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Öğe Betanin and Nano-Calcium Carbonate Incorporated Polyvinyl alcohol/Starch Films for Active and Intelligent Packaging Applications(Springer, 2023) Kavas, Eslem; Terzioglu, Pinar; Sicak, YusufBio-based and biodegradable packaging are ideal for sustainable polymer packaging. In this study, cassava starch and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) were used as the film-forming matrix, betanin (E-162) and nano-calcium carbonate (CaCO3) as the pH sensitive pigment and nanofiller, respectively. Solvent casting technique was used to develop ecofriendly composite films. For the first time, the color, mechanical, thermal, structural, ammonia sensitivity, and bioactivity properties of films containing different amounts of natural additives were compared. The changes determined in the Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrum were evidence of the interaction of additives with polymer matrix. The developed films showed similar thermal stability according to thermal degradation behaviors with three distinct weight losses. The temperatures of 10% residual weight were determined to be slightly higher (500.4-603.8 degrees C) in additive incorporated films when compared to pure PVA/starch film (478.3 degrees C). The mechanical properties of composite films varied due to composition. The tensile strength of pure PVA/starch films were reduced significantly from 27.74 to 16.56 MPa with betanin addition. The together addition of betanin (E-162) and nano-CaCO3 also reduced the tensile strength (14.77 MPa). The elongation at break values of betanin incorporated films (% 184.06-205.09) were reduced as compared with pure PVA/starch films (% 258.10). The additives caused a decrease in L* values (lightness reduction). The addition of betanin to PVA/starch film notably improved the antioxidant properties. The results demonstrate the convenience of the composite films for active and intelligent packaging applications.Öğe Bionanocomposites in Bone Tissue Engineering(CRC Press, 2025) Terzioglu, Pinar; Mutlu, Büşra; Duman, Seyma[Abstract Not Available]Öğe Calcium carbonate's impact on pine wood flour and talc-filled recycled polypropylene composites for sustainable material applications(Sage Publications Ltd, 2025) Kavas, Eslem; Terzioglu, PinarIncorporating recycled plastics into demanding automotive industry can boost the plastic waste recycling rate. While advancements have been made, challenges remain in enhancing the quality and applicability of recycled plastics. This work aims to develop pine wood flour and calcium carbonate reinforced recycled polypropylene (R-PP)/talc composites using extruder, followed by injection molding. Maleic anhydride modified polypropylene (MAPP) was added to strengthen the bonding of wood flour and (R-PP)/talc. The first step involved extruding wood flour, MAPP, and (R-PP)/talc, then crushing the extrudate into granules. Then the final composites were obtained by injection molding of calcium carbonate and the granulated samples. The properties of hybrid polymer composites were investigated by FTIR spectroscopy, density, mechanical tests (tensile, flexural, izod impact strength), heat deflection temperature (HDT) and Vicat softening temperature (VST). The tensile strength of wood flour and MAPP incorporated samples were improved compared to (R-PP)/talc based control sample and no significant change was observed with CaCO3 addition. The flexural characteristic of all hybrid composites were enhanced, 15 wt% CaCO3 resulted in higher flexural modulus among the composites. However, the elongation at break and impact strength showed decrement for filler incorporated composites. The HDT and VST of hybrid composites increased approximately 10 degrees C and 20 degrees C, respectively, compared to control sample, indicating an enhancement in thermal stability. Overall, the developed hybrid composites can be valuable for the recycling sector. In this context, the evaluation and adoption of recycled polypropylene could pave the way for a more sustainable future, aligning economic interests with environmental stewardship.Öğe Curcumin-Loaded Akermanite/Chitosan/Carboxymethylcellulose Patches for Skin Wound Healing: Fabrication, Characterization, and In Vitro Cytocompatibility(Wiley-V C H Verlag Gmbh, 2025) Mutlu, Busra; Demirci, Fatma; Ercelik, Melis; Tekin, Cagla; Tunca, Berrin; Terzioglu, Pinar; Duman, SeymaIn this study, bioactive and biocompatible transdermal patches were fabricated through the lyophilization of a chitosan/carboxymethylcellulose/akermanite composite matrix. The influence of curcumin incorporation at 0.5%, 1%, and 2% on the physicochemical, morphological, and biological properties of the patches was systematically investigated. Scanning electron microscopy revealed an interconnected porous structure with pore sizes ranging from 29 to 57 mu m, facilitating cell infiltration and nutrient transport. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy confirmed the successful integration of akermanite and curcumin, along with characteristic interactions within the polymeric network. In vitro release studies demonstrated a biphasic profile consisting of an initial burst followed by a sustained release phase, with the CCMAKCur0.5 sample achieving the highest cumulative release (94.28%). Antioxidant performance, evaluated using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method, ranged from 21.55% (CCM) to 38.96% (CCMAKCur0.5), while higher curcumin concentrations reduced activity due to increased matrix densification. Simulated body fluid immersion confirmed apatite formation, particularly in CCMAKCur0.5 and CCMAKCur2, indicating enhanced bioactivity. Cytocompatibility studies with HUVECs showed no toxic effects, and scratch assays demonstrated that CCMAKCur0.5 most effectively promoted wound closure. Overall, the findings indicate that curcumin- and akermanite-loaded lyophilized patches represent promising candidates for transdermal therapeutic applications.Öğe Edible Film and Coating Materials against Fungal Decay(CRC Press, 2025) Altuntas, Seda; Terzioglu, Pinar; Cinar, Aycan; Atalay, Zeynep PinarIn food preservation, combating fungal decay emerges as one of humanity's most enduring challenges. Fungi, with their voracious appetite and stealthy nature, have long plagued the efforts of humankind to store and distribute food safely. Fungal attack leads to significant losses in food products and poses health risks to consumers due to mycotoxins production (Ortega-Toro et al., 2017). In addition, it is one of the most important reasons for economic losses in the food industry. Therefore, from the earliest civilizations to the modern era, the quest for effective strategies to combat fungal decay has been relentless, leading to the development of various preservation techniques and materials. © 2026 selection and editorial matter, Jian Ju and Fangyuan Zhao; individual chapters, the contributors. All rights reserved.Öğe Electrospun lavender essential oil-loaded polylactic acid nanofibrous mats for antioxidant applications(Springer, 2024) Ismaili, Dea; Parin, Fatma Nur; Sicak, Yusuf; Ozturk, Mehmet; Terzioglu, PinarIn this study, the lavender essential oil-incorporated polylactic acid (PLA) nanofibers were fabricated by the electrospinning technique with the presence of kolliphor as a nonionic surfactant. The FTIR spectra supported the chemical composition of the fibers. The FTIR spectra demonstrated that there is no chemical reaction present between PLA and lavender essential oil. The SEM images of all nanofibers showed bead-free morphology. ImageJ results showed that the average diameter of lavender oil-loaded fibers ranged between 121.6 +/- 32 and 228.2 +/- 53 nm. All lavender essential oil-incorporated nanofibers were hydrophobic with satisfactory thermal properties. Furthermore, the lavender essential oil-incorporated PLA nanofibrous mats exhibited good antioxidant activity. The results showed that as the concentration of the essential oil in resulting nanofibers increased, the antioxidant activity also increased. According to the results of this study, lavender essential oil-loaded PLA fibers can be considered for a wide range of potential applications such as active packaging, food coating, facial masks, and wound dressing.Öğe Electrospun Porous Biobased Polymer Mats for Biomedical Applications(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2022) Parın, Fatma Nur; Terzioglu, PinarThe electrospinning method provides fabrication of nonwoven mats from nano to micrometers in size with controllable pores. Porous electrospun scaffolds have attracted increasing attention in biomedical applications especially due to their ability to mimic the extracellular matrix. This chapter presents a comprehensive overview of the advancements in the last five years through the design and preparation of porous biobased polymer mats using the electrospinning method for biomedical applications. Firstly, fundamentals of the electrospinning process are presented and followed by a discussion of the possible biomedical applications of micro- and nanostructured porous mats for drug delivery, wound dressing, tissue engineering, and other applications. Various crucial points for limitations and possible future trends are presented. © 2022, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.Öğe Evaluation of Glycerol Concentration in the Production of Lemon Oil Incorporated Pectin-Based Films Using Principal Component Analysis(Mdpi, 2025) Akachat, Belkis; Himed, Louiza; Torche, Assala; Khelef, Yahia; Barkat, Malika; Salah, Merniz; Terzioglu, PinarThis research explores how varying glycerol concentrations (0-30 wt%) affect the physicochemical and mechanical characteristics of pectin films, derived from Citrus limon waste and enriched with lemon essential oil. The films were produced using the casting method. The findings show that glycerol significantly impacts film thickness, swelling behavior, water solubility, moisture content, water vapor permeability, and structural and mechanical characteristics. FTIR spectroscopy confirmed molecular interactions between glycerol and the film matrix. Notably, films with 20-30 wt% glycerol had reduced transparency. Mechanically, glycerol increased the elongation at break, enhancing flexibility, while a 5 wt% glycerol concentration optimized tensile strength. However, higher glycerol levels led to decreased tensile strength. Principal Component Analysis identified 5 wt% glycerol as optimal for balancing flexibility and structural integrity. Additionally, glycerol-plasticized films were more hydrophilic than the control. These results highlight glycerol's crucial role as a plasticizer and the importance of precise concentration control in biodegradable film formulations.Öğe Investigating the properties of recycled and virgin poly (ethylene terephthalate) textured yarns: Effect of different blending ratios(Bulgarska Akademiya na Naukite, 2025) Özbakış, S.; Aydın, A.; Terzioglu, PinarNowadays, there is a growing interest in the use of recycled polyester in the textile industry, driven largely by the sustainability goals of the European Green Deal. These environmental objectives have encouraged both researchers and manufacturers to develop more eco-friendly alternatives to traditional textile production. Recycling polyester from post-consumer and post-industrial waste offers significant environmental benefits, such as reducing landfill accumulation and lowering carbon emissions. However, challenges still remain, including ensuring the quality of recycled material and its compatibility with existing manufacturing processes. This study focuses on investigating the blending of recycled and virgin poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) to produce textured yarns suitable for textile applications. Understanding how blending ratios influence yarn performance is crucial for promoting the use of recycled materials in mainstream textile production. In this research, different blend ratios of recycled to virgin PET—100:0, 0:100, 25:75, 50:50, and 75:25 (% w/w)—were used to produce yarns. The resulting yarns were tested for their mechanical, thermal, and color properties. The results showed that the blending ratio significantly effects the thermal and mechanical properties of the yarns, such as tensile strength and elasticity. However, the dyeability and color characteristics were not significantly impacted by the presence of recycled content. These findings suggest that incorporating recycled PET into yarn production can be achieved without compromising visual or dyeing quality, making it a promising approach for sustainable textile manufacturing. © 2025 Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Union of Chemists in Bulgaria.Öğe Mesoporous silica aerogels for sunflower oil refining and investigation of their adsorption performance(Springer, 2025) Soylu, Tulay Merve; Ozel, Cem; Ikizler, Burcu Karakuzu; Ozarslan, Ali Can; Terzioglu, Pinar; Elalmis, Yeliz Basaran; Yucel, SevilInvolving a succession of oil refining stages for edible oil production, a notable constraint lies in the necessity to employ diverse adsorbents at various steps within these processes. This study investigates the synthesis of mesoporous silica aerogels from rice husk ash, comparing their efficacy in physical sunflower oil refining with earth clay (Bentonite) and commercial silica (Trisyl). Tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) impact during aging was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and N2 adsorption-desorption analyzer to examine alterations in the structure of silica aerogels. The surface areas of TEOS-doped silica aerogel (TSA) and non-TEOS-doped silica aerogel (NTSA) were 296.18 and 267.06 m(2)/g. Mesoporous silica aerogels were evaluated for their ability to reduce free fatty acids (FFA), peroxide value (PV), phosphorus, and color pigments in sunflower oil. TSA and NTSA demonstrated significant FFA removal, with TSA at 3 wt.% achieving the highest performance of 32.2%. TSA also effectively reduced PV and phosphorus compared to NTSA, Bentonite and Trisyl, exhibiting performance similar to Bentonite in the bleaching process. TEOS-doped silica aerogels have shown promise as adsorbents for impurity removal in sunflower oil and has emerged as the potential adsorbent that can comprehensively and effectively meet the requirements of many edible oil physical refining applications in a singular step. Mesoporous silica aerogel synthesis from rice husk ash with/without TEOS-doping. Mesoporous silica aerogels were compared to commercial adsorbents. For the first time mesoporous silica aerogels were used for oil adsorption with promising results. TEOS-doped silica aerogel was used to remove acids and peroxide in oil purification effectively. TEOS-doped silica aerogel performed effective color and phosphorus removal in oil purification.Öğe Morphology, Crystallinity and Thermal Properties of Nanocrystalline Cellulose Isolated of Sisal Fiber by Acid Hydrolysis-Ultrasonication(Unimap Press, 2024) Yudhanto, Ferriawan; Yudha, Venditias; Jamir, Mohd Ridzuan Mohd; Suyambulingam, Indran; Terzioglu, Pinar; SudarismanNanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) from natural Agave sisalana (Sisal) fibers were isolated using a combination of chemical and mechanical processes. The chemical treatment begins with soaking the fiber in a sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution with a concentration of 5 wt.% at a temperature of 90(degrees)C for 60 minutes. Then following by bleaching (fiber refining) using a hydrogen peroxide solution (H2O2) with a concentration of 3 wt.% (weight), at a temperature of 60(degrees)C, and pH of 10 for 30 minutes. It aims to eliminate the presence of hemicellulose and lignin contained in the fiber. Fibrillation Micro into nano Sisal fibers using sulfuric acid (hydrolysis process). Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) with 55 wt.% at temperature 60(degrees)C for 30 minutes produced NCC with a diameter of 5 +/- 1 nm (D) and a length of 260 +/- 10 nm (L), as seen using a TEM (transmission electron microscope). The web -like network structured shape of NCC results in a high aspect ratio (L/D) value is 52. The acid hydrolysis-ultrasonication process produced a high crystallinity index of 78.82% through the XRD (x-ray diffraction) test. The crystallinity and aspect ratio of NCC show that Sisal fiber is a suitable material as a filler for bio-nanocomposite materials. The maximum temperature (T-max) of NCC decreased by 10(degrees)C due to sulfate ions attached to the cellulose structure, causing the thermal stability to drop from 348(degrees)C to 338(degrees)C.Öğe Novel Adsorbents for Canola Oil Physical Refining: Mesoporous Calcium and Magnesium Silica Aerogel(Wiley-V C H Verlag Gmbh, 2025) Soylu, Tulay Merve; Karakuzu-Ikizler, Burcu; Terzioglu, Pinar; Yucel, SevilThe refining process of edible oil is essential for extending its shelf life by removing contaminants that negatively affect quality and consumer acceptance. This study evaluates the effectiveness of calcium silica aerogel, magnesium silica aerogel, a combination of both, bentonite, Trisyl, and various aerogel combinations in a single-stage physical refining process of crude canola oil. Calcium and magnesium silica aerogels were synthesized via the precipitation method from water glass and subsequently dried under ambient pressure using an air dryer. The synthesized aerogels were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, N2 adsorption-desorption analysis and bulk density measurements. The surface areas of the calcium and magnesium aerogels were found to be 45.67 m2/g and 616.46 m2/g, with densities of 0.15 g/cm3 and 0.18 g/cm3, respectively. The adsorption capacities of these adsorbents for free fatty acids, peroxides, and color pigments in crude canola oil were examined. The aerogels reduced free fatty acid levels by 14% to 47%, and their use in the refining process produced oil with a lighter color. Notably, the most effective peroxide removal, reaching 53.4%, was achieved with a 50:50 combination of aerogels. These findings demonstrate the potential of calcium and magnesium silica aerogels as effective adsorbents for removing impurities from edible oils.Öğe Polylactic acid/akermanite biocomposite films for food packaging applications(Springer, 2024) Yilmaz Dogan, Hazal; Terzioglu, Pinar; Duman, SeymaThis study investigated the incorporation of akermanite into a polylactic acid (PLA) matrix using the solution casting method, with akermanite ratios ranging from 0.05% to 2% w/w. To facilitate even distribution of akermanite, 5 wt% triacetin was used as a plasticizer. The resultant PLA/akermanite composite films were evaluated and compared against neat PLA and plasticized PLA films in terms of color, optical, physical, mechanical, thermal and structural properties. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) revealed structural formations attributed to the added plasticizers and akermanite in the PLA matrix. The films containing akermanite showed reduced transparency compared to neat PLA. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) results indicated an enhancement in crystallinity with the addition of akermanite to the PLA matrix, which suggests improved thermal properties. Mechanical testing showed that the inclusion of triacetin decreased the tensile strength of the PLA films from 31.01 MPa to 29.19 MPa, while the Young's modulus increased from 1.23 GPa to 1.33 GPa. The elongation at break also improved significantly, rising from 5.60% to 8.26%. These changes indicate an overall enhancement in the ductility and stiffness of the films. Additionally, the water solubility and moisture content of the composite films decreased, whereas their water absorption increased compared to neat PLA. These results suggest that the PLA/akermanite composites, with altered physical and mechanical properties, have significant potential for use as biocomposite materials in food packaging applications, offering a sustainable alternative with enhanced performance characteristics.Öğe Polyvinyl Alcohol Films with Algerian Eruca vesicaria Extract as Natural Antioxidants for Food Packaging(Laboratoire de Nutrition, Pathologie, Agro-biotechnologie et Sante (LAB-NUPABS), 2025) Brahimi, Mohamed Habib; Dekmouche, Messaouda; Gazioğlu Rüzgar, Duygu; Hadef, Derradji; Terzioglu, PinarBackground: The increasing interest in active packaging films stems from their potential to reduce reliance on synthetic chemical additives for food preservation, thereby enhancing food quality and extending shelf life. Aims: This study aimed to develop, characterize, and evaluate the functional properties of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based solvent cast films loaded with a hydroethanolic extract derived from Eruca vesicaria (arugula), intending to produce novel active packaging materials. Methods: Initially, the total phenolic content of the Eruca vesicaria extract was quantified, and its precise chemical profile was determined through chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The resulting flexible and active PVA films were subjected to comprehensive analysis using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to identify molecular interactions, along with assessments of water contact angle, opacity, transparency, and antioxidant activity using the DPPH and the phosphomolybdenum assay. Results: The LC-MS/MS analysis successfully identified eight distinct phenolic compounds within the hydroethanolic extract. FTIR spectroscopy confirmed effective molecular interactions between the incorporated extract and the PVA polymer matrix. Furthermore, the inclusion of the extract significantly altered the surface wettability (water contact angle) of the films. Critically, the films demonstrated substantially improved functional properties. The antioxidant activity assessment demonstrated that films incorporated with the Eruca vesicaria extract exhibited significantly higher antioxidant activity (IC50=0.75 ± 0.01, EC50=1.8 ± 0. 1 mg/mL), compared to pure PVA films (IC50=1.53 ± 0.03 mg/mL, EC50=10.69 ± 0.5mg/mL). Conclusions: The findings demonstrate that integrating Eruca vesicaria antioxidants into PVA films is a viable and highly effective strategy for producing active packaging materials with enhanced functional and barrier properties. © 2025 The Author(s).Öğe Polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan composite films with pomegranate peel powder: Improved bioactivity and biodegradability(Elsevier, 2025) Isman, Nese; Sicak, Yusuf; Terzioglu, PinarThe fact that petroleum-derived plastic packaging has a very short lifespan that causes serious environmental problems. The interest in development of biocomposite films with suitable biodegradability is increasing day by day. In the present study, polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan (PVA/CS) bioactive composite films containing pomegranate peel powder (PPP) were developed by casting method. The PVA/CS films with PPP (1-3 % w/w) were investigated to determine the physical, mechanical, structural, barrier, soil biodegradability and antioxidant properties. Surface morphology was observed by SEM and peel powder integration to the structure was revealed clearly. It was observed that the tensile strength of PPP incorporated films (22.76 +/- 0.89-19.63 +/- 0.98 MPa) were lower than the neat film (35.03 +/- 2.67 MPa), whereas the elongation at break values of biofiller added films were higher. Additionally, the water contact angle values of the films ranged from 105.2 degrees +/- 0.56-83.1 degrees +/- 0.72, showing a decreasing trend with increasing pomegranate peel powder concentration. While the water vapor permeability of the films increased with higher pomegranate peel powder content, the water solubility values initially decreased. The alteration in color of films was detected with incorporation of pomegranate peel powder. Moreover, antioxidant activity reached its highest value (IC50:6.60 +/- 0.42 and 7.17 +/- 0.34 mu g/mL for DPPH and ABTS, respectively) with 3 % w/w PPP addition. According to soil burial test results, the 2 % w/w PPP incorporated films showed the highest biodegradability (similar to 67 %).Öğe The Addition of Opuntia ficus-indica Ethanolic Extract to a Skimmed Milk-Based Extender Impacts Ram Sperm Quality(Wiley, 2023) Allai, Larbi; Druart, Xavier; Terzioglu, Pinar; Louanjli, Noureddine; Nasser, Boubker; Ozturk, Mehmet; El Amiri, BouchraRecently, researchers have focused on the use of natural antioxidants to improve semen quality as a key element for successful artificial insemination. In this context, the first aim of this study was to determine the antioxidant activity and composition (minerals, vitamins, and sugars) of Opuntia fcus-indica cladode ethanolic extract (ETHEX). A further purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of ETHEX supplementation on the quality of liquid ram semen extended with skim milk (SM) at 5 degrees C. The antioxidant activity of ETHEX was studied using free radical 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH center dot) assay. The mineral composition and the sugar and vitamin contents of ETHEX were determined using an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and HPLC-DAD-RID analytical instruments. As a second part, semen was collected from five Boujaad rams with an artificial vagina. The ejaculates with more than 70% motility were pooled, extended with skim milk (SM) extender without (control) or supplemented with 1-8% of ETHEX (37 degrees C; 0.8 x 109 sperm/mL). Sperm quality parameters were assessed at 8, 24, 48, and 72 h. The results showed that ETHEX had a higher antioxidant activity compared to those of ascorbic acid and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). Furthermore, ETHEX contains a considerable amount of minerals, vitamins, and sugars. The inclusion of 1 or 2% ETHEX in SM increased the sperm motility, viability, and membrane integrity and decreased the abnormality of spontaneous and catalyzed lipids peroxidation (p < 0.05) up to 72 h. In addition, semen diluted with 1 and 2% ETHEX decreased the level of DNA fragmentation compared to the control group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the ETHEX could be recommended to improve the quality of liquid ram spermatozoa. However, its effects on artificial insemination should be further studied.
