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    Sodium silicate-formamide grouted silt and silty sand properties
    (2022) Avcı, Eyübhan; Mollamahmutoğlu, Murat; Deveci, Emre
    In this study, the hydraulic conductivity and strength characteristics of various graded silt and silty fine sands grouted with sodium silicate-formamide solutions were investigated. In the determination of the most suitable sodium silicate-formamide solutions for grouting, viscosity, gel time, and syneresis tests were implemented at first. SF1 and SF7 solutions were found convenient accordingly. The groutability tests were conducted on the silt and silty fine sand specimens prepared at five different gradations with SF1 and SF7 solutions and all specimens were successfully grouted. The successfully grouted specimens were kept under two different curing conditions, wet-cured and air-dried, and subjected to unconfined compressive strength (UCS) tests at different time intervals. As the UCS of air-dried specimens increased the UCS of wet-cured specimens decreased with time. In general, the UCS of air-dried specimens was higher than those of wet-cured samples. The UCS values of specimens grouted with SF1 solutions were higher than those of SF7 grouted specimens. On the other hand, the permeabilities of silt and silty fine specimens were reduced with both SF1 and SF2 grouts and the permeabilities of SF1 injected samples were higher than those of SF7 grouted samples. The permeabilities of SF1 and SF7 grouted specimens increased with time.
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    Strength and permeability properties of sodium silicate-sodium dihydrogen phosphate grouted sand
    (Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2021) Mollamahmutoğlu, Murat; Avcı, Eyubhan; Deveci, Emre; Gokce, Aydın; Yıldırım, Eray
    In this study, it was aimed at investigating the injection performance of sodium silicate-sodium dihydrogen phosphate grouts into different graded sand samples, the time-dependent strength, and the permeability properties of injected specimens under different curing conditions. At first, the viscosity, gel time, and syneresis of grout mixtures were determined based on the contents of grout components included in grout mixtures. Syneresis is the process that causes the grout gel to shrink due to the exudation of liquid. While the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of air-dried samples increased with time (varied from 740 kPa and 1529 kPa at the end of the 150th day), the UCS of wet-cured specimens decreased with time (ranged from 49 kPa and 293 kPa at the end of 150th day). The air-dried strengths of M4, M6, and M9 grouted specimens were 11.8, 8.39, and 5.77 times greater than those of wet-cured specimens, respectively. The permeability of various graded sand specimens was decreased with sodium silicate-sodium dihydrogen phosphate grouts under both wet-cured and air-dried conditions. As the decrease in the permeability of wet-cured specimens was one to four orders of magnitude, the decrease in the permeability of wet-cured specimens was two to five orders of magnitude