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    Crack path effects on vibration characteristics in structural beams and plates
    (British Institute of Non-Destructive Testing, 2025) Alshammari, Yousef Lafi A.; Khan, Muhammad Mansoor; He, Feiyang; Kati, Hilal Do?anay; Buhari, Jamilu
    Accurately assessing and forecasting damage development is essential for maintaining safety, enhancing maintenance efficiency, and prolonging the service life of components in sectors like aerospace, automotive and civil infrastructure. This study examines the impact of crack characteristics—including path, length, and orientation—on the vibration characteristics of metallic and polymeric structures using both numerical and experimental methods. Using aluminium (AL) cantilever beams, numerical simulations were employed to determine the natural frequencies and associated amplitude using 13 different crack propagation paths. Results show that changes in crack orientation in the beam's depth significantly affected frequency and amplitude trends. Complementing this, experimental modal analysis (EMA) and the half-power bandwidth method were conducted on 10 crack paths on AL and 3D-printed ABS plates to examine how surface crack length and orientation influence damping ratios. Findings indicated that longer cracks increased damping due to reduced stiffness and microslip, resulting in more energy dissipation, while orientation, especially along the primary deformation axis, had a more substantial effect. ABS plates exhibited higher damping than aluminium due to their viscoelastic properties. Overall, the study highlights the critical role of crack paths in dynamic behaviour, which enhances damage identification and advanced structural health monitoring. © NDT 2025.All right reserved.
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    Numerical Analysis of Crack Path Effects on the Vibration Behaviour of Aluminium Alloy Beams and Its Identification via Artificial Neural Networks
    (Mdpi, 2025) Kati, Hilal Doganay; Buhari, Jamilu; Francese, Arturo; He, Feiyang; Khan, Muhammad
    Understanding and predicting the behaviour of fatigue cracks are essential for ensuring safety, optimising maintenance strategies, and extending the lifespan of critical components in industries such as aerospace, automotive, civil engineering and energy. Traditional methods using vibration-based dynamic responses have provided effective tools for crack detection but often fail to predict crack propagation paths accurately. This study focuses on identifying crack propagation paths in an aluminium alloy 2024-T42 cantilever beam using dynamic response through numerical simulations and artificial neural networks (ANNs). A unified damping ratio of the specimens was measured using an ICP (R) accelerometer vibration sensor for the numerical simulation. Through systematic investigation of 46 crack paths of varying depths and orientations, it was observed that the crack propagation path significantly influenced the beam's natural frequencies and resonance amplitudes. The results indicated a decreasing frequency trend and an increasing amplitude trend as the propagation angle changed from vertical to inclined. A similar trend was observed when the crack path changed from a predominantly vertical orientation to a more complex path with varying angles. Using ANNs, a model was developed to predict natural frequencies and amplitudes from the given crack paths, achieving a high accuracy with a mean absolute percentage error of 1.564%.