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Öğe Characterization of pomegranate peel extract loaded nanophytosomes and the enhancement of bio-accessibility and storage stability(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2023) Dundar, Ayse Neslihan; Ozdemir, Sebahat; Uzuner, Kubra; Parlak, Mahmud Ekrem; Sahin, Oya Irmak; Dagdelen, Adnan Fatih; Saricaoglu, Furkan TurkerNano-phytosomes are lipid-based nano-carriers and rapidly growing technology for products containing phytochemicals. In this study, pomegranate peel extract (PPE) loaded nanophytosomes (NP) were prepared with phosphatidylcholine (PC) based on thin layer hydration method. The characterization of NP such as entrapment efficiency (EE), particle size, poly-dispersity index (PDI),.-potential and microstructural properties was studied and in vitro bioaccessibility and storage stability of bioactive properties were investigated. The highest EE was determined as 94.99 %, indicating a unique ability as nano-carrier. PPE-loaded NPs showed good characteristics, such as lower PDI values (<0.5), lower particle size (166.70-144.40 nm), and spherical shape of microstructure. All NP complexes showed significant bioaccessibility with TPC, CUPRAC, and ABTS values >50 % in the intestinal medium. The lowest TPC and color difference (.E) during 28 days of storage were found at 4.C, although all NP samples showed better stability at all storage temperatures up to 21 days.Öğe Characterization of Solution Blow Spun Poly(Lactic) Acid Based Nanofibers Containing Sucuk Spice Mix Essential Oils(Springer, 2023) Ozcan, Iklime; Saricaoglu, Furkan Turker; Parlak, Mahmud Ekrem; Dagdelen, Adnan Fatih; Yigit Cinar, Aycan; Gul, Latife Betul; Tosun, FatihIn this study, essential oil (EO) from sucuk spice mix was incorporated into poly(lactic) acid (PLA) and nanofibers were produced via solution blow spinning (SBS). EO incorporation was performed at 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30% (v/w) of PLA. Mechanical, barrier, microstructural, topographical, contact angle, chemical, thermal, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties against E. coli and S. aureus were characterized. Nanofibers were not soluble in water due to the hydrophobic nature of PLA. Microstructural images revealed that beadles and uniform nanofibers can be produced with SBS, and EO addition decreased the average fiber diameter. The surface topography of nanofibers was improved by increasing EO concentration. Melting and glass transition temperatures decreased and the thermal stability of nanofibers increased with EO addition. Nanofibers containing EO at 30% had the highest antioxidant capacity (40.02%). Nanofibers containing 20, 25, and 30% of EO had greater growth inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. As a result, PLA-based nanofibers containing sucuk spice mix EO can be produced with SBS, and nanofibers containing 20, 25, and 30% EO could be a promising system not only in drug delivery systems but also in food packaging.Öğe Functional properties and bioaccessibility of alginate based phycocyanin-honey hydrogels(Elsevier, 2023) Sahin, Oya Irmak; Uzuner, Kubra; Dundar, Ayse Neslihan; Parlak, Mahmud Ekrem; Gul, Latife Betul; Dagdelen, Adnan Fatih; Simsek, SenayFood gels have become attractive due to their biocompatibility, environment-friendly characteristics, and wide array of medical and food applications. One of the main design principles of a functional food matrix is the encapsulation, protection, and controlled release of nutraceuticals. The present study utilized two products having great interest recently, phycocyanin and honey, which were embedded in a gel-type delivery system composed of different concentrations of alginate (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 g/100 mL) and gelatin (7 g/100 mL). The phycocyanin-honey gel balls (PHB) were characterized in terms of physical, rheological, textural, morphological, and sensory properties, as well as in vitro digestion, bio-accessibility, and total phenolic content release kinetics. The increasing alginate concentration significantly increased (p<0.05) total phenolic content. Also, increasing alginate ratios caused sheet-like inner layers observed in scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images. In vitro digestibility of phenolic content derived from both honey and phycocyanin was significantly improved (p<0.05) and protected from the mouth and gastric medium by hydrogel structures of alginate and gelatin. PHB showed high release (>approximate to 85 %) and bio-accessibility (>approximate to 84 %) of phenolic content in the intestinal medium. Consequently, alginate could be successfully used at 1.5 g/100 mL concentration with gelatin to enhance the functionality and bio-accessibility of functional ingredients without affecting sensory properties.Öğe Gelatin extraction from chicken skin by conventional and Ohmic heating methods and comparison with commercial halal gelatins(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2024) Isik, Cigdem; Parlak, Mahmut Ekrem; Demirel, Fatma Tuba Kirac; Odabas, Halil Ibrahim; Dagdelen, Adnan Fatih; Yilmaz, Mustafa Tahsin; Saricaoglu, Furkan TurkerGelatin extraction from chicken skins using ohmic heating (OH) is a promising application in the food industry. In this study, the effects of OH parameters (electric field (5, 10, 15, and 20 V/cm) and extraction time (1, 3, and 5 h)) on the extraction yield, physicochemical, functional, rheological, thermal, and microstructural properties of chicken skin gelatin were investigated, as well as comparison with conventional extraction and commercial halal gelatins. Chicken skin gelatins obtained with OH-assisted extraction showed higher ash content resulting in more turbidity than commercial gelatins. OH parameters significantly increased the gelatin yield, and 1 h of OH treatment revealed the highest gel strength amongst the electric field applications, conventional extracted, and bovine gelatin. The melting and gelation temperatures of chicken skin gelatins were higher than bovine gelatin and OH treatment increased the thermal stability. The amino acid composition significantly changed with OH treatment, and total imino acid content, relating to the gelation properties, increased. Functional properties, water and oil binding, emulsifying, and foaming, of chicken skin gelatin were significantly higher than commercial gelatins, and OH treatment significantly increased these properties. Overall, OH extraction of gelatin from chicken skins could be a better option for less extraction time, higher extraction yield, better functionality, and higher thermal stability compared to conventional extraction. It was concluded that chicken skin gelatins extracted using OH have properties that can be an alternative to commercial gelatins, but further purification processes are required.Öğe Hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents as plasticizers in low-density polyethylene films(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2025) Kucukcakir, Ozgur; Dagdelen, Adnan FatihIn this study, the performance of hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents (HbDESs) as plasticizers for low-density polyethylene (LDPE) films was investigated, and the results were compared with those of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) plasticizers. DESs were produced by mixing choline chloride (ChCl) (hydrogen bond acceptor, HBA) with hexanoic acid (HA) and pentanoic acid (PA) as hydrogen bond donors (HBDs) at 1:1 and 1:2 M ratios. The prepared DESs were added to LDPE at two different ratios based on polymer weight (10 % and 30 %), and twin-screw extruder was used for film production. The densities of the plasticizers were determined to be 1 g/cm3 and below, viscosities ranging from 11 to 203 mPa s, the pH was above 1 and the volatility exceeded 0.9 %. FTIR and DSC analyses indicated that bonding interactions between HBA and HBD were established, confirming the successful production of DESs. After adding the plasticizers to the LDPE films at specific rates, the films were characterized based on mechanical, barrier, optical, thermal, molecular bond, microstructural, water behavior properties, and overall migration (OM) analyses. Among the films, the first three with the best properties (CH1:30, CP1:30, and DEHP:30) were identified using the multicriteria decision hierarchy technique (TOPSIS). When comparing the films with DESs to the control group and those with DEHP, significantly better results were achieved in terms of the elongation, barrier performance, light transmittance, and OM values. These findings demonstrate the potential of HbDESs as effective plasticizers in LDPE films.Öğe Lyophilized nano-liposomal system for red onion (Allium cepa L.) peel anthocyanin: Characterization, bioaccessibility and release kinetics(Elsevier, 2023) Sahin, Oya Irmak; Dundar, Ayse Neslihan; Uzuner, Kubra; Parlak, Mahmud Ekrem; Dagdelen, Adnan Fatih; Saricaoglu, Furkan TurkerIn recent years, there has been extensive research on valorization of food wastes and a growing interest in nano-liposomal systems for food applications. This paper discusses the case of phosphatidylcholine base-dnanophytosomes loaded with anthocyanins extracted from red onion (RNPs) to overcome the bio-stability during digestion. The characterization of lyophilized RNPs in terms of entrapment efficiency, particle size, poly-dispersity index (PDI), zeta-potential, morphological properties, in vitro bioaccessibility and release kinetics were investigated. Entrapment efficiency was determined as 78.63% with lowest particle size (177.73 nm) and PDI value (0.45) and non-dense spherical microstructure for RNP6 (red onion peel anthocyanin extract: soybean phosphatidylcholine at 1:6 ratio). Apart from the particle size, entrapment efficiency was determined higher than 75%, which indicates good entrapment. Additionally, from the cumulative release of RNPs concluded as a successful nano-structure with a two-fold increase in intestinal medium. However, poor Carr index and Hausner ratio suggest some limitations of the current nanoliposomes process which could be further improved. Red onion peel wastes, which are typically discarded, can serve as excellent sources of anthocyanins, and its preparation to nanophytosomes could be used as functional food ingredient or food supplements.Öğe Menthol and organic acid-based hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents as plasticizers in biodegradable poly (lactic acid) films(Elsevier, 2025) Uzun, Sukran Asgin; Dagdelen, Adnan Fatih; Gumus, Omer Yunus; Dundar, Ayse Neslihan; Saricaoglu, Furkan TurkerThis study examined hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as plasticizers for poly (lactic acid) (PLA) films, comparing their performance to plasticizers like epoxidized soybean oil (ESBO) and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP). DESs were produced by mixing DL-menthol (hydrogen bond acceptor, HBA) with pyruvic acid (Pyr) and levulinic acid (Lev) (hydrogen bond donors, HBD). The densities of DESs were similar to ESBO and DEHP and exhibited low viscosity and shear-thinning behavior. Chemical and thermal analysis revealed successful production of DESs, indicated by lower melting points and hydrogen bond interactions between HBA and HBD. PLA films plasticized with DESs showed varied properties depending on plasticizer concentration. M-Pyr plasticized films had the lowest water uptake and solubility at a 5 % concentration. DESs imparted a yellowish tint to PLA films, with M-Lev showing higher b* values. Light transmission decreased with increasing plasticizer concentration, enhancing UV barrier properties. Adding 20 % M-Pyr and M-Lev to DES plasticized films enhanced their tensile strength by 21.73-80.60 % while reducing elongation at break by 45.94 % and 39.10 %, respectively. DESs also influenced puncture force, deformation, and heat seal ability. Water vapor and oxygen permeabilities of DES-plasticized PLA films were reduced by 50 % and 38.35 % at 20 % plasticizer concentration. FT-IR analysis verified DESs' compatibility with PLA, indicating negligible shifts in characteristic peaks. DESs exhibited low volatility and migration with high antioxidant capacity, making them suitable plasticizers. Menthol-based hydrophobic DESs demonstrated effectiveness as plasticizers for PLA films, improving mechanical and barrier properties while ensuring stability and low volatility.Öğe Nanophytosomes as a protection system to improve the gastrointestinal stability and bioavailability of phycocyanin(Elsevier, 2022) Sahin, Oya Irmak; Dundar, Ayse Neslihan; Ozdemir, Sebahat; Uzuner, Kubra; Parlak, Mahmud Ekrem; Dagdelen, Adnan Fatih; Saricaoglu, Furkan TurkerNano-phytosomes (NP), lipid-based nano-carriers, were used to encapsulate the phycocyanin. Phycocyanin (Phy) is known for its important biological properties with low bioavailability and low stability. The aim of the study was to prepare phosphatidylcholine (PC) based Phy loaded NP to overcome the bioavailability and storage stability issues. The characterization of NP such as entrapment efficiency (EE), particle size, poly-dispersity index (PDI), zeta-potential and microstructural properties was conducted and in vitro bioaccessibility and storage stability of bioactive properties were investigated. The highest EE was determined as 81.92% however with a loading capacity (LC) of 58.12%. Phy-NPs showed good characteristics, such as low PDI values (<0.5), low particle size (106.13-134.10 nm), and non-dense spherical shape of microstructure. All NP complexes showed significant bioaccessibility with total phenolic content (TPC) values greater than 50% in intestinal tract. Unfortunately, PC based NP did not show a clear-cut pattern of TPC and color protection of Phy via increased PC content.Öğe Ohmic Heating (OH)-Assisted Extraction of Bovine Hide Gelatin: Functional and Physicochemical Comparison With Halal Commercial Gelatins(Wiley, 2026) Demirel, Fatma Tuba Kirac; Isik, Cigdem Akdemir; Parlak, Mahmut Ekrem; Odabas, Halil Ibrahim; Dagdelen, Adnan Fatih; Saricaoglu, Furkan TurkerConventional gelatin extraction from high-collagen tissues requires prolonged thermal processing (8-10 h), resulting in high energy consumption and potential degradation of functional properties. To address this limitation, this study investigated ohmic heating (OH) as an alternative extraction method for bovine hide gelatin. Gelatin was extracted using voltage gradients of 5-20 V/cm for 1-5 h and compared with both conventional extraction parameters and commercial halal gelatins. OH markedly reduced the extraction time to 1-5 h while maintaining a maximum temperature of 70 degrees C, resulting in significantly improved extraction efficiency and higher dry matter and protein contents (p < 0.05). Although gel strength (122.12-176.81 g) was lower than that of commercial bovine gelatin (242.44 g), all OH-treated samples except those extracted at 20 V/cm formed stable gels. SDS-PAGE and compositional analyses indicated that OH induced partial degradation of high-molecular-weight fractions, consistent with the observed gel strength trends. The amino acid profiles, dominated by glycine, proline, and hydroxyproline, and the viscoelastic behavior (G ' > G '') were comparable to commercial references. Thermal analyses further revealed sharper melting transitions and higher Delta H values, suggesting improved thermal stability. Microstructural changes in pore size and distribution supported the observed functional differences. Overall, OH-assisted extraction provides an efficient, energy-saving, and thermally controlled approach to gelatin production. To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate the applicability of ohmic heating for extracting gelatin from bovine hide, underscoring its potential as a sustainable alternative to conventional processing methods.Öğe Recent advances in polylactic acid biopolymer films used in food packaging systems(Vup Food Research Inst, Bratislava, 2022) Kirac, Fatma Tuba; Dagdelen, Adnan Fatih; Saricaoglu, Furkan TurkerThe main purpose of food packaging is to maintain food quality and safety. For this purpose, packaging materials harmless to environment and health should prevent or reduce food spoilage. The packaging industry tends to natural and biodegradable materials due to migration of harmful components and causing environmental pollution of synthetic materials. The use of biodegradable materials as food packaging is one of the most studied approaches in recent years. Biodegradable polymers can be categorized in three groups as extracted from the biomass, produced by microorganisms and obtained from chemical synthesis. Polylactic acid (PLA) has unique properties as good transparency, availability in the market and low environmental impact, unlike fossil-derived materials. Compared to synthetic and other biodegradable polymers, PLA films have good tensile strength, as well as good barrier properties against flavour and smell. However, in order to solve disadvantages such as fragility and low thermal stability, plasticizers, stabilizers, fillers and antioxidants are used in the structure. In this review, it was aimed to present the latest advances in the functional properties of PLA important for its use in food packaging, namely, barrier, mechanical, thermal and optical properties, together with degradability.Öğe The role of microencapsulation in maintaining biological activity of royal jelly: comparison with biological activity and bioaccessibility of microencapsulated, fresh and lyophilized forms during storage(Wiley, 2022) Dundar, Ayse Neslihan; Cinar, Aycan; Altuntas, Seda; Ulubayram, Neslihan; Taner, Gokce; Dagdelen, Adnan Fatih; Oral, Rasim AlperBACKGROUND Royal jelly (RJ) is a unique beehive product and has been recommended for human health since ancient times because of its antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiproliferative, neuroprotective, anti-lipidemic and anti-aging features. However, the biggest obstacle in the use of RJ is the need for cold storage and the instability of bioactive components over time. In the present study, 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid (10-HDA) content, as well as antioxidant [using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazy and 2,2 '-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) methods] and antimicrobial activity (five Gram-positive, five Gram-negative and three yeasts), were comparatively evaluated for three RJ forms, two of which can be stored at 24 +/- 1 degrees C during storage. RESULTS Microencapsulated royal jelly (MRJ) stored at room temperature succeeded in preserving its 10-HDA content, a major bioactive compound, during the 6 months, with respect to lyophilized royal jelly (LRJ) and fresh RJ stored at 4 degrees C. The initial 10-HDA contents of RJ, LRJ and MRJ were determined as 1.90%, 5.26% and 2.75%, respectively. Moreover, the total phenolic content, antioxidant capacity and antimicrobial activity mostly remained constant throughout the storage period (P >= 0.05). Gram-positive strains were generally more sensitive than Gram-negative strains. In the present study, the in vitro simulated digestion analysis showed that MRJ can tolerate the digestion process. CONCLUSION Overall, the encapsulation process was considered as one preservative technique for RJ. The microencapsulation of RJ as shown in the results of the present study are encouraging in terms of enabling the local beekeeping sector to achieve ease of production and increased product diversity. MRJ shows promise as a commercial product with a high export value for producers. (c) 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.Öğe Use of deep eutectic solvents based on choline chloride, urea, and lactic acid as plasticizers in low-density polyethylene films(Wiley, 2025) Kucukcakir, Ozgur; Dagdelen, Adnan FatihThis study aims to investigate the performance of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as plasticizers in low-density polyethylene (LDPE) films and to compare them with di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP). DESs were produced by mixing choline chloride with lactic acid and urea in 1:1 and 1:2 molar ratios. The prepared DESs were added to LDPE at two different ratios (10% and 30%), and films with 10 different compositions were produced by the extrusion method. The densities, viscosities, pH, volatility, and thermal values of the produced DESs were determined between 1.14 and 1.18 g/cm3, 22 and 99 mPa.s, 0.05 and 9.02, 0.7% and 18.9%, and <-70 and 63 degrees C, respectively. When the DESs were examined in terms of their bond structure, it was observed that they could be produced successfully. The LDPE films with DES were characterized by thickness, mechanical, barrier, optical, DSC, FTIR, SEM, water behavior properties, heat sealability, and overall migration (OM) properties. According to the results of some basic analyses performed on the films, the first three films with the best properties (CL1:30, CL2:30, and DEHP:30) were determined using TOPSIS from the multi-criteria decision hierarchy techniques. It was determined that the DES films with the most suitable properties had better properties than the control and DEHP films in terms of tensile strength (10-12 MPa), elongation at break (500%-545%), water vapor permeance (0.03-0.04 g/m2/h/kPa), and oxygen transmission rate (13-14 cm3/m2/day), water contact angle (>99 degrees), and UV light barrier analyses. DES did not cause any change in the DSC and OM values of LDPE films. In general, important results were obtained regarding the use of DES as effective plasticizers in LDPE films.
