Bilgisayar destekli yöntemlerle bölmeden çıkarma ve orman ürünleri nakliyatının planlanması
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Tarih
2022
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Orman ürünlerinin nakliyatının planlanması, orman ürünlerinin bölmeden çıkarılması, ürünlerin yüklenmesi ve uzak nakliyatı da dahil olmak üzere çeşitli ormancılık faaliyetlerinin etkin ve uyumlu bir şekilde tasarlanmasını ve uygulanmasını gerektiren karmaşık bir sorundur. Bu faaliyetler, orman ürünleri üretiminin toplam maliyetinin önemli bir bölümünü oluşturmaktadır; bu nedenle en uygun (minimum maliyet/maksimum net kar) ulaşım planının geliştirilmesi ekonomik açıdan giderek artan bir öneme sahiptir. Orman ürünlerinin taşınmasının planlanması ve sistematik olarak en uygun çözümün aranması için bilgisayar destekli modeller kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, iki tomruk kamyonu tipi (orta ve büyük boy) dikkate alınarak orman ürünleri üretiminin toplam maliyetini minimize eden ve maksimum net karı maksimize eden optimum rotaları belirlemek için ağ analizi tabanlı bir Network 2000 programı kullanılmıştır. Çözüm sürecinde, bölmeden çıkarma faaliyeti için iki adet traktör (4x2 ve 4x4) ve yükleme faaliyeti için iki adet yükleyici (paletli ve lastik tekerlekli) değerlendirilmiştir. Minimum maliyeti veren alternatif güzergâh Network 2000 programı kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. Çalışma alanı olarak seçilen Kınık Orman İşletme Şefliğinde (OİŞ) altı bölmede üretilen çeşitli orman ürünlerinin (tomruk, maden direği, sanayi odun ve kâğıtlık) bölmeden çıkarılarak ulaştırıldığı beş rampa alanı ve ürünlerin nakliyatının gerçekleştirildiği iki orman deposu dikkate alınmıştır. Çalışmada, birinci senaryoda sadece Kınık OİŞ'de yaygın olarak kullanılan orman deposu dikkate alınırken, ikinci senaryoda bölgedeki komşu işletmenin orman deposu da değerlendirilmiştir. Birinci senaryodan elde edilen sonuçlar, büyük boyutlu traktör kullanımının, nakliyat maliyetini %8 oranında düşürdüğünü ve bunun da toplam üretim maliyetinde 1000 TL'nin üzerinde bir tasarrufa yol açtığını göstermiştir. İkinci senaryoda elde edilen nakliyat maliyetinin ve toplam üretim maliyetinin, büyük boyutlu kamyon için birinci senaryoda elde edilen maliyetten sırasıyla yaklaşık %16 ve %2 daha az olduğu bulunmuştur. Diğer taraftan, ikinci senaryoda orman ürünlerinin toplam net karının, büyük boyutlu kamyon için birinci senaryoda alınan net kârdan yaklaşık 35.000 TL daha fazla olduğu belirlenmiştir. Üretim birimlerindeki arazi koşulları ve ekipmanın bölgede mevcudiyeti dikkate alınarak, Network 2000 programı tarafından sürütme çalışması için en uygun tarım traktörü tipi başarıyla belirlenmiştir. Aynı şekilde orman ürünlerinin rampa alanlarındaki dağılımı da dikkate alınarak en uygun yükleyici tipi de belirlenmiştir.
Planning of forest transportation is a complex problem that requires effective and harmonious design and implementation of various forest operations including extraction, loading, and hauling of forest products. These operations constitute a significant part of the total cost of producing forest products; therefore, developing the most appropriate (minimum cost/maximum net profit) transportation plan has increasing importance for the economic aspect. Computer-aided models can be used to plan the transportation of forest products and systematically searching for the most suitable solution. In this study, a network analysis-based Network 2000 program was used to determine the optimum routes with minimum forest operation costs and maximum net profit of forest products considering two logging truck types (medium and large size). In the solution process, two farm tractors (4x2 and 4x4) for extraction operation and two loaders (tracked and rubber-tired) for loading operation were evaluated. The alternative with the minimum cost was determined using the Network 2000 program. The study was implemented in Kınık Forest Enterprise Chief (FEC) located in the city of Bursa, while considering five landing areas where various forest products (i.e. log, mine poles, industrial wood, and paper wood) were extracted from the six harvesting units and hauled to two forest depots. In the study, the optimum solution was searched for two scenarios where only the forest depot which is commonly used in the Kınık FEC was considered in the first scenario while the forest depot of the neighboring enterprise in the region was also evaluated in the second scenario. The results obtained from the first scenario indicated that using large-size tractor reduced the hauling cost by 8% which led to over 1000 TRY reduction in the total cost of forest operations. The hauling cost and total forest operation cost obtained in the second scenario was about 16% and 2% less than that of the cost obtained in the first scenario for the case of large-size truck. On the other hand, total net profit of the forest products received in the second scenario was about 35000 TRY more than that of the net profit received in the first scenario for the case of large-size truck. The optimum farm tractor for skidding operation was successfully selected by the Network 2000 program considering terrain conditions in the harvesting unit and availability of the equipment. Likewise, optimum loader was also determined by considering distribution of the forest products on the landing areas.
Planning of forest transportation is a complex problem that requires effective and harmonious design and implementation of various forest operations including extraction, loading, and hauling of forest products. These operations constitute a significant part of the total cost of producing forest products; therefore, developing the most appropriate (minimum cost/maximum net profit) transportation plan has increasing importance for the economic aspect. Computer-aided models can be used to plan the transportation of forest products and systematically searching for the most suitable solution. In this study, a network analysis-based Network 2000 program was used to determine the optimum routes with minimum forest operation costs and maximum net profit of forest products considering two logging truck types (medium and large size). In the solution process, two farm tractors (4x2 and 4x4) for extraction operation and two loaders (tracked and rubber-tired) for loading operation were evaluated. The alternative with the minimum cost was determined using the Network 2000 program. The study was implemented in Kınık Forest Enterprise Chief (FEC) located in the city of Bursa, while considering five landing areas where various forest products (i.e. log, mine poles, industrial wood, and paper wood) were extracted from the six harvesting units and hauled to two forest depots. In the study, the optimum solution was searched for two scenarios where only the forest depot which is commonly used in the Kınık FEC was considered in the first scenario while the forest depot of the neighboring enterprise in the region was also evaluated in the second scenario. The results obtained from the first scenario indicated that using large-size tractor reduced the hauling cost by 8% which led to over 1000 TRY reduction in the total cost of forest operations. The hauling cost and total forest operation cost obtained in the second scenario was about 16% and 2% less than that of the cost obtained in the first scenario for the case of large-size truck. On the other hand, total net profit of the forest products received in the second scenario was about 35000 TRY more than that of the net profit received in the first scenario for the case of large-size truck. The optimum farm tractor for skidding operation was successfully selected by the Network 2000 program considering terrain conditions in the harvesting unit and availability of the equipment. Likewise, optimum loader was also determined by considering distribution of the forest products on the landing areas.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Orman operasyonları, savrulma, yükleme, çekme, en az maliyet, ağ analizi, Forest operations, skidding, loading, hauling, least cost, network analysis
