Influence of Isochronal and Isothermal Annealing on Microstructure and Hardness of Nanocrystalline CoCrFeNi-B4C High Entropy Alloy Composites

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dc.authorid0009-0001-6338-7076
dc.authorid0000-0003-0143-900X
dc.authorid0000-0001-9441-5175
dc.contributor.authorKoc, Recep C.
dc.contributor.authorPolat, Gokhan
dc.contributor.authorBatibay, Ahmet B.
dc.contributor.authorKotan, Hasan
dc.date.accessioned2026-02-08T15:15:00Z
dc.date.available2026-02-08T15:15:00Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.departmentBursa Teknik Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractAdding nano-sized reinforcements to nanocrystalline alloys is an effective strategy for achieving stable microstructures with enhanced mechanical properties. This study investigates the effect of nano-sized B4C particles on the microstructural stability and mechanical properties of nanocrystalline CoCrFeNi high-entropy alloys (HEAs) synthesized by high-energy mechanical alloying. Comprehensive characterizations, including x-ray diffraction (XRD), focused ion beam (FIB) microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that B4C addition improved microstructural stability resulting in an average grain size of 225 nm after annealing at 900 degrees C for 1 h. The in-situ formation of secondary phases, such as Cr7C3 and Cr2O3, during annealing process further contributed to the retardation of grain growth in CoCrFeNi HEA, improving the overall thermal stability. The mechanical properties, particularly hardness, were enhanced by the addition of B4C following mechanical alloying and annealing at 900 degrees C for up to 6 h. Beyond this duration, the hardness values plateaued, exhibiting minimal variations with B4C additions. Specifically, the as-milled hardness increased from 518 HV to 573 HV with incorporating 4 wt.% B4C. After annealing for longer than 6 h at 900 degrees C, the B4C containing HEA showed a hardness of 309 HV, compared to 278 HV for the HEA without B4C. Despite some reduction after prolonged annealing at elevated temperatures, this enhancement shows the alloy's potential to maintain mechanical performance under such conditions, while further optimization is needed to ensure durability over extended temperature exposures.
dc.description.sponsorshipScientific and Technological Research Council of Turkiye (TUBITAK) [222M218]; TUBITAK
dc.description.sponsorshipThis study was supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkiye (TUBITAK) under Grant Number 222M218. The authors thank TUBITAK for their support.
dc.identifier.doi10.1007/s11665-025-12146-w
dc.identifier.issn1059-9495
dc.identifier.issn1544-1024
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-105016893084
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ2
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-025-12146-w
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12885/5557
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001577220200001
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ3
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherSpringer
dc.relation.ispartofJournal of Materials Engineering and Performance
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
dc.snmzWOS_KA_20260207
dc.subjectboron carbide
dc.subjecthardness
dc.subjecthigh entropy alloys
dc.subjectisothermal annealing
dc.subjectmechanical alloying
dc.subjectnano-composites
dc.subjectthermal stability
dc.titleInfluence of Isochronal and Isothermal Annealing on Microstructure and Hardness of Nanocrystalline CoCrFeNi-B4C High Entropy Alloy Composites
dc.typeArticle

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