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    CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION AND FTIR SPECTROSCOPY OF THERMALLY COMPRESSED EUCALYPTUS WOOD PANELS
    (Univ Bio-Bio, 2018) Gönültaş, Oktay; Candan, Zeki
    In this study, the change in the chemical properties of the thermally modified eucalyptus (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) wood boards were examined by wet chemical analysis and FTIR spectroscopy. The eucalyptus wood boards were modified with a laboratory type hot-press for four different groups at press pressures of 2 or 4 MPa and temperatures of 150 degrees C or 180 degrees C and compared to untreated control. After this, hot water, 1% NaOH, ethanol-cyclohexane, ethanol, and methanol-water solubility values were determined for the treated samples. In addition, the content of klason lignin, acid soluble lignin, holocellulose, and alpha-cellulose were investigated. The solubility values (except for the ethanol solubility) increased in the modified wood when compared to the untreated control. A decrease in the content of acid soluble lignin, holocellulose and alpha-cellulose was observed while the content of klason lignin in the modified wood was increased. According to the FTIR analysis results, significant changes were observed in the spectra of the modified samples. These findings were in agreement with the results of wet chemical analysis.
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    Manufacturing Biocomposites Using Black Pine Bark and Oak Bark
    (North Carolina State Univ Dept Wood & Paper Sci, 2018) Avci, Erkan; Acar, Mehmet; Gönültaş, Oktay; Candan, Zeki
    Bark as a biowaste has a huge availability throughout the world and has had limited use in industrial applications. Black pine bark and oak bark were considered in this work. The aim was to manufacture a new biocomposite with different combination of black pine bark, oak bark, polypropylene, polyethylene, and a coupling agent, and to determine some physical and mechanical properties of the manufactured biocomposites. Density, thickness swelling, water absorption, tension strength, modulus of rapture and modulus of elasticity in bending and tension of the biocomposites were determined. According to the results, thickness swelling and water absorption properties were improved up to 80% when compared with wood-plastic composites (WPC) produced with wood flour. Although the new biocomposites displayed lower mechanical performance in comparison of biocomposites made with wood flour, the observed results were satisfactory. Based on the results of this study, black pine bark and oak bark can be used as filler materials in WPCs production. Hereby, these bark materials can be the raw material for value-added products. Bark use in biocomposite production also can contribute to reduced requirements of wood material and petroleum products.
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    Nanocellulose: Sustainable biomaterial for developing novel adhesives and composites
    (Elsevier, 2022) Candan, Zeki; Tozluoğlu, Ayhan; Gonultas, Oktay; Yildirim, Mert; Fidan, Hakan; Alma, Mehmet Hakki D.L.D.A.L.; Salan, Tufan
    Cellulose is one of the most ubiquitous and abundant natural biopolymer in the world. Nanocellulose are nanoscale cellulose-based materials isolated from trees, annual plants, agricultural residues, and algae or generated by bacteria or tunicates. Among many other sustainable nanomaterials, nanocellulose is drawing increasing interest for use in environmental remediation technologies due to its attractive properties such as excellent mechanical properties, high surface area, rich hydroxyl groups for modification, and natural properties with 100% environmental friendliness. Nanocellulose can be classified as micro/nanofibrillated cellulose (MFC/NFC), micro/nanocellulose crystals (MCC/NCC), and bacterial cellulose (BC). Nanocellulose has an existing potential as reinforcements in polymers, composite materials, and nanocomposites. Nanocellulose can be used in a variety of products such as automobile, aircraft, electronics, medical, textiles, food, optics, packaging materials, gels, composites, pharmaceuticals, bone replacement, dental products, tissue engineering, construction, coatings, wood-based composite materials, paints, papermaking, and cosmetics. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Sustainability and the furniture industry
    (Bursa Technical University, 2024) Candan, Zeki; Tunçel, Sabit; Serbest, Adnan
    The concept of sustainability has come into prominence topic in recent years. Due to its reliance on natural resources, the furniture industry has significant environmental implications. The sustainable wood industry incorporates eco-friendly approaches in various aspects. The sustainable management of our forests ensures the preservation of forest ecosystems and the continuity of biodiversity. By harvesting timber from forests and implementing practices such as rehabilitation, natural resources could be evaluated while leaving behind healthy forests for future generations through reforestation efforts. Moreover, certification systems established in the furniture industry are also critical in sustainability. Internationally recognized certification systems support sustainable forest management. Certification programs such as the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) establish internationally valid standards for forest management. Such certifications ensure the traceability of wood and wood-based products and guarantee their origin. Therefore, they contribute to the traceability of forest products and the preservation of natural habitats. In addition, the sustainable approach in the furniture industry also focuses on energy and water efficiency. The efficient use of energy and water in production processes not only reduces costs for businesses but also minimizes their environmental impact. Furthermore, recycling and waste management are vital elements of the sustainable furniture industry. Proper recycling and reuse of waste materials will not only ensure the efficient use of limited natural resources but also reduce environmental impacts. From a social and economic perspective, the sustainable furniture industry not only provides environmental benefits but also offers social and economic advantages. The use of wood and wood-based products helps reduce carbon footprint and contributes to combating climate change. Additionally, the furniture industry contributes to the green economy, promoting the widespread adoption of sustainability. Implementing sustainability in the furniture industry presents a vital opportunity to create an environmentally friendly sector and preserve natural resources. Therefore, industry stake holders and local and central governments must raise more awareness on this issue and develop policies to promote sustainability.