrophotometer and chemical conductivity measuments. When electrical properties are evaluated, addition of 1 wt% GO and rGO resulted 36% and 45%, decrease in the volumetric resistance of PVA films as well as surface resistance decreased 24.5% and 34.9%, respectively. 1 wt% graphene addition resulted in a 28.2% reduction in the volume resistance value of epoxy films and a 9.7% reduction in surface resistance. In terms of mechanical properties, the maximum tensile value of graphene/epoxy nanocomposites was obtained as ~ 20 MPa with an increase of 33.84% in comparison to pure epoxy in 1% graphene additive. The average modulus of elasticity increased from 1061 MPa to 1130 MPa with an in increase of 6.5%. The maximum tensile strength of GO and rGO reinforced PVA nanocomposites was increased by 20% and 38% in the 1% graphene admixture compared to pure PVA film to ~ 59 MPa and ~ 68 MPa. The average modulus of elasticity increased from 2561 MPa to 3515 MPa and 4219 MPa with an increase of 37% and 65%, respectively. As a result of analysis and tests, it was observed that the electrical conductivity, modulus of elasticity, maximum tensile, thermal properties and UV-absorption values of nanocomposite films increased by adding GO and rGO to PVA and graphene epoxy.
In this thesis, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanocomposite films containing graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene (rGO) and and epoxy nanocomposites containing graphene were produced. First, graphene oxide was produced by the developed Hummers method and then mixed with 0.05 wt%, 0.1 wt%, 0.25 wt%, 0.5 wt% and 1.0 wt% of 5 wt% PVA to obtain GO/PVA solution. Then, obtained GO/PVA solution was filmed. rGO/PVA nanocomposites werre obtained by reducing the prepared GO/PVA solution with acscorbic acid (AA). Graphene/epoxy nanocomposites were obtained by adding 0.05 wt%, 0.1 wt%, 0.25 wt%, 0.5 wt% and 1 wt% of graphene to the epoxy after obtaining a homogenous dispersion and curing by adding the hardener. The properties of all nanocomposite films were examined by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), mechanical test, scanning electron microscope (SEM), UV-VIS-NIR spectrophotometer and chemical conductivity measuments. When electrical properties are evaluated, addition of 1 wt% GO and rGO resulted 36% and 45%, decrease in the volumetric resistance of PVA films as well as surface resistance decreased 24.5% and 34.9%, respectively. 1 wt% graphene addition resulted in a 28.2% reduction in the volume resistance value of epoxy films and a 9.7% reduction in surface resistance. In terms of mechanical properties, the maximum tensile value of graphene/epoxy nanocomposites was obtained as ~ 20 MPa with an increase of 33.84% in comparison to pure epoxy in 1% graphene additive. The average modulus of elasticity increased from 1061 MPa to 1130 MPa with an in increase of 6.5%. The maximum tensile strength of GO and rGO reinforced PVA nanocomposites was increased by 20% and 38% in the 1% graphene admixture compared to pure PVA film to ~ 59 MPa and ~ 68 MPa. The average modulus of elasticity increased from 2561 MPa to 3515 MPa and 4219 MPa with an increase of 37% and 65%, respectively. As a result of analysis and tests, it was observed that the electrical conductivity, modulus of elasticity, maximum tensile, thermal properties and UV-absorption values of nanocomposite films increased by adding GO and rGO to PVA and graphene epoxy.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Polimer Bilim ve Teknolojisi, Polymer Science and Technology, Epoksi, Epoxy, Film, Film, Grafen oksit, Graphene oxide, Nanokompozitler, Nanocomposites, Polivinil alkol, Polyvinyl alcohol
