Agricultural Irrigation Using Treated Wastewater: Challenges and Opportunities

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dc.authorid0000-0003-4176-1976
dc.authorid0000-0002-8769-8477
dc.authorid0000-0002-7266-2201
dc.authorid0000-0001-9031-5142
dc.authorid0000-0003-2097-7858
dc.authorid0009-0005-2790-2121
dc.contributor.authorObijianya, Christian C.
dc.contributor.authorYakamercan, Elif
dc.contributor.authorKarimi, Mahmoud
dc.contributor.authorVeluru, Sridevi
dc.contributor.authorSimko, Ivan
dc.contributor.authorEshkabilov, Sulaymon
dc.contributor.authorSimsek, Halis
dc.date.accessioned2026-02-08T15:16:03Z
dc.date.available2026-02-08T15:16:03Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.departmentBursa Teknik Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractReusing and recycling treated wastewater is a sustainable approach to meet the growing demand for clean water, ensuring its availability for both current and future generations. Wastewater can be treated in such advanced ways that it can be used for industrial operations, recharging groundwater, irrigation of fields, or even manufacturing drinkable water. This strategy meets growing water demand in water-scarce areas while protecting natural ecosystems. Treated wastewater is both a resource and a challenge. Though it may be nutrient-rich and can increase agricultural output while showing resource reuse and environmental conservation, high treatment costs, public acceptance, and contamination hazards limit its use. Proper treatment can reduce these hazards, safeguarding human health and the environment while enhancing its benefits, including a stable water supply, nutrient-rich irrigation, higher crop yields, economic development, and community resilience. On the one hand, inadequate treatment may lead to soil salinization, environmental degradation, and hazardous foods. Examining the dual benefits and risks of using treated wastewater for agricultural irrigation, this paper investigates the complexities of its use as a valuable resource and as a potential hazard. Modern treatment technologies are needed to address these difficulties and to ensure safe and sustainable use. If properly handled, treated wastewater reuse has enormous potential for reducing water scarcity and expanding sustainable agriculture as well as global food security.
dc.description.sponsorshipUSDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture; [USDA-AMS-TM-SCMP-G-23-0020]
dc.description.sponsorshipThis research was funded by USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, under the award number USDA-AMS-TM-SCMP-G-23-0020.
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/w17142083
dc.identifier.issn2073-4441
dc.identifier.issue14
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-105011479973
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.3390/w17142083
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12885/6098
dc.identifier.volume17
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001535310800001
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ2
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherMdpi
dc.relation.ispartofWater
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.snmzWOS_KA_20260207
dc.subjecttreated wastewater
dc.subjectagricultural irrigation
dc.subjectenvironmental benefits
dc.titleAgricultural Irrigation Using Treated Wastewater: Challenges and Opportunities
dc.typeReview Article

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