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    From leaf to continent: The multi-scale distribution of an invasive cryptic pathogen complex on oak
    (Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2018) Desprez-Loustau, Marie-Laure; Massot, Marie; Toigo, Maude; Fort, Tania; Kaya, Ayse Gulden Aday; Lehtijaervi, Asko Tapio
    The spatial distribution and niche differentiation of three closely related species (Erysiphe alphitoides, Erysiphe quercicola and Erysiphe hypophylla) causing oak powdery mildew was studied at scales ranging from the European continent, where they are invasive, to a single leaf. While E. alphitoides was dominant at all scales, E. quercicola and E. hypophylla had restricted geographic, stand and leaf distributions. The large-scale distributions were likely explained by climatic factors and species environmental tolerances, with E. quercicola being more frequent in warmer climates and E. hypophylla in colder climates. The extensive sampling and molecular analyses revealed the cryptic invasion of E. quercicola in nine countries from which it had not previously been recorded. The presence of the three species was also strongly affected by host factors, such as oak species and developmental stage. Segregation patterns between Erysiphe species were observed at the leaf scale, between and within leaf surfaces, suggesting competitive effects. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd and British Mycological Society. All rights reserved.
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    Occurrence and Genetic Similarity of Diplodia pinea on Shoots and Cones in Seed Orchards of Pinus spp. in North-Western Turkey
    (Czech Academy Agricultural Sciences, 2014) Dogmus-Lehtijarvi, Tugba H.; Kaya, Ayse Gulden Aday; Lehtijaervi, Asko Tapio; Oskay, Funda; Kaya, Ozgur Durmus
    Diplodia shoot blight disease can cause significant damage on coniferous trees and be particularly injurious to cones, which reduces the amount of seed production and germination. We investigated the disease severity and genetic variation of Diplodia pinea in one Pinus nigra and two P. sylvestris seed orchards. Disease surveys were carried out in Izmit (Marmara region, Turkey) in May 2012. Symptomatic shoots and cones were examined for the presence of pycnidia. Cultural and morphological characteristics of the isolates were studied using cultures grown on potato dextrose agar (PDA). Based on morphological characteristics and results using species specific primers, the pycnidia on shoots and cones were identified as D. pinea. In addition, Random Amplified Microsatellite Sequence (RAMS) analyses indicated that there was a single genet of D. pinea which caused the disease in the seed orchards. All of the 60 sampled trees were found to be infected by the fungus. There were differences in disease severity among the stands.