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Öğe Grassland Flora of Manisa Celal Bayar University Campus(Bursa Teknik Üniversitesi, 2017) Güler, Behlül; Uğurlu, Emin; Altan, YasinIn this study, the grassland flora of Şeh it Prof. Dr. İ lhan Va rank Ca mpus , Manis a Ce lal Bayar Univers ity were examined. The floral surveys were conducted in 2013 and 51 taxa belonging to 9 fa milies were found. The distribution of taxa according to their phytogeographic associations are: Mediterranean (17.6%), Irano-Turanian (3.9%), Euro Siberian (2%), East Mediterranean (2%) , and Multiregional or unknown (74.5%). In the field studies, endemic species were encountered. The most common families were Poaceae and Fabaceae, and overall species richness was found to be relatively high.Öğe How plot shape and spatial arrangement affect plant species richness counts: implications for sampling design and rarefaction analyses(Wiley, 2016) Guler, Behluel; Jentsch, Anke; Apostolova, Iva; Bartha, Sandor; Bloor, Juliette M. G.; Uğurlu, EminQuestionsHow does the spatial configuration of sampling units influence recorded plant species richness values at small spatial scales? What are the consequences of these findings for sampling methodology and rarefaction analyses? LocationSix semi-natural grasslands in Western Eurasia (France, Germany, Bulgaria, Hungary, Italy, Turkey). MethodsIn each site we established six blocks of 40cm x280cm, subdivided into 5cm x5cm micro-quadrats, on which we recorded vascular plant species presence with the rooted (all sites) and shoot (four sites) presence method. Data of these micro-quadrats were then combined to achieve larger sampling units of 0.01, 0.04 and 0.16m(2) grain size with six different spatial configurations (square, 4:1 rectangle, 16:1 rectangle, three variants of discontiguous randomly placed micro-quadrats). The effect of the spatial configurations on species richness was quantified as relative richness compared to the mean richness of the square of the same surface area. ResultsSquare sampling units had significantly lower species richness than other spatial configurations in all countries. For 4:1 and 16:1 rectangles, the increase of rooted richness was on average about 2% and 8%, respectively. In contrast, the average richness increase for discontiguous configurations was 7%, 17% and 40%. In general, increases were higher with shoot presence than with rooted presence. Overall, the patterns of richness increase were highly consistent across six countries, three grain sizes and two recording methods. ConclusionsOur findings suggest that the shape of sampling units has negligible effects on species richness values when the length-width ratio is up to 4:1, and the effects remain small even for more elongated contiguous configurations. In contrast, results from discontiguous sampling units are not directly comparable with those of contiguous sampling units, and are strongly confounded by spatial extent. This is particularly problematic for rarefaction studies where spatial extent is often not controlled for. We suggest that the concept of effective area is a useful tool to report effects of spatial configuration on richness values, and introduce species-extent relationships (SERs) to describe richness increases of different spatial configurations of sampling units.Öğe Ovacık (Karabük) ve Çevresinin Floristik Özellikleri(2016) Dikilitaş, Burak; Güler, Behlül; Uğurlu, Emin; Altan, YasinAraştırma alanı Karabük ilinin Ovacık ilçesini ve yakın çevresindeki köyleri kapsamaktadır. Araştırma alanında 2015-2016 yılları arasında toplanan 283 bitki örneğinin değerlendirilmesi ile 58 familyaya ait 163 cins ve 237 tür ve tür altı takson tespit edilmiştir. Endemik bitkilerin sayısı 15'tir (%6.33). Taksonların % 10'u İran-Turan, %12'si Akdeniz ve %18'i Avrupa-Sibirya fitocoğrafik bölgeleri elementi olup %59'u çok bölgeli ve bilinmeyen taksonlardan oluşmaktadır. En fazla takson sayısına sahip familyalar Fabaceae, Asteraceae ve Lamiaceae'dirÖğe Species richness effects on grassland recovery from drought depend on community productivity in a multisite experiment(Wiley, 2017) Kreyling, Juergen; Dengler, Juergen; Walter, Julia; Velev, Nikolay; Uğurlu, Emin; Sopotlieva, DesislavaBiodiversity can buffer ecosystem functioning against extreme climatic events, but few experiments have explicitly tested this. Here, we present the first multisite biodiversityxdrought manipulation experiment to examine drought resistance and recovery at five temperate and Mediterranean grassland sites. Aboveground biomass production declined by 30% due to experimental drought (standardised local extremity by rainfall exclusion for 72-98 consecutive days). Species richness did not affect resistance but promoted recovery. Recovery was only positively affected by species richness in low-productive communities, with most diverse communities even showing overcompensation. This positive diversity effect could be linked to asynchrony of species responses. Our results suggest that a more context-dependent view considering the nature of the climatic disturbance as well as the productivity of the studied system will help identify under which circumstances biodiversity promotes drought resistance or recovery. Stability of biomass production can generally be expected to decrease with biodiversity loss and climate change.Öğe sPlot - A new tool for global vegetation analyses(Wiley, 2019) Bruelheide, Helge; Dengler, Juergen; Jimenez-Alfaro, Borja; Purschke, Oliver; Hennekens, Stephan M.; Uğurlu, EminAims Vegetation-plot records provide information on the presence and cover or abundance of plants co-occurring in the same community. Vegetation-plot data are spread across research groups, environmental agencies and biodiversity research centers and, thus, are rarely accessible at continental or global scales. Here we present the sPlot database, which collates vegetation plots worldwide to allow for the exploration of global patterns in taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity at the plant community level. Results sPlot version 2.1 contains records from 1,121,244 vegetation plots, which comprise 23,586,216 records of plant species and their relative cover or abundance in plots collected worldwide between 1885 and 2015. We complemented the information for each plot by retrieving climate and soil conditions and the biogeographic context (e.g., biomes) from external sources, and by calculating community-weighted means and variances of traits using gap-filled data from the global plant trait database TRY. Moreover, we created a phylogenetic tree for 50,167 out of the 54,519 species identified in the plots. We present the first maps of global patterns of community richness and community-weighted means of key traits. Conclusions The availability of vegetation plot data in sPlot offers new avenues for vegetation analysis at the global scale.Öğe Traditional uses and ecological resemblance of medicinal plants in two districts of the Western Aegean Region (Turkey)(Springer, 2020) Guler, Behlul; Erkan, Yildiz; Uğurlu, EminWe interviewed 91 people who use plants for medicinal purposes regularly in Altinova (Balikesir) and Kozak (Izmir) during 2009-2010. We recorded the local names of plants, useful parts of plants, ailments treated, preparation and application methods during the interviews. We performed a use value (UV) calculation to assess the relative importance of local species. We carried out informant consensus factor (F-IC) analysis to find out the level of disease homogeneity. Finally, we identified 63 plant taxa belonging to 32 families. Among these were 47 wild and 16 cultivated. Lamiaceae (14.3%), Asteraceae (12.7%), Rosaceae (9.5%), Chenopodiaceae (6.3%) and Brassicaceae (4.8%) families were the most common. Use values showed Urtica dioica L. and Malva sylvestris L. were the most commonly used species. Homogeneity of diseases (F-IC) values were the highest for dermatological, gastrointestinal and blood disorders, 0.93, 0.92 and 0.91, respectively. In our study, herb medicinal species showed more ecological differences than shrub and tree species in terms of altitudinal range and flowering period. Our results also showed that herbal remedies are substantially important among the local people.
