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Öğe Ammonia-responsive thermoplastic starch films incorporated with gallic acid-cobalt metal-organic frameworks (GA/Co-MOF) for real-time tracking of shrimp freshness(Elsevier, 2026) Yilmaz, Mustafa Tahsin; Parlak, Mahmut Ekrem; Uzuner, Kubra; Yildiz, Zehra Irem; Dundar, Ayse Neslihan; Sahin, Oya Irmak; Saricaoglu, Furkan TurkerDeveloping ammonia-responsive biopolymer-based smart films with strong mechanical properties and reliable visual freshness indicators is a significant research focus. Integrating cobalt-based metal-organic frameworks (CoMOF) into a polymer matrix is a contemporary method for manufacturing intelligent packaging materials, primarily due to their rapid responsiveness to ammonia. This study successfully synthesized an ammonia-sensitive Co-MOF by using gallic acid as the ligand (GA/Co-MOF) and integrated them into a thermoplastic starch (TPS) matrix, creating high-performance, multifunctional TPS-based intelligent active composite films (TPS/Co-MOF). FTIR analysis indicates that cobalt exhibits a strong affinity for the carboxy and hydroxy groups of gallic acid, leading to the formation of spherical aggregates, which have diameters of between 600 and 1000 nm, as visualized using SEM. A thorough analysis assessed the impact of GA/Co-MOF on the films' physicochemical, water barrier, and morphological properties, as well as their color, optical, UV-blocking, and material characteristics (thermal, crystallographic, molecular, and mechanical) and ammonia-responsive performances. The GA/Co-MOF nanofillers were uniformly dispersed in the TPS matrix, significantly enhancing tensile strength (from 4.35 to 5.29 MPa), elongation at break (from 122.97 to 153.7 %), puncture force (from 612.78 to 1069.96 g), puncture deformation (from 3.78 to 4.87 mm), water resistance, and UV-blocking abilities. Additionally, the films exhibited improved thermal stability, toughness, elasticity, and ammonia-sensitive discoloration properties. Notably, the TPS/Co-MOF films enabled effective real-time visual monitoring of shrimp freshness, with a faster color response time than existing nanocomposite films, making them promising for active and intelligent food packaging. These findings highlight the significant potential of TPS/Co-MOF films to meet the demands of safe packaging solutions with superior mechanical performance and freshness monitoring.Öğe Characterization of biodegradable bi-layer films from thermoplastic starch and poly-l-lactic acid(Wiley, 2024) Parlak, Mahmut Ekrem; Uzuner, Kubra; Ozdemir, Sebahat; Kirac Demirel, Fatma Tuba; Dundar, Ayse Neslihan; Sahin, Oya Irmak; Saricaoglu, Furkan TurkerThis study aimed to enhance the oxygen barrier properties of polylactic acid (PLA) film, a biodegradable packaging material with high oxygen permeability (OP). Bi-layer films were produced by coating thermoplastic starch (TPS) onto PLA films in various ratios while maintaining constant film thickness. The mechanical, optical, barrier, thermal, hydrophobicity, moisture sorption, and microstructural properties of the films were analyzed. Increasing the TPS ratio elevated moisture content (MC), water uptake, solubility, and opacity while enhancing UV barrier properties. TPS coating reduced tensile and burst strength but increased the burst deformation of the bi-layer films. Bi-layer film production resulted in a water vapor permeability increase of 59.26%-94.44% compared with neat PLA while decreasing OP by 2.52%-29.66%. The equilibrium moisture content (EMC) rose with higher TPS ratios, displaying type II isotherms. FTIR analysis indicated no chemical interactions between PLA and TPS. Increasing the TPS ratio decreased PLA crystallinity, supporting the mechanical and barrier properties of the bi-layer films. Neat and bi-layer films exhibited smooth, homogeneous surfaces, with a visible interface in the cross-section of the bi-layer films. In conclusion, TPS shows promise as an alternative to improve oxygen barrier properties in PLA films without adversely affecting other properties.Öğe Characterization of pomegranate peel extract loaded nanophytosomes and the enhancement of bio-accessibility and storage stability(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2023) Dundar, Ayse Neslihan; Ozdemir, Sebahat; Uzuner, Kubra; Parlak, Mahmud Ekrem; Sahin, Oya Irmak; Dagdelen, Adnan Fatih; Saricaoglu, Furkan TurkerNano-phytosomes are lipid-based nano-carriers and rapidly growing technology for products containing phytochemicals. In this study, pomegranate peel extract (PPE) loaded nanophytosomes (NP) were prepared with phosphatidylcholine (PC) based on thin layer hydration method. The characterization of NP such as entrapment efficiency (EE), particle size, poly-dispersity index (PDI),.-potential and microstructural properties was studied and in vitro bioaccessibility and storage stability of bioactive properties were investigated. The highest EE was determined as 94.99 %, indicating a unique ability as nano-carrier. PPE-loaded NPs showed good characteristics, such as lower PDI values (<0.5), lower particle size (166.70-144.40 nm), and spherical shape of microstructure. All NP complexes showed significant bioaccessibility with TPC, CUPRAC, and ABTS values >50 % in the intestinal medium. The lowest TPC and color difference (.E) during 28 days of storage were found at 4.C, although all NP samples showed better stability at all storage temperatures up to 21 days.Öğe Enhanced Functionality and Bio-Accessibility of Composite Pomegranate Peel Extract-Enriched Boba Balls(Mdpi, 2022) Dundar, Ayse Neslihan; Uzuner, Kubra; Parlak, Mahmud Ekrem; Sahin, Oya Irmak; Saricaoglu, Furkan Turker; Simsek, SenayBoba balls or pearls have recently gained popularity for beverages or food toppings. Boba balls could be developed into functional foods by the encapsulation of bioactive compounds. In this study, gelatin/sodium alginate composite Boba balls enriched with pomegranate peel extract (PPE) at different concentrations (0, 1, 2, and 3%) were prepared. They were characterized in terms of physical, rheological, textural, morphological, and sensory properties, as well as in vitro digestion, bio-accessibility, and release kinetic of PPE. Adding PPE improved the Boba mix's viscoelasticity and decreased the Boba balls' hardness. The increasing PPE ratio significantly (p < 0.05) increased the antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content. The addition of PPE preserved the spherical shape of the Boba balls, and as the PPE ratio increased, new junction zones were observed in SEM images. The in vitro digestibility of PPE was significantly (p < 0.05) improved by preserving PPE from the mouth and gastric medium, and Boba balls showed the highest release and bio-accessibility in the intestinal medium. Consequently, PPE as a by-product could be successfully used at 2% concentration for enhancing the functionality and bio-accessibility of Boba balls without affecting sensory properties.Öğe Functional properties and bioaccessibility of alginate based phycocyanin-honey hydrogels(Elsevier, 2023) Sahin, Oya Irmak; Uzuner, Kubra; Dundar, Ayse Neslihan; Parlak, Mahmud Ekrem; Gul, Latife Betul; Dagdelen, Adnan Fatih; Simsek, SenayFood gels have become attractive due to their biocompatibility, environment-friendly characteristics, and wide array of medical and food applications. One of the main design principles of a functional food matrix is the encapsulation, protection, and controlled release of nutraceuticals. The present study utilized two products having great interest recently, phycocyanin and honey, which were embedded in a gel-type delivery system composed of different concentrations of alginate (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 g/100 mL) and gelatin (7 g/100 mL). The phycocyanin-honey gel balls (PHB) were characterized in terms of physical, rheological, textural, morphological, and sensory properties, as well as in vitro digestion, bio-accessibility, and total phenolic content release kinetics. The increasing alginate concentration significantly increased (p<0.05) total phenolic content. Also, increasing alginate ratios caused sheet-like inner layers observed in scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images. In vitro digestibility of phenolic content derived from both honey and phycocyanin was significantly improved (p<0.05) and protected from the mouth and gastric medium by hydrogel structures of alginate and gelatin. PHB showed high release (>approximate to 85 %) and bio-accessibility (>approximate to 84 %) of phenolic content in the intestinal medium. Consequently, alginate could be successfully used at 1.5 g/100 mL concentration with gelatin to enhance the functionality and bio-accessibility of functional ingredients without affecting sensory properties.Öğe Lyophilized nano-liposomal system for red onion (Allium cepa L.) peel anthocyanin: Characterization, bioaccessibility and release kinetics(Elsevier, 2023) Sahin, Oya Irmak; Dundar, Ayse Neslihan; Uzuner, Kubra; Parlak, Mahmud Ekrem; Dagdelen, Adnan Fatih; Saricaoglu, Furkan TurkerIn recent years, there has been extensive research on valorization of food wastes and a growing interest in nano-liposomal systems for food applications. This paper discusses the case of phosphatidylcholine base-dnanophytosomes loaded with anthocyanins extracted from red onion (RNPs) to overcome the bio-stability during digestion. The characterization of lyophilized RNPs in terms of entrapment efficiency, particle size, poly-dispersity index (PDI), zeta-potential, morphological properties, in vitro bioaccessibility and release kinetics were investigated. Entrapment efficiency was determined as 78.63% with lowest particle size (177.73 nm) and PDI value (0.45) and non-dense spherical microstructure for RNP6 (red onion peel anthocyanin extract: soybean phosphatidylcholine at 1:6 ratio). Apart from the particle size, entrapment efficiency was determined higher than 75%, which indicates good entrapment. Additionally, from the cumulative release of RNPs concluded as a successful nano-structure with a two-fold increase in intestinal medium. However, poor Carr index and Hausner ratio suggest some limitations of the current nanoliposomes process which could be further improved. Red onion peel wastes, which are typically discarded, can serve as excellent sources of anthocyanins, and its preparation to nanophytosomes could be used as functional food ingredient or food supplements.Öğe Nanophytosomes as a protection system to improve the gastrointestinal stability and bioavailability of phycocyanin(Elsevier, 2022) Sahin, Oya Irmak; Dundar, Ayse Neslihan; Ozdemir, Sebahat; Uzuner, Kubra; Parlak, Mahmud Ekrem; Dagdelen, Adnan Fatih; Saricaoglu, Furkan TurkerNano-phytosomes (NP), lipid-based nano-carriers, were used to encapsulate the phycocyanin. Phycocyanin (Phy) is known for its important biological properties with low bioavailability and low stability. The aim of the study was to prepare phosphatidylcholine (PC) based Phy loaded NP to overcome the bioavailability and storage stability issues. The characterization of NP such as entrapment efficiency (EE), particle size, poly-dispersity index (PDI), zeta-potential and microstructural properties was conducted and in vitro bioaccessibility and storage stability of bioactive properties were investigated. The highest EE was determined as 81.92% however with a loading capacity (LC) of 58.12%. Phy-NPs showed good characteristics, such as low PDI values (<0.5), low particle size (106.13-134.10 nm), and non-dense spherical shape of microstructure. All NP complexes showed significant bioaccessibility with total phenolic content (TPC) values greater than 50% in intestinal tract. Unfortunately, PC based NP did not show a clear-cut pattern of TPC and color protection of Phy via increased PC content.Öğe Production and characterization of biodegradable bi-layer films from poly (lactic) acid and zein(Elsevier, 2023) Parlak, Mahmud Ekrem; Uzuner, Kubra; Kirac, Fatma Tuba; Ozdemir, Sebahat; Dundar, Ayse Neslihan; Sahin, Oya Irmak; Saricaoglu, Furkan TurkerRecently, packaging industry has turned to biodegradable packaging, and poly(lactic acid) has become the most remarkable polymer. However, the high oxygen permeability of PLA films significantly limits their use. Therefore, this study, it was aimed to improve the oxygen barrier properties of PLA films without adversely affecting the mechanical and water vapor barrier properties. Biodegradable PLA-Zein bi-layer films were produced by changing PLA and zein thickness. Transparent and UV barrier bi-layer films were obtained. Mechanical properties of PLA films were improved by the production of bi-layer films. Water vapor permeability of bi-layer films increased whereas the permeance decreased with zein coating of PLA. Multi-criteria decision hierarchy was used to select the best bi-layer films based on mechanical, permeance, and opacity results. Oxygen barrier properties of PLA film significantly improved by zein coating, and hydrophobicity of PLA film was not affected by zein coating. The crystallization and melting temperatures of films decreased when compared to PLA films, supporting the mechanical results. Homogeneous, non-porous, and smooth film surface was obtained and zein layer was in good compatibility with PLA layer. These results suggest that zein coatings could be used to decrease oxygen permeability of PLA films without negatively affecting other properties.
