Nanocellulose: Sustainable biomaterial for developing novel adhesives and composites

Abstract

Cellulose is one of the most ubiquitous and abundant natural biopolymer in the world. Nanocellulose are nanoscale cellulose-based materials isolated from trees, annual plants, agricultural residues, and algae or generated by bacteria or tunicates. Among many other sustainable nanomaterials, nanocellulose is drawing increasing interest for use in environmental remediation technologies due to its attractive properties such as excellent mechanical properties, high surface area, rich hydroxyl groups for modification, and natural properties with 100% environmental friendliness. Nanocellulose can be classified as micro/nanofibrillated cellulose (MFC/NFC), micro/nanocellulose crystals (MCC/NCC), and bacterial cellulose (BC). Nanocellulose has an existing potential as reinforcements in polymers, composite materials, and nanocomposites. Nanocellulose can be used in a variety of products such as automobile, aircraft, electronics, medical, textiles, food, optics, packaging materials, gels, composites, pharmaceuticals, bone replacement, dental products, tissue engineering, construction, coatings, wood-based composite materials, paints, papermaking, and cosmetics. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.