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Öğe Advances in PEKK Thermoplastic Composites: Reinforcing With MWCNTs and GNPs for Enhanced Performance(Wiley, 2025) Ferik, Erdem; Yilmaz, Sukran Guney; Birak, Selahattin Berat; Demirel, Merve Ozkutlu; Oz, Yahya; Kaboglu, CihanPolyetherketoneketone (PEKK) is a highly regarded material in polymer science due to its outstanding thermal stability, mechanical strength, and chemical resistance. Despite substantial research on PEKK composites reinforced with CNTs and GNPs, two primary challenges remain: inconsistent glass transition temperature behavior at varying filler contents, leading to unpredictable shifts in both thermal and mechanical performance, and the absence of direct comparisons under uniform processing conditions that would allow quantitative evaluation of each filler's effect. In this work, PEKK/MWCNT and PEKK/GNP nanocomposites were produced via the same hot-press molding protocol and systematically evaluated for thermal and mechanical performance, electrical conductivity (using S-value analysis) and microstructural morphology. A range of mechanical tests, including tensile, Charpy impact, and hardness tests, were conducted alongside physical analyses such as differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results demonstrated that both MWCNTs and GNPs significantly enhanced PEKK's properties. The incorporation of MWCNTs raised the glass transition temperature (T-g) to 169 degrees C and the crystallization temperature (T-c) to 327 degrees C, whereas GNPs increased the decomposition temperature (T-d) to 572 degrees C. Adding 1 wt.% of either nano-additive notably improved tensile and flexural strength, while an optimal concentration of 0.1 wt.% was determined for Charpy impact performance. Additionally, higher concentrations resulted in exceptional electrical and thermal conductivity.Öğe Effect of graphene nanoplatelet and multi-walled carbon nanotube additives on polyphenylene sulfide nanocomposites(Sage Publications Ltd, 2025) Guney Yilmaz, Sukran; Ferik, Erdem; Berat Birak, Selahattin; Ozkutlu Demirel, Merve; Kaboglu, Cihan; Oz, YahyaThe performance of current materials remains inadequate in the face of advancing technology and challenging working conditions. Due to the advantages and versatility, they offer, composite materials are utilized in numerous industries. Polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) has attracted significant interest in the aerospace industry due to its lightweight, high strength, high-temperature resistance, availability, and mechanical and physical properties. In this study, PPS was reinforced with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) to enhance its mechanical properties. Composite materials were produced by mixing PPS matrix material with nanofillers at different weight ratios and then subjected to compression molding. The specified tests were applied to the produced composite materials. When the thermal conductivity properties are examined, it is observed that there is a 490% increase when 10 wt% GNP is added, and a 45% increase when 10 wt% MWCNT is added. When 10 wt% of MWCNT is added to pure PPS, it has been observed that electrical conductivity at mid-frequency measurements increases by 222 % making it a conductive material. Uniform nanofiller distribution is crucial for optimal impact and mechanical performance. Agglomeration reduces properties such as tensile strength, hardness, and impact resistance.Öğe Effects of carbon nanotubes on mechanical behavior of fiber reinforced composite under static loading(WALTER DE GRUYTER GMBH, 2022) Kaboğlu, Cihan; Ferik, ErdemThe purpose of this research article is to show the effect of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) addition on fiber reinforced polymer matrix composites produced by the vacuum infusion method on tensile performance. In this study, glass, carbon, and fiber fabric reinforced polymer matrix composite plates were produced using glass, carbon and aramid fiber fabrics with the same weave type and similar areal density. Using the same production parameters, the composite plates reinforced with different fiber types were produced with CNTs addition by 0.5 wt% of total composite. Additionally, since it is thought that the effect of CNTs on performance in different fiber types may be different, hybrid fiber fabric reinforced composite plate material containing a composition of glass, carbon and fiber fabrics was produced and this material was produced with CNTs additive using the same production parameters as in previous fiber reinforced composite plate productions. In the study, composite plates with and without CNTs were produced in various compositions including glass, carbon, aramid, and hybrid fiber fabrics. As a result, CNTs reinforcement has increased the mechanical performance under tensile stress in glass, carbon, and hybrid reinforced fabric composite structures, but on aramid fiber, CNTs has decreased the performance.Öğe High-performance thermoplastic nanocomposites for aerospace applications: A review of synthesis, production, and analysis(Sage Publications Ltd, 2026) Yilmaz, Sukran Guney; Ferik, Erdem; Birak, Selahattin Berat; Demirel, Merve Ozkutlu; Oz, Yahya; Kaboglu, CihanThermoset polymers are cured under natural or synthetic created conditions and retain their solid form when exposed to heat. Unlike thermosets, thermoplastics melt when exposed to heat after production. Thermoplastics are preferred as raw materials because they can be easily shaped after production, have a high shelf life and are recyclable. In this regard, the prominence of high-performance engineering polymers in recent years has led to the preference of alternative polymers to thermosets. High-performance engineering thermoplastics include thermoplastics such as polyphenylene-sulfide (PPS), polyether-ether-ketone (PEEK), polyether-ketone-ketone (PEKK), polyphenylene-ether, polysulfone,polyoxadiazole, polyimide, polyether-amide, polyether-amide-imide, polynaphthalene, and polyamide-imide. These polymers exhibit application potential in aerospace, defense, automotive, marine, energy, and medical sectors. In challenging conditions such as high pressure, temperature, and corrosive environments, they possess high service temperatures, enhanced mechanical and physical properties, preferable chemical resistance as well as out-of-autoclave and rapid processing properties. In this review article, nanomaterial production methods (bottom-up and top-bottom) are mentioned. In the following sections, PPS, PEEK, and PEKK thermoplastics are explained, and carbon- and boron-based nano additives used in constructing nanocomposites are investigated. In the last section, PPS, PEKK, and PEEK polymer nanocomposites are investigated.Öğe Karbon nanotüp katkısı ile katmanlı cam, karbon ve aramid elyaf takviyeli hibrit kompozit malzemelerin üretimi ve mekanik performanslarının geliştirilmesi(Bursa Teknik Üniversitesi, 2021) Ferik, Erdem; Kaboğlu, CihanKompozit malzemeler iki veya daha fazla sayıda birbirinden farklı malzemelerin belirli düzenlerde makro ölçekte bir araya getirilmeleri ile elde edilen bir malzeme türüdür. Kompozit malzemelerin alt grubunu oluşturan polimer matrisli kompozitler günümüzde birçok sektörde kullanımı tercih edilen bir kompozit malzeme türüdür. Son yıllarda polimer matrisli kompozit malzemelerin kullanım alanlarının genişlemesi bu malzemeler için giderek artan yüksek bir malzeme performansı ihtiyacı oluşturmuştur. Bu ihtiyaç, kompozit malzemelerde ana takviye malzemelerine ek olarak başka malzemeler ile de kompozit malzemenin takviye edilerek polimer matrisli hibrit kompozit yapısı elde edilmesini sağlamıştır. Bu yüksek lisans çalışmasında, karbon nanotüp (CNT) katkısının vakum infüzyon yöntemi ile üretilen elyaf takviyeli epoksi reçine matrisli kompozit levha malzemelerinin mekanik özelliklerine üzerindeki olası etkisi araştırılmıştır. Bu çalışmada aynı kumaş örgü yapısı ve benzer alan yoğunluğu değerlerine sahip cam, karbon ve kevlar elyaf kumaşlar kullanılarak cam, karbon ve elyaf kumaş takviyeli polimer matris kompozit plakalar üretilmiştir. Aynı üretim parametreleri kullanılarak, aynı kompozit plakalar toplam kompozit kütle bazında %0,5 CNT ile hibrit kompozit olarak üretilmiştir. Ayrıca CNT'nin farklı elyaf türlerinde performansa etkisinin her elyaf takviyeli yapı için farklı olabileceği düşünüldüğünden cam, karbon ve elyaf kumaşlardan oluşan bir bileşimi içeren hibrit yapılı elyaf kumaş takviyeli kompozit levha malzemesi üretilmiştir. Bu malzeme önceki elyaf takviyeli kompozit levha üretimlerinde olduğu gibi üretim parametreleri aynı tutularak CNT katkısı ile üretilmiştir. Çalışmada, CNT katkısı içeren ve içermeyen kompozit plakalar, cam, elyaf, kevlar ve hibrit yapılı elyaf kumaşları içeren çeşitli takviyeler ile üretilmiştir. Çalışma sonunda CNT takviyesinin elyaf takviyeli polimer matrisli kompozit malzeme üzerindeki mekanik etkisi incelenmiştir. Bu mekanik performans analizi için çekme deneyi, üç nokta eğme deneyi ve düşen ağırlık darbe deneyleri çalışma kapsamında uygulanmıştır. Gerçekleştirilen mekanik deneyler sonucunda kompozit yapısına katılmış CNT'nin malzeme performanslarına olan katkısı çekme deneyinde cam elyaf takviyeli kompozit yapıda %14, üç nokta eğme deneyinde kevlar elyaf takviyeli kompozit yapıda %15, düşen ağırlık darbe deneyinde ise cam elyaf takviyeli kompozit yapıda %11 ve karbon elyaf takviyeli kompozit yapıda ise %120 kadar olmuştur.Öğe The effect carbon nanotube on three-point bending behavior of fiber reinforced composite(Natl Inst Science Communication-Niscair, 2022) Kaboglu, Cihan; Ferik, ErdemThe aim of this research article has been to show the effect of Carbon Nanotube (CNT) additive on the performance of composite plate materials with fiber reinforced polymer matrix produced by vacuum infusion method under bending test. In this study, multiple layered composite plates have produced by glass, carbon, and aramid fiber reinforcements with 0.5% CNT addition by mass. In addition, a hybrid composite plate containing glass, carbon and aramid (Kevlar) fiber has produced with CNT addition by using the same production parameters. Three point bending test has performed on the composite plates under 1 mm/min bending with ASTM D7264 standard. As a result, CNT addition has increased the flexural performance but has decreased the elongation of glass and carbon fiber reinforced systems. In aramid reinforced system, both flexural strength and elongation has increased. However, in the hybrid fiber reinforced system, different fiber types have damaged at different elongation distances within the structure under different loads, and gradually more than one failure have observed. When the CNT has added to the hybrid system, the elongation increased but the flexural strength has decreased.
